2024 (1)
基督教在公元一、二世紀還是“初生兒”。當時一個叫塞爾薩斯(Celsus)的希臘學者是激烈的反基督教人士。他的著作《真言》(True Words)代表了當時亞曆山德拉市(自托勒密王朝以來的知識文化中心)的知識精英對基督教的看法。兩百多年之後,公元448年,羅馬皇帝Valentanian 和主教Theodosius 下令燒毀所有反基督教文獻,沒有任何一本書能幸免(注)。而這個塞爾薩斯的《真言》卻戲劇性地流傳下來:因為他反基督教著作實在太有力,被傳給當時的著名神學家Origen of Alexandria 反駁。後者寫了一本書《反塞爾薩斯》(“Against Celsus”),其中引證了90%的Celsus的原話,由此保存了90%的塞爾薩斯的原著。關於耶穌的出生塞爾薩斯是這樣說的:
"born in a certain Jewish village, of a poor woman of the country, who gained her subsistence by spinning, and who was turned out of doors by her husband, a carpenter by trade, because she was convicted of adultery; that after being driven away by her husband, and wandering about for a time, she disgracefully gave birth to Jesus, an illegitimate child, who having hired himself out as a servant in Egypt on account of his poverty, and having there acquired some miraculous powers, on which the Egyptians greatly pride themselves, returned to his own country, highly elated on account of them, and by means of these proclaimed himself a God."(耶穌出生於一個猶太村,他的母親是一個貧窮的靠紡紗為生的女人。這個女人因被發現通奸而被木匠丈夫趕出家門,流浪在外,生下了私生子耶穌。貧窮的耶穌流浪在埃及當了仆人,學得一些埃及人引以為自豪的神秘巫術,然後回到家鄉,並以這些他自己也很驕傲的巫術而自稱為“上帝”。)
耶穌究竟是瑪利亞處女受孕所生,還是如上麵的記載所述,讀者自行判斷。
=================
注:基督教被立為國教之後,不光反基督教文獻,所有和基督教無關的知識文獻:科學、數學、哲學、天文學等等,都被銷毀了。這不能不說是西方文明的一個無與倫比的損失。後來從新發現的幾乎所有古希臘羅馬知識遺產,均是從阿拉伯再傳回去的,從阿拉伯文再翻譯回去的。