道德經聚會主題（10）- 知者不言（56-58）

聚會日期：2013年2月7日，12點

探討內容：

Experience vs Words

Politics: policies formed from peace

帛本：

知者弗言，言者弗知。塞其兌，閉其門，知其光，同其塵，挫其銳，解其紛。是謂玄同。故不可得而親，亦不可得而疏；不可得而利，亦不可得而害；不可得而貴，亦不可得而賤；故為天下貴。

以正治邦，以奇用兵，以無事取天下。吾何以知其然也哉？夫天下多忌諱，而民彌貧。民多利器而邦家滋昏。人多智巧，而奇物滋起。法物滋彰，而盜賊多有。是以聖人之言曰：我無為也，而民自化；我好靜而民自正，我無事而民自富，我欲不欲而民自樸。

其政悶悶，其民屯屯。其政察察，其民缺缺。禍，福之所倚；福，禍之所伏，孰知其極。其無正也，正複為奇，善複為妖，人之迷也，其日固久矣。是以方而不割，廉而不刺，直而不絏，光而不燿。

參照其他本:

知者不言，言者不知。塞其兌，閉其門；挫其銳，解其紛；和其光，同其塵，是謂玄同。故不可得而親，不可得而疏；不可得而利，不可得而害；不可得而貴，不可得而賤；故為天下貴。

以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下。吾何以知其然哉？以此：天下多忌諱，而民彌貧；人多利器，國家滋昏；人多伎巧，奇物滋起；法令滋彰，盜賊多有。故聖人雲："我無為，而民自化；我好靜，而民自正；我無事，而民自富；我無欲，而民自樸。"

其政悶悶，其民淳淳；其政察察，其民缺缺。禍兮，福之所倚；福兮，禍之所伏。孰知其極：其無正也。正複為奇，善複為妖。人之迷，其日固久。是以聖人方而不割，廉而不劌，直而不肆，光而不耀。

英文對照

56.1 Who understands does not preach; Who preaches does not understand. 
56.2 Reserve your judgments and words; Smooth differences and forgive disagreements; Dull your wit and simplify your purpose; Accept the world. 
56.3 Then, Friendship and enmity, Profit and loss, Honour and disgrace, Will not affect you; The world will accept you. 

57.1 Do not control the people with laws, Nor violence nor espionage, But conquer them with inaction. 
57.2 For: The more morals and taboos there are, The more cruelty afflicts people; The more guns and knives there are, The more factions divide people; 
57.3 The more arts and skills there are, The more change obsoletes people; The more laws and taxes there are, The more theft corrupts people. 
57.4 Yet take no action, and the people nurture each other; Make no laws, and the people deal fairly with each other; 
57.5 Own no interest, and the people cooperate with each other; Express no desire, and the people harmonize with each other. 

58.1 When government is lazy and informal The people are kind and honest; When government is efficient and severe The people are discontented and deceitful. 
58.2 Good fortune follows upon disaster; Disaster lurks within good fortune; 
58.3 Who can say how things will end? Perhaps there is no end. Honesty is ever deceived; Kindness is ever seduced; Men have been like this for a long time. 
58.4 So the sage is firm but not cutting, Pointed but not piercing, Straight but not rigid, Bright but not blinding.

另一英文版本翻譯

56.1 He who knows (the Principle), does not speak. 
56.2 He keeps his mouth closed, controls his breathing, blunts his activity, rescues himself from any complication, tempers his light, And mingles with people. This is mysterious union (with the Principle). 
56.3 No one can attach himself (by doing favours) to such a man, nor repulse him (by treating him badly). He is indifferent to gain or loss, exaltation or humiliation. Being thus, he is the most noble in the world. 

57.1 One can govern with rectitude, one can wage war with competence, but it takes non-action to win and hold the empire. How do I know that this is so? From what I am going to say: 
57.2 The more rules there are, the less people enrich themselves. The more taxes there are, the less order there is. 
57.3 The more ingenious inventions there are, the fewer serious and useful objects there are. The more detailed the penal code, the more thieves abound. Multiplication ruins everything. 
57.4 Therefore the programme of the Sage is quite the contrary. Not acting, And the people amend themselves. Staying peaceful, And the people rectify themselves. 
57.5 Doing nothing, And the people enrich themselves. Wishing for nothing, And the people come back to natural spontaneity. 

58.1 When the government is simple, the people abound in virtue. When the government is political, the people lack virtue. 
58.2 Good and bad succeed one anther, alternately. 
58.3 Who will discern the heights? (of this circular movement, of good and evil. It is very delicate, an excess or a default changing the moral entity). In many the right measure is lacking. In some an exaggerated righteousness degenerates into a mania. In others an exaggerated goodness becomes extravagance. (Points of view changing in consequence. For a long time now, men have thus been crazy. 
58.4 The Sage takes them as they are). Taking them to task, he is not sharp or cutting. Straight, he is not rude. Enlightened, he does not humiliate.