【New words and expressions】（5）
until prep. 直到
outside adv. 外麵
ring v. （鈴、電話等）響（rang, rung）
aunt n. 姑，姨，嬸，舅母
repeat v. 重複
★until prep.直到
until用於表示動作、狀態等的持續，可譯為“一直到……為止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它與表示持續性狀態的動詞連用，表示持續到某一時刻：
I’ll wait here until 5. 我會在這裏等到5點鍾。
His father was alive until he came back. 直到他回來為止,他爸爸都是活著的.
在否定句中，它通常與描述短暫動作的動詞連用，表示“到……為止”、“直到……才”：
She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6點才能來。
His father didn't die until he came back. 直到他回來,他爸爸才死.
until（後的從句）的時間終止之前,這個動作做了還是沒做？做了前麵的主句用肯定；沒做前麵的主句用否定
For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining.
A. waited B. didn't wait
A. leave B. left C. didn't leave
I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.
I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.
★outside adv. 外麵（作狀語）
He is waiting for me outside.
It is cold outside.
★ring(rang. rung) v.(鈴、電話等)響
① vt. 鳴，(鈴、電話等)響(這種響是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)
Every morning the clock rings at 6.
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
而風鈴等響要用jingle，jingle (bell) (鈴兒) 響叮當
② vt. 打電話給（美語中用call）
ring sb. 給某人打電話
Tomorrow I'll ring you.
③ n. （打）電話
give sb. a ring
Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.
④ n. 戒指
★aunt n. 姑,姨,嬸,舅媽(所有長一輩的女性都用這個稱呼)
男性則是uncle: 叔叔
他們的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)
cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女
★repeat v. 重複
① vt. 重複
Will you repeat the last word?
They are repeating that wonderful paly.
② vi. 重做，重說
Please repeat after me.
Don’t repeat.
【Text】
It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.'
'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.
'What are you doing?' she asked.
'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.
'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!'
參考譯文：
那是個星期天, 而在星期天我是從來不早起的, 有時我要一直躺到吃午飯的時候. 上個星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外麵一片昏暗. “鬼天氣!” 我想, “又下雨了. “正在這時, 電話鈴響了. 是我姑母露西打來的. “我剛下火車, “她說, “我這就來看你. “
“但我還在吃早飯, “我說.
“你在幹什麽?” 她問道.
“我正在吃早飯, “我又說了一遍.
“天啊, “她說, “你總是起得這麽晚嗎?現在已經1點鍾了!”
【課文講解】
1、It was Sunday.
it指時間、天氣、溫度或距離，it被稱為“虛主語”（empty subject）。作為第三人稱單數的中性代詞，it可以指一件東西、一件事件或用來指是什麽人：
It is a lovely baby.
2、I never get up early on Sundays.
on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,與一般現在時連用，表示經常性的行為。
介詞on一般用於表示某一天的時間短語中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day
當使用last，next，this，that時，介詞（以及定冠詞）必須省略：
I’ll see you next/this Friday.
never 從來不 (可以直接用在動詞前麵)=助動詞+not (變成否定句,前麵一定要加助動詞)
I don't like her.=I never like her.
3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.
在表達臥床時bed前不需加冠詞：
It’s time for bed now.
You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 你必須再臥床兩天。
4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.
just then: 就在那時
如果不知道對方性別, 他/她可以用it取代
Who are you?/Who is it ?
5、I've just arrived by train,
by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修飾詞, 複數)；如果加修飾詞, 就要換掉by用in或on
I go out by bus.
I go out in/on two buses. （指具體的兩輛車介詞用in/on）
Long ago people could go to
如果是特指的交通工具，則要加冠詞或其他限定詞：
My aunt left by the 9:15 train.
by air 乘飛機 by bicycle/bike 騎自行車
by boat 乘船 by bus 乘公共汽車
by car 乘小汽車 by land 由陸路
by plane 乘飛機 by sea 由海路
by ship 乘船 by train 乘火車
6、I'm coming to see you. 我將要來看你.
用 come 的現在進行時態 be coming 表示一般將來，表示近期按計劃或安排要進行的動作。同樣用法的動詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…
7、Dear me!
天哪!英國人說Dear me!或My dear!
美國人說 : My god! [^Cd] ([C]發啊的音)注意美英的發音不同.
【Key structures】
現在進行時和一般現在時
現在進行時表示說話的當時正在發生或正在發生的事件,也用來表示現階段(一段時間)的動向。現在進行時常與now，just，still等副詞連用：
I am working as a teacher. "現階段"
He is still sleeping. （現在還在睡覺）
Jane is just dressing up. 簡正在打扮。
一般現在時表示習慣性動作, 真理, 是過去、現在和未來都會發生的事情。一般現在時一般與頻率副詞often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等連用。
Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.
頻率副詞往往放在句子中的實義動詞前, 非實義動詞後；如果既有實義動詞又有非實義動詞, 要放在兩個之間；疑問句中副詞往往放在主語後麵。
非實義動詞 :
① 係動詞(be)
②幫助動詞構成時態的助動詞(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)
③ 情態動詞(must, can, may) 除此之外都是實義動詞.
I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容詞作狀語）
He went to school hungry.餓著肚子上學.
You must come here hungry.空腹來這裏.
【Special Difficulties】
以what開頭的感歎句：
在英語中可用what引導的感歎句來表示驚奇、憤怒、讚賞、喜悅等感情，在感歎中主謂語采用正常語序。
What 對名詞感歎，感歎句的結構為：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主語+謂語)!
What a good girl (she is)! （主、謂可省）
有上下文和一定的語境, 才能省略形容詞。一般省略形容詞表示批評或不大好的意思。
What a thing to say! 多麽難聽的話啊！
What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!
【Multiple choice questions】
5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up ___a___ .
a. late b. lately c. slowly d. hardly
late
lately
How are you going lately? 最近一段時間身體還好嗎?
8 He ___a___ out of the window and saw that it was raining.
a. looked b. saw c. remarked d. watched
look
see <
watch <
look at pictures (對)；watch pictures(錯)
11 Breakfast is the first ___d___ of the day.
a. food b. dinner c. lunch d. meal
lunch 中餐 food 食物
dinner 正餐
一天中最豐盛的那頓飯, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但決不會是早餐.
meal 一頓飯
