兩種不同的道德標準：“天性的”和“人為的”

人類存在著一些天生的道德標準，所謂“良心”就是其一。這意味著即使沒有後天的道德教訓，我們仍然能夠理解一些基本的善惡品行，如“愛”，“理解”，“傷害”，“己所勿欲，勿施於人”，等等。所以即使沒有道德教義的指點，我們憑自己的直覺本性，仍然能認識最基本的“邪惡”的存在與區別，因為我們明白傷害自己的也會傷害他人。
這就是我的早先提到過的“人的生性是‘善惡皆備’”。根據這種天生的性質所得出的善惡標準，是人性的真實，是我們堅決不能改變的或者讓步的人生準則。

除這個天生的道德準則以外，人類還有一種道德標準，即“人為”的，通常借“上帝”或“聖人”的名，教導我們什麽是好的，什麽是壞的。如教導我們如何對待異教徒，通奸，同性戀，墮胎，離婚等。這些標準的確立一般是隨著曆史的進化而改變。一個時期的”惡“，可以成為另一個時期的”善“。這些標準，為曆史的進步作了很多貢獻，同時也作了許多破壞。所以這些教條或者標準常常都是學者們或其愛思考的人所爭議的話題。它們並不能成為我們內心堅守不變的原則。
這類道德標準，是屬於我前麵提到的“道德教條”。它們並不代表真理。
 
My original writing was in English:

I think we human beings all have some moral standards by NATURE called "conscience". This means even without the teachings of Jesus Christ or Confucian or whatever, we should still be able to comprehend things such as "love", "understanding", "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you", etc.. We also without teachings should be able to recognize "evil spirit", because we understand what hurt ourselves must also hurt others.
This is what I meant earlier "human beings are born both Good and Evil". They come to us as part of our Nature. And the morality created by such nature like "do unto others as you would have them do unto you", is something representing truth and we should never give them up.

However, there is another kind of moral standard made by MAN, usually under the name of "God", or "Saint", teaching us what is Good and what is Bad, such as pagan, adultery, homosexuality, abortion, divorce, etc.. These teachings were/are usually set up for certain purposes, and they all changing through history (I mean a history in a large picture, not history within hundreds or couple of thousands years). They may have done lots of "Good" but also lots of "Bad" at the same time, so they remain controversial to scholars or whoever asking questions.
These types of moral standards, are belong to what I said earlier as "Doctrine" (or someone help me to find a better English word please). They do NOT necessarily represent TRUTH.

[雲易]

回複firm的評論:
謝謝評論。
我的前提是：人類的認識能力是有限的。所以主管臆斷一個上帝的存在和簡單地否定其存在都是虛妄。唯一的正確的態度是，尊重我們的理性：認識到多少就是多少。“希望”，“幻想”，“靈感”，都最好暫時留給藝術創作。

[firm]

真理是不會隨著曆史改變的。改變的是認為人類組織和機構對真理的‘人為’的解釋。宗教的教義，人的本性和惡習，幾千年沒變。變的是宗教團體對教義的曲解。

[firm]

似乎有點想當然了。
上帝的和‘人為’的，是一回事嗎？你的前提就是這世界不存在上帝，沒有superbeing，沒有靈魂也沒有科學無法解釋的現象。人眼無法觀察和人腦無法解釋的東西，是不存在的。
可是，你的論斷有什麽根據可以解釋嗎？願聞其詳。