關注亞洲形勢:關於印度的一項重要數據
(2010-06-10 10:18:44)
下一個
關於印度的一項重要數據
先說明全球饑餓指數,再談關於印度的數據
國際糧食政策研究機構所公布的全球饑餓指數是顯示發展中國家和地區的饑餓
狀況的一個重要讀數。
一個國家的饑餓指數越高,那這個國家的人民受饑餓困擾的程度就越嚴重,同
時,這個國家有更高比例的嬰兒體重低於正常值,也有更多的嬰兒夭折。
但必須指出,國際糧食政策研究機構的總部在西方,所以它的全球饑餓指數不
顯示發達國家的具體饑餓指數,所以一定程度上就顯示著一種自命不凡的偏見。
同時,它對某些國家的饑餓指數的計算存在著爭議,比如,菲律賓的饑餓指數
可能被低估了。
盡管有某些不足,全球饑餓指數仍然是一項重要的數據。對於人類戰勝饑餓有
一定的參考作用;其戰略意義不可忽視。
(當然,我們也呼籲國際糧食政策研究機構要更全麵、更公正地評估全球饑餓指數。)
“民主”印度獲得亞洲饑餓會的銅牌
根據國際糧食政策研究機構公布的2009年全球饑餓指數,“民主”的印度高分
成為亞洲國家的第三名。也就是說,印度人民受饑餓困擾的嚴重程度在亞洲排
名第三,因此獲得亞洲饑餓會的銅牌;
具體數據如下 (名次/獎牌/國家/饑餓指數):
1 (金牌) 也門 (得分:27.0)
2 (銀牌) 孟加拉國 (得分:24.7)
3 (銅牌) 印度 (得分:23.9)
就這些數據我們可以作一些分析。
最近十幾年以來,西方和它們操控的“民主”玩偶們在談到亞洲的饑餓問題的
時候總是要談朝鮮,而且盡量把那裏說成人間地獄,而對“民主”國家上演的
醜劇卻盡量回避。
印度雖然獲得亞洲饑餓會的銅牌,但有些“民主”國家的饑餓情況很可能比印
度更糟糕。
(這些“民主”國家是伊拉克、阿富汗、不丹,它們沒有數據可供參考,所以
也就不用計算它們的饑餓指數了。)
讓我們再回頭來看看印度的具體情況。
印度麵對的外界壓力非常有限
和朝鮮不同,印度所處的地理位置非常有利。
朝鮮時時麵對強大的美國和手下仆從國的團夥挑釁和圍堵,外部壓力巨大,國防
成本自然驚人。這在很大程度上限製了朝鮮的發展。
但印度的情況卻完全不同,印度的主要鄰國巴基斯坦比印度弱小得多,另一個
主要鄰國中國在西部則基本以防守為主,所以印度麵對的外界壓力是非常有限
的。
公平地說,印度的國家生存環境在亞洲無疑是最好的,可以放手搞內部建設發展。
印度國土遼闊,適宜農業生產
和狹小多山、曾飽受美國空中轟炸蹂躪的朝鮮不同,印度國土遼闊,資源豐富,
河流縱橫,氣候非常適宜人類農耕生活,又有幾千年的發達文明,積累了寶貴的
農業經驗。
然而,印度是亞洲饑餓會的第三名
現在,在經曆了多年的高速經濟成長後,印度仍然位居亞洲饑餓會的第三名。
那人們要問,在過去幾十年裏,在這個“民主”的“仙境”裏,到底上演了多少
饑餓的慘劇?!
在“自由”的黑暗“透明”中,還隱藏著多少不可公布的內幕?!
當然,印度的“自由”政閥和土皇帝們不會在意這些事情,他們永遠穩坐釣魚台,
繼續操弄“民主”“選舉”的政治馬戲。
“民主”印度的世襲政治比“專製”的朝鮮還要發達
值得指出,“民主”印度在世襲政治方麵幹得比“專製”的朝鮮要“出色”。
印度各地的“民主”政閥和土皇帝暫且不提,就說印度中央的尼赫魯-甘地王朝
現在已經傳到了第四位君主(索尼亞-甘地),她以印度政壇太後老佛爺的身分從
幕後操控印度的“民主”政局。
下麵是部分參考材料,
(這部分參考材料是根據2008年的全球饑餓指數撰寫的,由於作者沒有把也門當作
絕對意義上的亞洲國家,所以,印度被算作亞洲饑餓會的第二名。)
Global Hunger Index 2008: India lags way behind
WHILE THE international community is boggled by the global financial downturn, triggered by the US sub-prime crisis, another global crisis is seemingly being brushed aside as a typical problem pertaining to the poor countries – the problem of hunger. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in collaboration with German Agro-Action and Concern Worldwide has released the Global Hunger Index 2008 that shows most countries making a slow progress to cut down hunger and reduction of child mortality rate.
As part of the Millennium Development Goal, signed by leaders from 189 countries in September, 2000, the international community has set targets to cut hunger by half and under-five mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015. However, given the current slow level of progress in the developing world coupled with the current global inflation and financial crisis, the possibility of reaching the Millennium Development Goal by 2015 appears bleak.
The Global Hunger Index is made according to three indicators – the proportion of people who are calorie deficient, child malnutrition and child mortality. The countries in the Latin American and Caribbean and East Asia and Pacific regions have, however, made significant progress on this front while the Sub-Saharan African countries are worst affected by malnutrition and child mortality. Thirty-eight out of the 42 Sub-Saharan countries rank, show dismal progress with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) being the country with the highest rate of hunger followed by Eritrea, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia and Liberia. Despite the overall gloomy picture of the African continent, Mozambique, Ghana and Malawi have made considerable progress in reducing hunger.
India, ranked 66 among 88 countries, shows that despite of economic growth, the hunger scenario of the country is worse than about 25 Sub-Saharan nations and worst among all countries of Asia, with only Bangladesh lagging behind it. Madhya Pradesh is the hungriest state in the country followed by Jharkhand and Bihar. According to the Global Hunger Index 2008, over 200 million Indians are unsure about accessing their daily bread. However, IFPRI reports that India has made notable progress in reducing hunger and child mortality and is very close on being on the track to reach the 2015 development goal target.
The slow progress in resolving the hunger crisis has been attributed to high population growth followed by slow income growth, high energy and bio-fuel prices followed by drastic change in science and technology, climate change, globalisation and urbanisation bringing changes in the pattern of food consumption, production and market. The current global financial crisis will further complicate the hunger scenario in the future by causing shortage of availability of capital for agriculture and related activities, resulting in further food shortage.
According to estimates, to reach the 2015 development goal, investment to the tune of $14 billion will be required annually. The Sub-Saharan countries will require $5 billion to be pumped into their economy annually. A complete restructuring of the methods of productivity and research, nutrition and social protection and market and trade could help in feeding millions of hungry mouths worldwide.