偶燈斯陋

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三八節見聞

(2014-03-08 15:37:34) 下一個
昨天在課堂上問學生,你們誰知道明天三月八日是個什麽日子?20來人麵麵相覷,聳聳肩;有人忍不住說再過幾天是聖帕確克節日(大家畫三葉草,穿綠色衣服遊行慶祝的那個節日)。這還是上社會心理學課的孩子呢。也難怪,美國人沒有過婦女節的傳統,盡管節日的起源好像還是來自美國芝加哥。倒是今天一上網,看到故狗上有慶祝婦女節的喜氣洋洋的視頻,各地各民族的女子說著自己的語言,向大家說祝賀詞,其中還聽到了中文的“三八婦女節快樂”。有故狗這樣的媒體推助,相信從此美國人會慢慢建立起慶祝三八婦女節的概念。



一方麵看到英文世界裏對女性節日的認識,另一方麵,則看到中文媒體裏到處都貼有婦女難以合作的帖子,從參考消息網,金羊網,海南網,人民網,到文學城,滿山遍野的到處貼著。比如下麵這篇在文學城門上看到的:


研究發現女性與女上司合作幾率低

女性或許不像男性那樣喜歡競爭,但她們也不喜歡彼此合作。一項研究發現,當兩名女性中一個人的權力更大時,她們進行合作的幾率要低於兩名男性合作的幾率。類似地,如果職級不一樣,兩名女性合作的幾率比一男一女合作的幾率也要低。
  據英國《每日郵報》網站3月3日報道,這項研究的結果與人們的普遍看法相反。此前人們普遍認為,女性樂於照顧人的天性使她們能自然而然地互幫互助,而男性則忙於競爭,沒工夫關心彼此。
  研究人員說,男性或許會為了結盟而擱置分歧,而女性則在與處於同一級別的人合作時才最自在。
  位於加拿大蒙特利爾的魁北克大學的理查德·蘭厄姆說:“我們想研究的問題是——男性和女性是否與同性合作更融洽?”“人們的常識是女性較容易與他人合作,但當你觀察軍隊或體育運動隊時,就會發現男性在某些方麵更善於與人合作。”
  為了搞清楚男女的合作方式是否有區別,科學家對50所大學心理學係的合作情況進行了調查。
  結果表明,當兩人職級不同時,兩位女性研究人員合作的幾率比兩位男性研究人員合作的幾率低得多。但同一職級的女性之間似乎並不難合作,男女搭配的合作也很常見。
  換言之,問題出現在一名女性比另一名女性權力大時。
  研究人員在《當代生物學》半月刊上撰文說,不信任感或許來自合作的雙方。他們寫道:“研究沒有發現職級不同的女性之間合作水平降低是由哪一方造成的。但是,我們的發現與以前對女性的研究結果一致,即職級較低的女性在與職級較高的女性合作時可能不太自在。”
  研究報告的作者之一、哈佛大學的研究人員喬伊絲·貝嫩森說,女性對女上司出自本能地不信任,這或許使她們的升職難度增加。她說:“各職級女性之間的合作幾率要低於各職級男性之間的合作幾率。這意味著,在任何組織中,極有才幹的女性新人不能像男性新人那樣從某位上司那裏得到提拔方麵的幫助。”

讀了之後疑竇叢生。《每日郵報》? 50所大學心理學係?《當代生物學》? 原文的英文是什麽? 


-- 存疑。 

查了一下,每日郵報的3月3日版未見有什麽“這項研究”,(也許沒有看到?希望有人給出鏈接,讓我們看到信息來源)倒是在兩年多以前(2011年7月)Daily Mail 登過一篇 文章 題目是 Why a female boss can be a woman's worst nightmare,該文提到原因大致是職場性別歧視的風氣 (why women display aggressive alpha female behaviour towards female colleagues has remained unclear. But now psychologists at Leiden University in Holland claim the most important factor is how sexist their working environment already is.) 

一年以前的2012年10月在中文網同樣類容的文章又出現過:女性對同性朋友會更加“苛刻” , 見http://www.xinli110.com/rjjw/py/201210/329449.html 

我本人的經驗和觀察是女性上司非常有能力有擔當也有同情心。當然你可以說我是有運氣,我的經驗屬於個人看法。那麽我希望看到文章提到的研究是使用什麽方法,是否科學,是否合理,是否令人信服。 

值得思考的是,在今天這個讓占人口50%的婦女 慶祝的國際婦女節日裏,把過去幾年內零散發出的這一類信息搜集集中起來,是給女人敲警鍾呢還是讓你惡心一下?這都是誰在幹這事?(相信貼此文的博主隻是轉帖) 

在美國,男性就業率是70.2%;女性就業率是57.7%;男性失業率是0.6%,女性的失業率是0.7%。 女性在職場上需要麵對形形色色的歧視,比如門檻歧視(access discrimination)和待遇歧視(treatment discrimination)。那麽這份“研究”是否要說,女性受歧視是因為本身緣故,是因為自己不能和諧相處?

在網上尋找半天,終於找到每日郵報的原文。可惜讀完之後,仍舊沒有看到該”研究“采取的方法是什麽。研究者是魁北克大學的Wrangham,是一名生物人類學者。研究者宣稱此項研究的參加者(被試)是50個大學的心理學係,就這50個係裏的研究項目參與者的性別和研究過程作研究。然後得出結論:女性不能互相合作。這中間似乎有太多的東西被省略掉了,其中包括邏輯。
見新聞報道原文:
Women HATE each other (in the office at least...): Females co-operate better with male bosses, study finds

By FIONA MACRAE


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2572235/Women-HATE-office-Females-operate-better-male-bosses-study-finds.html#ixzz2vQKXE0iM 
Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

They may lack the competitive streak of their male colleagues but women are loath to work together.

A study found two women are less likely to co-operate than two men when one is more powerful than the other.

Similarly, two females of different rank are less likely to work together than a man and a woman.

The finding contradicts the widely held belief that women’s nurturing nature makes it natural for them to help each other out, while men are too competitive to have time for each other.

Researchers said that men may be wired to put their differences aside in order to form alliances. Women, however, are most comfortable with people who are on the same level as them.

Richard Wrangham, of the University of Quebec at Montreal, said: ‘The question we wanted to examine was: Do men or women co-operate better with members of their own sex? 

‘The conventional wisdom is that women co-operate more easily but when you look at how armies or sports teams function, there is evidence that men are better at co-operating in some ways.’ 

 

To look at whether there sexes differ in how they co-operate, the scientists looked at research collaborations in 50 university psychology departments.

This showed that all female pairings of junior and senior researchers were much less common than collaborations between two men at different stages in their career.

However, women of the same rank didn’t seem to have difficulty in working together and mixed-sex collaborations were also common.

In other words, the problem arises in situations in which one female is more powerful than the other.  

Writing in the journal Current Biology, the researchers said the lack of trust may come from both directions.


They said: ‘The study does not demonstrate whether the reduced level of co-operation among women if different status is due to higher-ranked or lower-ranked women.

‘However, our findings are consistent with results from early childhood onwards suggesting that females of lower status can be uncomfortable co-operating with their superiors.

‘Female superiors may also be less willing than male superiors to invest in lower-ranked same-sex individuals.’ 

Others say that while men make their feelings clear, women are more likely to let jealousies and resentments fester.

Harvard University researcher Joyce Benenson, one of the study’s authors, said that women’s instinctive distrust of females in power may make it more difficult for them to scale the career ladder.

She said: ‘Females are less likely than males to co-operate across ranks with same-sex individuals.

‘This means that a highly talented newcomer female in any organisation does not receive the support that her male counterpart does from higher-ranked individuals who can help them climb the hierarchy.’ 

Even having a male boss may not be a huge help.

Professor Benenson said: ‘Because men often discriminate against women, it is unclear whether higher-ranked males could be more helpful.’






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