正文
超級火山的定義是噴發量超過４５０立方公裏的火山，有記載的大規模的超級火山噴發量達到１０００立方公裏以上，著名的例子是黃石公園火山，它的噴發毀滅半個美國； 類似規模的還有南亞的ＴＯＢＡ火山。噴發量達到４５００立方公裏的超級火山已屬非常罕見。然而近期發現的中國峨眉山火山，噴發量達到５０萬立方公裏，遠遠超過上述例子。這次火山爆發造成地球史上規模最大的一次生物大滅絕。相信這是本世紀自然科學的一項重大發現。
這項研究由英國ＬＥＥＤＳ大學和武漢中國地質大學合作完成。
相關資料
美國權威期刊:史上生物大滅絕或因峨眉山大噴發(圖)
[url]http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=kxtw&MsgID=10218[/url]
Wiki: Supervolcano
[url]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervolcano[/url]
Ancient volcano may have caused mass extinction
[url]http://www.physorg.com/news162738601.html[/url]
Volcanism, Mass Extinction, and Carbon Isotope Fluctuations in the Middle Permian of China
Paul B. Wignall,1,* Yadong Sun,2 David P. G. Bond,1 Gareth Izon,3 Robert J. Newton,1 Stéphanie Védrine,1 Mike Widdowson,3 Jason R. Ali,4 Xulong Lai,2 Haishui Jiang,2 Helen Cope,5 Simon H. Bottrell1
[url]http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/324/5931/1179[/url]
The 260-million-year-old Emeishan volcanic province of southwest China overlies and is interbedded with Middle Permian carbonates that contain a record of the Guadalupian mass extinction. Sections in the region thus provide an opportunity to directly monitor the relative timing of extinction and volcanism within the same locations. These show that the onset of volcanism was marked by both large phreatomagmatic eruptions and extinctions amongst fusulinacean foraminifers and calcareous algae. The temporal coincidence of these two phenomena supports the idea of a cause-and-effect relationship. The crisis predates the onset of a major negative carbon isotope excursion that points to subsequent severe disturbance of the ocean-atmosphere carbon cycle.
1 School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
2 Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
3 Department of Earth and Environmental Science, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
4 Department of Earth Sciences, Pokfulam Road, University of Hong Kong.
5 Department of Bioengineering, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Building, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK.
這項研究由英國ＬＥＥＤＳ大學和武漢中國地質大學合作完成。
相關資料
美國權威期刊:史上生物大滅絕或因峨眉山大噴發(圖)
[url]http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=kxtw&MsgID=10218[/url]
Wiki: Supervolcano
[url]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervolcano[/url]
Ancient volcano may have caused mass extinction
[url]http://www.physorg.com/news162738601.html[/url]
Volcanism, Mass Extinction, and Carbon Isotope Fluctuations in the Middle Permian of China
Paul B. Wignall,1,* Yadong Sun,2 David P. G. Bond,1 Gareth Izon,3 Robert J. Newton,1 Stéphanie Védrine,1 Mike Widdowson,3 Jason R. Ali,4 Xulong Lai,2 Haishui Jiang,2 Helen Cope,5 Simon H. Bottrell1
[url]http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/324/5931/1179[/url]
The 260-million-year-old Emeishan volcanic province of southwest China overlies and is interbedded with Middle Permian carbonates that contain a record of the Guadalupian mass extinction. Sections in the region thus provide an opportunity to directly monitor the relative timing of extinction and volcanism within the same locations. These show that the onset of volcanism was marked by both large phreatomagmatic eruptions and extinctions amongst fusulinacean foraminifers and calcareous algae. The temporal coincidence of these two phenomena supports the idea of a cause-and-effect relationship. The crisis predates the onset of a major negative carbon isotope excursion that points to subsequent severe disturbance of the ocean-atmosphere carbon cycle.
1 School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
2 Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
3 Department of Earth and Environmental Science, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
4 Department of Earth Sciences, Pokfulam Road, University of Hong Kong.
5 Department of Bioengineering, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Building, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK.
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