Lesson 8 The best and the worst
【New words and expressions】（5）
competition n. 比賽，競賽
neat adj. 整齊的，整潔的
path n. 小路，小徑
wooden adj. 木頭的
pool n. 水池
★competition n. 比賽，競賽（暗地裏的競爭）
race n. 比賽，競賽
car race
match n. 比賽
football match
contest n. 比賽（更廣泛）
baby contest 寶寶大賽；beauty contest 選美
game : 遊戲, 運動
★neat adj. 整齊的, 整潔的，井井有條
clean adj. 幹淨的
neat=tidy
tidy
★pool n. 水池(人工的)
swimming pool 遊泳池
pond 池塘（天然的）
《golden pond》—金色池塘
【Text】
Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
參考譯文
喬.桑德斯擁有我們鎮上最漂亮的花園. 幾乎每個人都參加每年舉辦的 “最佳花園競賽” , 而每次都是喬獲勝. 比爾.弗裏斯的花園比喬的花園大, 他比喬也更為勤奮, 種植的花卉和蔬菜也更多, 但喬的花園更富有情趣. 他修築了一條條整潔的小路, 並在一個池塘上架了一座小木橋. 我也喜歡花園, 但我卻不願意辛勤勞動. 每年的花園競賽我也參加, 但總因是鎮上最劣的花園而獲得一個小獎!
【課文講解】
1、Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.
Joe's garden is the most beautiful.
Bill's garden is the largest.
Bill’s garden is larger than Joe’s.
（比較的東西都是同類的事物 joe’s 的“’s”不能省略）
2、Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.
nearly和almost意義相似，表示“幾乎”、“差不多”、“差點兒”的意思。
I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差點把他的名字忘了。
I’m nearly/almost ready. 我快準備好了。
enter for 報名參加（各種競賽，考試等活動）
win（won，won） v. 贏
① vi. 贏
I win.
I lose. (輸了)
② vt. 贏得……
win something 後麵往往是獎品,不能接對手
I win the book.
I win the gold cup.
win a prize 贏得了一個獎
win a prize for… 因為……而獲獎
defeat+對手
I defeat you.
3、Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.
名詞加-’s表示所屬關係，構成名詞的所有格。這類名詞往往指有生命的東西，特別是人。所有格的語法作用相當於形容詞，限定後麵的名詞。這個被限定的名詞在上下文中第二次被提到時可以省略，隻要不引起誤解。
4、He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.
make和build在這裏是同義詞，“修建，建造”。make的詞義比較籠統、廣泛，可解釋為“做、作出、製造”等，而build主要限於建築業，指“建造，建設，蓋房子，修築（橋梁）等”
Have you made the skirt by yourself?
They have made a road along the river.
【Key structures】
形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級
比較級相當於漢語中“比……更……”這種句型，最高級則表示在某個範圍“最……”的概念。最高級在使用時前麵通常要加定冠詞the，並有一個短語或從句限定其範圍。
1、比較級和最高級的構成：
① 單音節詞和少數雙音節詞在詞尾加-er，-est，以輔音加-y結尾的詞變-y為-i，再加-er，-est
② 以-e結尾的詞加-r，-st
③ 以一個輔音字母結尾的單音節詞要雙寫最後一個字母，再加-er，-est
④ 三個或者是三個音節以上（多音節）
比較級的構成 : more+原級
最高級的構成 : the most+原級
有一些雙音節詞既可在單詞結尾加-er，-est，也可與more/less和most/least連用，如narrow，clever，common，pleasant等。
clever— cleverer— more clever
fun adj. 快樂
more fun （美國人用）
⑤ 有些構成是不規則的：
good/well(better best)；bad/ill(worse worst)；many/much(more most)；little(less least)；
far(farther further , farthest furthest)
（farther:距離上的遠和更遠，further:程度上的更進一步）
further more(更有甚者)
old(older elder, oldest eldest)
older 比……大
She is older than somebody
elder 做定語修飾其他名詞
elder sister (年長的)姐姐
2、比較級和最高級的用法
在使用比較級時，如果需要把所比較的兩項都提到，那麽就必須比較級後用than：
My room is cleaner than the one next door.
如果比較級之所指很清楚，它可獨立存在：
Which house do you prefer?
I prefer the older one.
最高級的限定範圍一般用of，among，in等介詞短語；限定範圍也可以是從句；如果範圍很清楚，則可以省略。
John is the tallest of the three brother.
This is the coldest day in ten years.
Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.
【Special Difficulties】
every構成的合成詞
every和one，body，thing可以構成複合不定代詞everyone，everybody，everything。Everyone和everybody一般可以替換使用，後麵的代詞既可以用單數，也可以用複數，但它們本身均被視為單數。
Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.
=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do. 每個人都知道自己必須做什麽。
Everything is going well. 一切都很順利。
each和every均可譯為“每一個”，兩者常可互換。every隻能是形容詞性，強調整體，常用來指一個大的、不確定的數目，不能直接做主語；each既可作形容詞，又可作代詞，強調個體，常用以一個確定的並通常是有限的數目，在作代詞時，直接作主語或賓語，使用第三人稱單數
Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.
Enter and Enter for
enter
① vt.&vi. 進入
enter+地點名詞
Always knock on the door before you enter.
② vt.&vi. 參加，加入
We’ve entered into an agreement. 我們已達成一項協議。
He soon entered their conversation.
enter for+表示比賽、競賽、考試的名詞 報名參加, 強調報名
enter for the exam
She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition. 她報名參加數學競賽。
take part in 真正的參加
2 Will you enter ___for___ this week's crossword competition?
crossward 文字遊戲
3 Many athletes have entered ___for___ the Olympic Games this year.
athletes = sportsman 運動員, 體育家
【Multiple choice questions】
3 Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. It is ___b___ .
a. larger garden b. a large garden c. large garden d. largest garden
6 The writer is fond of gardens. ___c___ .
a. They like him b. They like to him c. He likes them d. He likes
be fond of=like
I like sth./ I love sth./ I enjoy sth./I am fond of sth.
8 Joe wins every time. He always ___b___ Bill Frith.
a. wins b. beats c. gains d. earns
對手關係不能用win
defeat v. 擊敗
defeat sb.
beat v. 打敗；打
gain =get sth.
earn vt. 掙得
earn money
9 Joe grows more flowers. More flowers ___a___ in his garden.
a. grow b. grow tall c. grow up d. grow big
grow vt. 種植: grow sth; grow flowers…
vi. 生長: sth. grow; flowers are growing
grow tall/grow big 變得……（一般不加形容詞）
grow up 隻和人連用, 表示人的長大（up adv.表示向上）
10 Joe's garden is interesting. Joe is ___d___ in gardening.
a. interesting b. interest c. interestingly d. interested
sth. is interesting ……是令人感興趣的
be interested in… 對……感興趣
11 The writer doesn't like hard work. It's ___b___ to look after a garden.
a. a hard work b. a hard job c. hard job d. hardly a job
it 作形式主語; 真正的主語是to look after the garden
hard work 繁重的工作
work不可數名詞；job可數名詞
hardly adv.幾乎不
Have you understood me?
Sorry, I have hardly understood you.
12 Every year the writer enters for the garden competition ___b___ .
a. very b. also c. and d. either
very 不單獨使用；and並列連詞, 不放在句子末尾；either也, 表否定
also 表示也, 可以放在句子末尾；often 可以放在句子末尾
