【New words and expressions】（13）
detective n. 偵探
airport n. 機場
expect v. 期待，等待
valuable adj. 貴重的
parcel n. 包裹
diamond n. 鑽石
steal v. 偷
main adj. 主要的
airfield n. 飛機起落的場地
guard n. 警戒，守衛
precious adj. 珍貴的
stone n. 石子
sand n. 沙子
★detective n. 偵探
detective story 偵探小說
★airport n. 機場
★airfield n. 飛機起落的場地
port 港口；airport 航空港
at the airport 在機場
field 田野；airfield 停機坪
on the airfield 在停機坪上
★expect v. 期待, 等待
① vt.&vi. 預計，預料
Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher expected.
正如他老師所預料的那樣，吉姆數學考試沒及格。
② vt. 等待，期待，盼望（心理上的等待）
They are expecting guests tonight. 今晚有人要去他們那裏作客。
expect所表示的等待一般暗含著根據某些信息或規律而作出相應反應的意思，而wait for主要接續“等待”這個動作本身。
expect sth.
I expect a letter from Jimmy.
expect sb.to do sth. 期待某人做某事
I expect you to write back.
I expect my mother to come back.
wait for sth./sb. 動作上的等待
I wait for my mother.
③ vt. 認為，猜想（一般用於口語）
I expect so./I think so. 我希望如此［口語］
I expect you’ve heard the news. 我想你已經聽到這個消息了。
★valuable adj. 貴重的
★precious adj. 珍貴的
value n.&v. 價值；valuable adj.有價值的
sth.is valuable/sth.is precious
precious adj. 珍貴的（帶有一定的感情色彩）
precious photo 珍貴的照片
-less 表否定;
priceless adj. 沒有價格的, 無價的
valueless adj. 沒有價值, 不足道的
worthless adj. 無價值的
★diamond n. 鑽石
diamond ring 鑽石戒指
precious stone 寶石；crystal 水晶；jade 玉
★steal（stole，stolen） v. 偷
① vt.&vi. 偷盜，行竊
英語中“偷”用steal和rob來表達，賓語是物，用steal；賓語是人，用rob；跟地點相連，也用rob
steal sth. 偷(某物)
My wallet was stolen.
John never steals. 約翰從不偷東西。
rob sb. 搶(某人)
I was robbed.
rob the bank
② vt. 巧妙地占用，偷偷地弄到手
He has stolen away Mary’s heart. 他已贏得瑪麗的芳心。
③ vi. 偷偷地行動，悄悄靠近
He stole into the room. 他悄悄地進了房間。
★main adj. 主要的
main building；main street；main sentence；main idea
main不能與人連用
★guard n. 警戒, 守衛
life guard 救生員
body guard 保鏢
keep guard 守望，警戒
They kept a close guard over the thieves. 他們對小偷們嚴加看管。
stand guard 站崗，放哨
【Text】
The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from
參考譯文
飛機誤點了, 偵探們在機場等了整整一上午. 他們正期待從南非來的一個裝著鑽石的貴重包裹. 數小時以前, 有人向警方報告, 說有人企圖偷走這些鑽石. 當飛機到達時, 一些偵探等候在主樓內, 另一些偵探則守候在停機坪上. 有兩個人把包裹拿下飛機, 進了海關. 這時兩個偵探把住門口, 另外兩個偵探打開了包裹. 令他們吃驚的是, 那珍貴的包裹裏麵裝的全是石頭和沙子!
【課文講解】
1、The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.
all一般直接加表示時間的單數名詞構成副詞短語，如：all day，all night，all week，all winter，all year等。但不說all hour。
whole在表達同樣的意思時一般要加冠詞或數詞，如a whole day/year，two whole weeks。
all morning=all the morning
The plane was late 飛機晚(點)了
The bus was late./The train was late.
detectives 沒有強調一些偵探或者那些偵探, 強調偵探這種人，籠統感念, 可不加some, the
2、They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.
a valuable parcel of diamonds
a cup of tea 強調的是茶
South Africa 南非
3、A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.
a few hours earlier 幾個小時以前
= a few hours before/a few hours ago
would +do 過去將來時,間接方式, 轉述, 站在過去看未來
4、When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.
代詞others常常和some連用，表示“有些（人）……，也有些（人）……”或“有的……，其餘的……”
one…the other… 一個……另一個……
some…others… 一些……另一些……
Some students are very hard-working, others are not.
others=other+名詞複數
5、Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.
take sth. off…=take sth. away from…
and carried it into…carried 表示看得很重
Customs House 海關
6、While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!
…were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.
表麵上是分工, 兩個動作同時發生, 不是同時開始同時結束, 延續時間不一致, 長一點時間的動作用進行時態, 短時間的動作用過去時.
When someone knocked at the door, I was having dinner.
keep guard 守衛
They kept a close guard over the thieves.
at the door 在門邊(固定搭配)
two others=two other detectives
to one's surprise,讓某人驚訝的是
To my surprise, the teacher was late.
To one’s +表達人情緒的名詞
to one's joy
To my joy, my mother came here yesterday.
to one's excitement
To our excitement, our team wins.
be full of ...裝滿
My bag was full of books.
The cup is full of water.
【Key structures】
過去進行時
過去進行時的構成：be的過去式+現在分詞
過去進行時和一般過去時經常同在一個句子裏使用。過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作或情況，一般過去時則表示比較短暫的動作或事件。正在進行中的動作或情況往往由連詞when，while，as，just as等引導。
when，while 當……時候（強調動作同時發生）
while+從句, 動詞一定是延續性動詞
when+延續性動詞/瞬間動詞
while能用when代替，但是when卻不一定能用while代替。while通常隻引導持續時間較長的動作，並且主句和從句可以同時用過去進行時，而when和as一般不這麽用。
John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.
Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.
when也可以引導比較短暫的動作，while和as則一般不行。
We were having supper when the lights went out.
過去進行時往往與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如all morning，all night，all day，all evening，the whole week等，表示這段時間一直在幹什麽。
What were you doing all evening? I couldn’t find you anywhere.
過去動作同時發生的時態
① 過去兩個動作同時發生, 習慣上一個用一般過去時, 另一個用過去進行時；動作長用過去進行時, 動作短用一般過去時; 分工的情況, 動作的開始時間和結束時間幾乎相同, 均用過去進行時;
I was listening to the radio, my sister was dancing.
When my mother was doing the housework, my father was watching TV.
② 兩個動作在同時段進行, 在不同時間結束, 先發生的動作未結束, 另一個動作發生, 先發生的動作用進行時態, 另一個動作用過去時.
When I was opening the door, the telephone rang.先開門
When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door. 電話先響
③ 瞬間動詞（如：arrive）沒有進行時態, 所以兩個動作同時發生, 延續性動詞用進行時態, 瞬間動詞使用過去時態.
When he arrived, I was having dinner.
I am arriving 進行時態表示將要
Exercises D
1 As my father ______ (leave) the house, the postman ______ (arrive).
was leaving；arrived(兩個瞬間動詞同時發生可能性很小, 應具體分析, 故用進行時態表將來)
5 While mother ______ (prepare) lunch, Janet ______ (set) the table.
set the table擺桌子
was preparing；set
【Special Difficulties】
短語動詞中的小品詞
許多動詞加上介詞或副詞後就會改變詞義，這些介詞和副詞通常被稱為小品詞。它們沒有詞形的變化。有些小品詞既可以作介詞又可以作副詞。判斷一個小品詞是副詞還是介詞要看小品詞有沒有帶賓語。有賓語的是介詞，沒有賓語的是副詞，介詞的位置相對固定，不能變動。
① vi.&vt.+ prep./adv.+賓語(n.)
She is walking up the hill.
② vt.+賓語(n./pron.)+adv.
take off the coat =take the coat off =take it off
put on your shoes =put your shoes on =put them on
I always take money with me.我身上總帶些錢
Exercise
11 They have pulled down the old building.
pull down… （pull
pull one's leg 開玩笑
You are pulling my leg.你開我玩笑
12 Make up your mind.
make up…--->make up one's mind 習慣用法不換,語法上可換
13 He asked for permission to leave.
ask for…-->ask (sb.) for sth. 其實是省略sb.故不可換
【Multiple choice questions】
5 Someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. This happened ___a___ the plane arrived.
a. before b. after c. when d. as soon as
兩個動作先後發生(一個動作結束, 另一個動作才發生)用過去完成時
before 在……之前；as soon as 一……就
9 The parcel was valuable. It was ___c___ .
a. worth b. worthy c. precious d. value
valuable= precious
value n. 價值
worth v. 值得……，後麵一定要加詞
something is worth…
The book is worth reading. (動名詞)
The book is worth three dollars.
worthy adj. 有價值的
be worthy of… 值得……
This book is worthy of being read [to be read]. 這本書值得一讀.
acts worthy of punishment 應該受處分的行為
worthless adj. 無價值的
something is worthless(後麵不加任何東西)
10 The thieves wanted to ___b___ the diamonds.
a. rob b. steal c. take from d. take to
加something做賓語的一定是steal
