美國看病常識(6)---常見血液檢查及參考值(中英對照)

        以下值來自我的醫院實驗室，僅供參考。
        各醫院、各實驗室的值會有些差別，請參照自己的血液檢查報告的正常值。

1. Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)（基礎代謝檢查）:

        是一組有八項的血液化學檢查。包括四項電解質：鈉、鉀、氯、碳酸氫鹽；兩項反應腎功能的血尿素氮+肌酐，加上血糖和鈣。

test	Reference range in US Units	Reference Range in SI Units	To Convert US to SI Unit (multiplied by)
Sodium (Na+) 鈉	135--145 mEq/L	135--145 mmol/L	x 1
Potassium (K+) 鉀	3.5--5.0 mEq/L	3.5--5.0 mmol/L	x 1
Chloride ( Cl-) 氯	97--109 mEq/L	97--109 mmol/L	x 1
Bicarbonate (HCO3−) or CO2 碳酸氫鹽	HCO3- 22--26 mEq/L; PaCO2 35--45 mmHg.	HCO3- 22--26 mmol/L; PaCO2 4.7--6.0 kPa	x1;
Blood Urea Nitrogen ( BUN) 血尿素氮	6--22 mg/dL	increased in acute glomerulonephritis,obstructive uropathy,mercury poisoning,nephrotic syndrome	decreased in severe hepatic failure,pregnancy
Creatinine 肌酐	0.7--1.4 mg/dL	62--124 µmol/L	x 88.5
Glucose 血糖	fasting: 70--110mg/dL; Postprandial(2 hours):65--140mg/dL.	3.85--6.05 mmol/L; 3.58--7.7 mmol/L.	x 0.055
Calcium ( Ca2+) 鈣	8.5--10.5 mg/dL	2.12--2.62 mmol/L	x 0.25

2.Complete Blood Count (CBC)（全血細胞計數）:

test	中文	Reference range in US Units	Reference Range in SI Units
WBC (White blood cell count/Leukocyte count)	白細胞數	4,500--11,000/cu mm	4.5--11x109/L
Neutrophils (WBC differential count)	嗜中性粒細胞	45%--73%	Number fraction: 0.45--0.73
Eosinophils (WBC differential count)	嗜酸性粒細胞	0%--4%	Number fraction: 0.00--0.04
Basophils (WBC differential count)	嗜堿性粒細胞	0%--1%	Number fraction: 0.00--0.01
Lymphocytes (WBC differential count)	淋巴細胞	20%--40%	Number fraction: 0.2--0.4
Monocytes (WBC differential count)	單核細胞	2%--8%	Number fraction: 0.02--0.08
RBC (Red blood cell count/Erythrocyte count)	紅細胞數	Males: 4.3--6.2x106/cu mm; Females: 3.8--5.5x106/cu mm	Males: 4.3--6.2x1012/L; Females: 3.8--5.5x1012/L
Hemoglobin	血紅蛋白或血色素	Males:13--18 gm/dL; Females:12--16gm/dL.	Males: 2.02--2.79 mmol/L; Females:1.86--2.48 mmol/L.
Hematocrit	紅細胞比容 / 比積	Males:42%--52%; Females:35%--47%.	Volume fraction:0.42--0.52; Volume fraction: 0.35--0.47.
MCV (Mean corpuscular volume)	平均紅細胞容積	84--96 cu mm	84--96 fL
MCH (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin)	平均血紅蛋白量	28--33 pg/cell	28--33 pg/cell
MCHC (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)	平均血紅蛋白濃度	33%--35%	concentration fraction: 0.33--0.35
Platelet count (thrombocyte count)	血小板	150,000--450,000/cu mm	0.15--0.45x1012/L
MPV (Mean platelet volume)	血小板平均體積	2.65 to 2.9 µm	9.7–12.8 fL

3.Arterial Blood Gas(ABG)（動脈血氣分析）:

test	中文	Reference range in US Units	ReferenceRange in SI Units
pH	pH值	7.35–7.45	7.35–7.45
H+	氫離子	35–45 nmol/L(nM)	35–45 nmol/L(nM)
PaO2	血氧	80–100 mmHg	9.3–13.3 kPa
PaCO2	二氧化碳	35–45 mmHg	4.7–6.0 kPa
HCO3−	碳酸氫鹽	22–26 mEq/L	22--26 mmol/L
O2 sat	血氧飽和度	95 - 99%	95 - 99%

4. Liver Function Tests（肝功能檢查）：

Standard Liver Panel (標準肝功能檢查)：

test	中文	Reference range in US Units	Reference Range in SI Units
Albumin (Alb)	白蛋白	3.5--5.0 g/dL	35--50 g/L
Alanine transaminase (ALT) or (SGPT)	穀丙轉氨酶/穀氨酸轉氨酶	9--60 U/L	9--60 U/L
Aspartate transaminase (AST) or(SGOT)	天冬氨酸氨基轉移酶	10--40 U/L	10--40 U/L
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)	堿性磷酸酶	30--120 U/L	30--120 U/L
Total bilirubin (TBIL)	總膽紅素	0.1--1.2 mg/dL	1.7--20.4 µmol/L
Direct bilirubin	直接膽紅素	0--0.3 mg/dL	0--5.1 µmol/L
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)	γ-穀氨酰轉肽酶	0--51 U/L	0--51 U/L

5. Protein Tests（蛋白質檢查）：

         蛋白質檢查可以反映身體的營養狀況，並幫助檢查和診斷肝、腎及其他疾病。有時候在症狀出現前就可以通過這一測定先發現不正常。若總蛋白（total protein）不正常，必須做進一步的測試，以確定哪些特定的蛋白質異常地高或低而得出診斷。

test	中文	Reference range in US Units	Reference Range in SI Units
Human serum albumin	人血白蛋白	3.5--5.0 g/dL	35--50 g/L
Serum total protein	血清總蛋白	6.5--8.5 g/dL	65--85 g/L

6. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)（綜合代謝檢查）：

        是一組有十四項的常規血液化學檢查。BMP（八項）+ Protein Tests（Human serum albumin，Serum total protein）+ Liver Function Tests（ALP，ALT，AST，Bilirubin）。目的是檢查肝腎功能、電解質和體液平衡。具體請看1. BMP, 4. Liver Function Tests 和 5. ProteinTests 表裏相關的值，這裏不再列表贅述。


7. Iron Tests（檢查血中的鐵）:

        是測定血中鐵的含量、血液運輸鐵的能力和鐵的儲存量。用於各型貧血的鑒別診斷（如：缺鐵性貧血、再生障礙性貧血、鐵粒幼紅細胞貧血和慢性溶血性貧血等）。需空腹12小時抽靜脈血檢查。

test	中文	Reference range in US Units	Reference Range in SI Units
Serum iron	血清鐵（血液內遊離的鐵離子）	Male: 65-177 μg/dL; Female: 50-170 μg/dL	Male: 11.6-31.7 µmol/L; Female: 9.0-30.4 μmol/L
TIBC(Total iron-binding capacity)	血清總鐵結合力/血清運鐵容量	240--450 µg/dL	43.0--80.6 µmol/L
UIBC(Unsaturated iron-binding capacity)	未飽和鐵結合力	The UIBC is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the TIBC.	UIBC= TIBC- Serum iron
Transferrin saturation (= Serum iron/ TIBC)	運鐵蛋白飽和度	Male: 20-50%; Female: 15-50%
Serum Ferritin	血清鐵蛋白（血液內結合狀態的鐵，檢查體內鐵缺乏的最靈敏的指標）	Males: 20--250 ng/mL; Females: 12--250 ng/mL	Males: 20--250 µg/L; Females: 12--250 µg/L

8. Lipid profile(Lipid panel)（血脂檢查） ：

         高血脂增加心血管疾病的風險。需空腹12小時抽靜脈血檢查。

test	中文	Reference range in US Units	Reference Range in SI Units
Total cholesterol	總膽固醇	recommended <200 mg/dL; moderate risk 200--239 mg/dL; high risk >240 mg/dL.	<5.2 mmol/L; 5.2--6.2 mmol/L; >6.24 mmol/L
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (good cholesterol )	高密度脂蛋白膽固醇 （好膽固醇）	major risk factor <40 mg/dL; negative risk factor >59 mg/dL	x 0.026=mmol/L
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (bad cholesterol )	低密度脂蛋白膽固醇 （壞膽固醇）	recommended <129 mg/dL; moderate risk 130--159 mg/dL; high risk >159 mg/dL.	x 0.026=mmol/L
Triglycerides	三酸甘油酯/甘油三酯	recommended 30--149 mg/dL (<160)	x 0.011=mmol/L

9.Thyroid function test（甲狀腺功能檢查）:

test	中文	Reference range in US Units	Reference Range in SI Units	Interpretation
TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)/Serum thyrotropin	甲狀腺刺激激素/促甲狀腺素	0.4--6 mIU/L 0.3 to 3.0 mIU/L(as of 2003 )	0.4--6 mIU/L	<0.4(低) ---possible hyperthyroidism(甲亢) ; >6(高) ---hypothyroidism(甲減). Note: the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists has revised these guidelines as of early 2003, narrowing the range to 0.3 to 3.0.
T3 / Serum triiodothyronine	血清三碘甲狀腺素	80 to 220 ng/dL	1.23--3.39 nmol/L	<80(低)---hypothyroidism(甲減); >220(高)---Pregnancy,hyperthyroidism(甲亢)
Total T4 / Serum thyroxine	血清甲狀腺素	4.5--12.5 µg/dL	58.5--162.5 nmol/L	<4.5 can be indicative of an underfunctioning thyroid when TSH is also elevated. >12.5(高)---hyperthyroidism(甲亢). Low T4 with low TSH can sometimes indicate a pituitary problem.
Free T4 / Free Thyroxine	遊離甲狀腺	0.7 to 2.0 ng/dL	9.0--25.8 pmol/L	<0.7 ---possible hypothyroidism(甲減)

10.Clotting factor（凝血因子）：
 

test	中文	Reference range in US Units	Clinical significance
Prothrombin time	凝血酶原時間	12–15 seconds	Prolonged by deficiency of factors I,II,V,VII, and X, fat malabsorption, severe liver disease, coumadin anticoagulant therapy.
INR (international normalized ratio )	國際標準化比值	1.0 2--3 for therapy in atrial fibrilation,deep vein thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism; 2.5--3.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valves	INR used to standardize the prothrombin time and anticoagulation therapy.
Partial thromboplastin time (activated)	活化部分凝血激酶時間	25--30 seconds	Prolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen,factors II,V,VIII, IX,X,XI, and XII,and in heparin therapy.
Thrombin time	凝血酶時間	10--15 seconds	Prolonged by heparin, fibrin degradation products, lupus anticoagulant.

11.Cardiac marker（心髒病指標） :

        雖然仍有醫院、有醫生在做CPK-MB test，但這裏隻介紹一個目前被認為是檢測急性心肌梗塞（Acute Myocardial Infarction）最靈敏的檢測法---Troponin test (Troponin I (肌鈣蛋白I) onset: 4-6 hrs, peak: 12-24 hrs, return to normal: 4-7 days).

Troponin I  Reference Range	Interpretation   (判讀)
0.00--0.09	Normal
0.10--0.60	Possible indication of myocardial damage,  unstable angina, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, cardiac surgery or invasive testing. Clinical correlation is required.
>0.60	May indicate significant myocardial injury. Clinical correlation is required.

12.Cancer marker（癌症指標）:

      這些指標不是診斷癌症的專屬的、特異性指標，很多非腫瘤的、偶然的身體變化也可能使這些指標不正常，所以它們隻能作為一種參考或評估治療前後的參考值。請不要心慌，讓自己的醫生根據具體情況來判讀結果。

test	中文	Reference range in US Units	Clinical significance
AFP (Alpha fetoprotein)	甲胎蛋白	<10 µg/L	Often elevated in liver cancers (hepatocellular) and testicular cancers (non-seminomatous). Raised levels are also present during pregnancy or some gastrointestinal cancers.
CA 15-3	CA 15-3	<30 IU/L	Increased in metastatic breast. Raised levels are also present in other non-malignant conditions (eg. cirrhosis, benign diseases of ovaries & breast).
CA 19-9	CA 19-9	<37 IU/L	Increased in pancreatic,hepatobiliary,gastric,and colorectal cancer,gallstones .Its level is best evaluated along with CEA marker test.
CA125	CA125	<35 IU/L	Increased in colon, upper gastrointestinal(GI),ovarian, and other gynecologic cancers; during menstruation,pregnancy or individuals with ovarian cysts,pericarditis,hepatitis,cirrhosis of the liver or peritonitis.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)	癌胚抗原	0-2.5 µg/L(nonsmoker); 0-5 µg/L(smoker)	CEA was first identified in colon cancer. Elevated CEA levels are found in a variety of cancers other than colonic, including pancreatic, gastric, lung, and breast. It is also detected in benign conditions including cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic lung disease, and pancreatitis.
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)	前列腺特異性抗原	0-4 ng/ml	PSA is prostate-specific, not cancer-specific. A variety of conditions can raise PSA levels: prostatitis (prostate inflammation), benign prostatic hypertrophy (prostate enlargement), and prostate cancer.

*本係列專為新移民而寫。都是網友發QQH到我的信箱裏常問的問題。因悄悄話的版麵有限，把答複的內容寫在自己的博客裏，並公開貼在健康養生壇。到目前為止已完成六篇。感謝網友、健康壇版主和網管大人的熱心支持（隻寫了一部分時就被貼出），這是最後的完整版，介紹常見的12項檢查內容。它是最費時費力的一篇---要製表，要核對數據和單位。無高深的醫學知識，隻是把它們歸類整理出來，供參考之用。但請參照自己的檢驗報告裏的正常範圍，因為各實驗室的檢驗方法和儀器會有誤差，而且需要醫生結合你的情況來判讀你的檢驗結果。千萬不要隻看到自己的某一項指標偏高或偏低就心慌了---單方麵一個指標的不正常有時是沒有臨床意義的。請谘詢你的醫生，由醫生來下結論。

謝謝大家，特別是給我留QQH的網友的信任。下一篇的題目是：各種疼痛的英文表達（the 5th vital sign---pain)(也是一網友要求的。但最近較忙，盡量一星期後完成。）*
 


（歡迎轉載。敬請注明出處，謝謝！）



**今天（09/30/2010）補加一個《中國醫學院畢業並在美行醫的醫生名錄》鏈接，方便查找美國各州行醫的各科中國醫生，請點擊： http://physician.cmgforum.net/

[東台魚湯麵]

非常感謝！！！

[漂亮姑娘]

很有幫助，不用一個個去網上查了，特別感謝分享！

[tobyd_媽媽07]

謝謝分享！很有用的內容！

[Bordeaux94]

收藏了，謝謝

[gladys]

非常感謝

[道具]

非常感謝，辛苦了！

[ZTM]

Thanks a lot! Do you know how to attach an excel or word of Microsoft file to wenxuecity? that way we can print the tables without loosing or messing data.

[悠哉]

謝謝，收藏了。

[hxzq]

太有用了。在此致以最高敬意。

[東風漫浸]

You did a great job. It helps me a lot.

A little suggestion: it will be nice if you can contribute more time to give a review for each value - what happen if a value is high/low.

[閩姑]

回複CeeQL、Da_yu、schou333、irisxi、南福上加哈侯、sxs、 一方硯、pzhaofliu、群思、asalways、米德1 的評論:
謝謝誇獎！有用就好。祝各位好！

[CeeQL]

謝謝您！

[Da_yu]

thanks

[schou333]

謝謝！

[irisxi]

Thanks very much! Very useful!

[南福上加哈侯]

good!

[sxs]

可別刪除，太感謝了。

[一方硯]

太感謝了，最近有很多化驗單，自己查了很多仍不太明白，這個真是及時雨。

[pzhaofliu]

太好了。多謝。

[群思]

謝謝！ 很有用

[asalways]

太有用了，謝謝你！！

[米德1]

很實用
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