【惠蘭的翻譯】《...指南》前言,English/Chinese

《全國保護地體係保護融資計劃指南及早期教程》（前言，英漢對照）
原文: 馬龍·弗洛雷斯, 吉列爾莫·裏韋羅, 費爾南多·萊昂, 吉列爾莫·陳等
漢譯：惠蘭 



Financial Planning for National Systems of Protected Areas: Guidelines and Early Lessons
By Marlon Flores, Guillermo Rivero, Fernando León, Guillermo Chan, et al.Translated by Huilan

The Nature Conservancy

One of the greatest challenges facing governments and their partner organizations is the need to develop financially sustainable protected area systems and solid organizations able to efficiently manage these natural assets. Although some progress has been achieved over the past decades, to date most protected area systems around the world are still severely under funded. In most cases, protected areas are still dependent upon limited national budget allocations, support from international conservation organizations and short-term international funding though projects. During the 7th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity in February 2004, 188 national governments adopted the Global Program of Action on Protected Areas to support establishment of comprehensive, ecologically representative, and effectively financed and managed regional and national protected areas. This contributed to the three objectives on the Convention and the 2010 Goal to significantly reduce the rate of biodiversity loss. Although the 2004 Global Program of Action on Protected Areas reinvigorated many government’s commitments to finance protected areas, there has not been a significant increase in funding to protected areas. The budgets of the national systems of protected areas are mostly composed of contributions from central governments, international cooperation, and protected area self-generated revenues. When comparing the existing budgets of the national systems of protected areas with their financing needs, there is evidence of large deficits. For example, recent financial analysis of the national systems of protected areas of Ecuador, Peru, and Costa Rica, estimate annual deficits of US$6, US$9, and US$17 million, respectively. For example, recent financial analysis of the national systems of protected areas of Ecuador, Peru, and Costa Rica, estimate annual deficits of US$6, US$9, and US$17 million, respectively. It has been documented by known experts that the aggregated deficit is alarming at global and national levels, and particularly acute in developing nations. It has been documented by known experts that the aggregated deficit is alarming at global and national levels, and particularly acute in developing nations. In order to achieve the financial sustainability of national systems of protected areas it is critical to take into account the need to increase the capacity to self generate additional revenue at national levels, including market value of payments for ecosystems services such as water service, carbon sequestration, and scenic beauty. On the other hand, it is equally important to improve the institutional capacity to adequately manage financial resources and carry out the necessary legal and regulatory reform to enable reliable long-term funding. With support from The Nature Conservancy and other members of the CFA (Conservation Finance Alliance), I am pleased to present this new publication that includes practical, accessible, and easy to use methods for improving financial planning, and a road map for the implementation of business-oriented financial plans for the national systems of protected areas.

 

Antonio Brack

Minister of Environment of Peru

October, 2008

 

大自然保護協會

 

目前，政府與他們的合作組織麵臨的最大的挑戰之一，就是需要建立財政上可持續保護地係統，以及有能力去有效地管理這些自然資產的堅實組織。雖然在過去幾十年期間取得了一些成就，但迄今為止，多數世界範圍內的被保護區體係的資金，仍然嚴重不足。在大多數情況下,保護地仍然要依靠有限的國家預算撥款，從國際環保組織和短期國際資助項目獲得支持。

 

2004年2月，在生物多樣性第7次會議期間，188個國家的政府通過了以支持建立全麵、典型生態代表和有效地提供資金和管理的區域和國家保護區為重點的“支持保護地全球行動計劃。”這有助於生物多樣性保護公約三個目標和2010目標的實現，並可大大降低生物多樣性喪失的速率。 

 

盡管2004全球保護地行動計劃使得許多政府都紛紛承諾，為保護地提供財政支持,但保護地的資金卻並沒有顯著增加。全國保護地體係的預算由中央政府、國際合作機構和保護地的自創收益幾個部分組成。全國保護地體係的現有預算與他們的資金需要相比，有證據表明，已出現了大量的赤字。例如，對厄瓜多爾、秘魯和哥斯達黎加的全國保護地體係的最新財務分析表明，估計每年的赤字分別為六百萬美元、九百萬美元和一千七百萬美元。據知名專家引證，從全球和國家的標準來看，累計的赤字十分驚人，而發展中國家的情形更為嚴重。

 

為了實現全國保護地體係的財政可持續發展，關鍵是要考慮到需要在國家層麵上增加自創性額外收入，其中包括具有市場價值的生態係統有償服務。例如提供水資源服務、碳匯服務和景觀遊憩服務等等。另一方麵同樣重要的是，以加強體製能力建設，從而合理管理財政資源和進行必要的法律和規章製度改革，來獲得可靠的長期資助。 

 

得到大自然保護協會和CFA（保護融資聯盟）其他成員的支持，我很高興引薦這本包括以實際、容易理解和使用的方法來改善融資規劃，以及為全國保護地體係贏利為目的財政計劃執行路線圖的新出版物。 

 

    安東尼奧·布雷克

    秘魯環境部長

                       2008年10月