道德經聚會主題（8）- 出生入死（50-52）

聚會日期：2013年31日，12點

探討內容：

The immortal soul

The virtue of soul

The home of soul

帛本：

出生入死。生之徒十有三，死之徒十有三，而民生生，動皆之死地之十有三。夫何故也？以其生生也。蓋聞善執生者，陵行不避兕虎，入軍不被甲兵。兕無所投其角，虎無所措其爪，兵無所容其刃。夫何故也？以其無死地焉。

道生之而德畜之，物形之而器成之。是以萬物尊道而貴德。道之尊，德之貴也，夫莫之爵，而恒自然也。道生之、畜之、長之、育之、亭之、毒之、養之、覆之。生而弗有也，為而弗恃也，長而弗宰也。此之謂玄德。

天下有始，以為天下母。既得其母，以知其子；既知其子，複守其母，沒身不殆。塞其兌，閉其門，終身不堇。啟其兌，濟其事，終身不棘。見小曰明，守柔曰強。用其光，複歸其明。毋遺身殃，是謂襲常。

參照其他本（通行本50, 51,52章）：

出生入死，生之徒，十有三；死之徒，十有三；人之生，動之於死地，亦十有三。夫何故？以其生生之厚。蓋聞善攝生者，陸行不遇兕虎，入軍不被甲兵。兕無所投其角，虎無所措其爪，兵無所容其刃。夫何故？以其無死地。

道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之。是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德。道之尊，德之貴，夫莫之命而常自然。故道生之，德畜之，長之育之，亭之毒之；養之覆之。生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰，是謂玄德。

天下有始，以為天下母。既得其母，以知其子；既知其子，複守其母，沒身不殆。塞其兌，閉其門，終身不勤。開其兌，濟其事，終身不救。見小曰明，守柔曰強。用其光，複歸其明，無遺身殃；是為襲常。

英文對照

50.1 Men flow into life, and ebb into death. 
50.2 Some are filled with life; Some are empty with death; Some hold fast to life, and thereby perish, For life is an abstraction. 
50.3 Those who are filled with life Need not fear tigers and rhinos in the wilds, Nor wear armour and shields in battle; 
50.4 The rhinoceros finds no place in them for its horn, The tiger no place for its claw, The soldier no place for a weapon, For death finds no place in them. 

51.1 The Way bears all things; Harmony nurtures them; Nature shapes them; Use completes them. Each follows the Way and honours harmony, 
51.2 Not by law, But by being. The Way bears, nurtures, shapes, completes, Shelters, comforts, and makes a home for them. 
51.3 Bearing without possessing, Nurturing without taming, Shaping without forcing, This is harmony. 

52.1 The origin of the world is its mother; 
52.2 Understand the mother, and you understand the child; Embrace the child, and you embrace the mother, Who will not perish when you die. 
52.3 Reserve your judgments and words And you maintain your influence; 
52.4 Speak your mind and take positions And nothing will save you. 
52.5 As observing detail is clarity, So maintaining flexibility is strength; 
52.6 Use the light but shed no light, So that you do yourself no harm, But embrace clarity.

另一英文版本翻譯

50.1 Men go forth into life, And return in death. 
50.2 Out of ten men, three prolong their life (through cleanliness), three hasten their death (through their excesses), three compromise their life by the attachment they have to it, (And only one stays alive until his term, because he is not attached to it). 
50.3 He who is not attached to his life, does not turn aside to avoid an encounter with a rhinoceros or a tiger; he throws himself into the fray without armour or weapons; 
50.4 And he comes to no harm because he is proof against the rhinoceros horn, the tiger's claws, And weapons of combat. Why is this? ... Because, exteriorized through his indifference, death cannot take a hold on him. 

51.1 The Principle gives life to beings, then its Virtue nourishes them, until the completion of their nature, until the perfection of their faculties. Therefore all beings venerate the Principle and its Virtue. 
51.2 No one has the eminence of the Principle and its Virtue conferred on them; they have it always, naturally. The Principle gives life; its Virtue gives growth, protects, perfects, matures, maintains, And covers (all beings). 
51.3 When they are born, it does not monopolize them; it lets them act freely, without exploiting them; it lets them grow, without tyrannizing them. This is the action of transcendent Virtue. 

52.1 That which was, before the beginning of the world, became the mother of the world. 
52.2 He who has reached knowledge of the mother (matter, the body), knows through that her son (the vital spirit which is enclosed in it). He who knows the son (his vital spirit) And conserves the mother (his body), will reach the end of his days without accident. 
52.3 If he keeps his mouth and nostril closed (to prevent evaporation of the vital spirit), he will reach the end of his days without having suffered decadence. 
52.4 Whereas, if he talks a lot and causes himself much worry, he will use up and shorten his life. 
52.5 Restricting one's considerations to small things, And one's cares to affairs of little importance, makes the mind clear and the body strong. 
52.6 Concentrating one's intellectual rays in one's intelligence, And not letting mental applications harm one's body, is to protect (the mind) And make for long (life).