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探討聖經
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我寫這篇文章的目的是為了要回答你的文章“耶穌的愛”裏的問題。我很讚賞你刻苦科研聖經的精神。但是首先要討論2個基本概念。地獄和愛的概念。我認為地獄這個概念是不存在的。是“欣嫩穀”被翻譯成地獄的時候的誤譯，我現在還沒有時間寫地獄這個概念的由來，等我有空的時候會寫一篇文章的，但是從其他的翻譯錯誤的地方希望你能認識到你讀的聖經有些地方可能翻譯是不恰當的，如果你個人感興趣，也可以做比我更多的科研工作以得到正確答案。
剛看完“Misquoting Jesus“這本書，主要講的是新約的翻譯問題，不看這本書不知道，一看還真嚇一跳。聖經版本，而且還是流行的聖經版本在翻譯過程中的確有漏洞百出的地方。
“The King James Version is filled with places in which the translators
rendered a Greek text derived ultimately from Erasmus’s edition, which was based on a single twelfth-century manu that is one of the worst of the manus that we now have available to us! It’s no wonder that modern translations often differ from the King James, and no wonder that some Bible -believing Christians prefer to pretend there’s never been a problem, since God inspired the King James Bible instead of the original Greek!”
作者為什麽這麽說呢？原來作為首先印製聖經的Complutensian Polyglot，並不是第一個聖經發行人，因為Erasmus 和Froben 也知道Complutensian Polyglot 的行動，為了搶在他的前頭，Erasmus到 Basel尋找他需要的版本。為了尋求速度快，他沒有對比很多版本，隻是找到足夠的版本就發行了。他找到了十二世紀的版本包括福音書，使徒行者和Epistles和啟示錄，然後把拉丁文的Latin Vulgate翻譯回希臘語，他自己也承認是”rushed out rather than edited”,當然他也成為第一個聖經的發行者，此後很多聖經發行者都沒有仔細考察，就根據他的版本發行了。 一個世紀後依據這個版本，翻譯成為King James Bible。Latin Vulgate 是由Jerome根據需要為不說希臘語的西羅馬帝國翻譯的。所以King James版本沒有依據最原始的希臘語版本，就一直廣為流傳到今天。即使是新的King James版本，除了把舊的版本四處還有上帝名字耶和華的地方都去掉，把holy ghost改為holy spirit，好象沒多大改進（沒特別研究，不足的地方請補充。）所以在最古老和卓越的希臘新約版本中沒有的故事，the woman taken in adultery(約翰福音7：53-8：11)，the last twelve verses of Mark（馬可福音16：8以後）, and the Johannine Comma(約翰一書5：7-8)都在King James版本中有。而約翰一書5：7-8則更是支持三位一體教義的最好解釋。即便是在Erasmus的希臘版本裏也沒有Latin Vulgate版本裏說的three that bear witness on earth: Father, the Word, and the Spirit. 在Erasmus的希臘版本裏作見證的是 the spirit, the water , and the blood. 但是這三個故事也有翻譯正確的聖經版本，那就是新世界譯本(New World Translation of the Holy ures http://www.watchtower.org/e/bible/index.htm)約翰福音7：53-8：11沒有翻譯到聖經主體裏，不過在附注裏有說明，馬可福音16：8以後分長結語和短結語兩種。短結語裏沒有馬可福音16：9-20的內容。約翰一書5：7 For there are three witness bearers, 8 the spirit and the water and the blood, and the three are in agreement.(1John5:7-8(New King James Version) For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three agree as one.)
更加糟糕的是Bart D. Ehrman繼續在“Misquting Jesus“中寫道”…..whether you are a reader of the New International Version, the Revised Standard Version,the New Revised Standard Version, the New American Standard Version, the New King James, the Jerusalem Bible, the Good News Bible,or something else. They are all based on texts that have been changed in places.” 由於很多聖經版本和New King James Bible翻譯誤差不大，所以以下僅以New King James版本為代表，再舉幾個例子。
以下的誤譯很可能不是故意的。
1Timthoy3:16”God made manifest in the flesh”,由於希臘語“God”和“who”區
別不大，比較容易搞混，而在最早的希臘語版本中的翻譯是“who”，也就是christ.”He was made manifest in flesh” (New world Translation of the Holy ures)
Luke2:39,41,43,48翻譯與2:33是同樣的，把父親給省去了。因為不理解處女生耶穌，
還可以有父親。
Luke 2:33 And Joseph and His mother marveled at those things which were
spoken of Him(New King James Version)
Luke2:33 And its father and mother continued wondering at the things being
spoken about it. （New World Translation of the Holy ures）
Luke24:12人為加入的章節用以反對支持邪教的人比如Marcion。
Luke 24:12 But Peter arose and ran to the tomb; and stooping down, he saw
the linen cloths lying by themselves; and he departed, marveling to himself
at what had happened. (New King James Version)
Luke24:12 [[But Peter rose and ran to the memorial tomb, and, stooping
forward, he beheld the bandages alone. So he went off, wondering within
himself at what had occurred.]] （New World Translation of the Holy
ures）[[]] 在新世界譯本裏是表示古人加進的詞句。
教派接受不了兒子也不知時間的解釋，大概和三位一體的概念也衝突，所以就人為修改了馬太福音24：36
Matthew 24:36 “But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels
of heaven, but My Father only. (New King James Version)
Matthew24:36 “Concerning that day and hour nobody knows, neither the angels
of the heavens nor the Son, but only the Father“（New World Translation of
the Holy ures）
例子還有很多，我就不一一列舉了。不過Bart D. Ehrman有很多最為關鍵的錯誤翻譯還是沒有在他的書裏指出。比如上帝的名字是耶和華，在很多聖經版本裏都被去掉了。希臘語普緒克被譯成是靈魂是誤譯。“欣嫩穀”被譯成地獄也是誤譯。“海地斯”被誤譯為陰間。苦行柱被誤譯成十字架。
雖然2-3世紀時期，沒有正規的抄經士，主流教派抄經士為了達到去除邪教，維護三位
一體等目的擅自篡改或者添加聖經。但是隻要你耐心對比各種聖經版本，還是可以找到比較接近“原汁原味”的聖經版本的。我考察了一下新世界譯本的文獻參考目錄，如下Sources for the Text of the New World Translation Christian Greek ures 23 Hebrew Versions (14th-20th Centuries), translated either from the Greek or from the Latin Vulgate, using Tetragrammaton for divine name,Armenian Version, Coptic Versions, Syriac Versions (Curetonian, Philoxenian, Harclean , Palestinian, Sinaitic, Peshitta), Old Latin—Latin Vulgate—Sixtine and Clementine Revised Latin Texts ,Original Greek Writings and Early Copies –
Early Greek Unical MSS.(Vatican 1209(B), Sinaitic(א), Alexandrine(A),
Ephraemi Syrireus(C), Bezae(D))—Westcott and Hort Greek Text, Bover
Greek Text, Merk Greek Text, Nestle-Aland Greek Text, United Bible Societies
Greek Text, Greek Cursive MSS. – Erasmus Text, Stephanus Text –Text
Receptus –Griesbach Greek Text—Emphatic Diaglott, Papyri (e.g, Chester
Beatty P45,P46,P47; Bodmer P66, P74,P75 )
參考這麽多版本已經足夠讓我信賴新世界譯本了，況且我也在參考希伯來譯本和希臘語譯本。
剛看完“Misquoting Jesus“這本書，主要講的是新約的翻譯問題，不看這本書不知道，一看還真嚇一跳。聖經版本，而且還是流行的聖經版本在翻譯過程中的確有漏洞百出的地方。
“The King James Version is filled with places in which the translators
rendered a Greek text derived ultimately from Erasmus’s edition, which was based on a single twelfth-century manu that is one of the worst of the manus that we now have available to us! It’s no wonder that modern translations often differ from the King James, and no wonder that some Bible -believing Christians prefer to pretend there’s never been a problem, since God inspired the King James Bible instead of the original Greek!”
作者為什麽這麽說呢？原來作為首先印製聖經的Complutensian Polyglot，並不是第一個聖經發行人，因為Erasmus 和Froben 也知道Complutensian Polyglot 的行動，為了搶在他的前頭，Erasmus到 Basel尋找他需要的版本。為了尋求速度快，他沒有對比很多版本，隻是找到足夠的版本就發行了。他找到了十二世紀的版本包括福音書，使徒行者和Epistles和啟示錄，然後把拉丁文的Latin Vulgate翻譯回希臘語，他自己也承認是”rushed out rather than edited”,當然他也成為第一個聖經的發行者，此後很多聖經發行者都沒有仔細考察，就根據他的版本發行了。 一個世紀後依據這個版本，翻譯成為King James Bible。Latin Vulgate 是由Jerome根據需要為不說希臘語的西羅馬帝國翻譯的。所以King James版本沒有依據最原始的希臘語版本，就一直廣為流傳到今天。即使是新的King James版本，除了把舊的版本四處還有上帝名字耶和華的地方都去掉，把holy ghost改為holy spirit，好象沒多大改進（沒特別研究，不足的地方請補充。）所以在最古老和卓越的希臘新約版本中沒有的故事，the woman taken in adultery(約翰福音7：53-8：11)，the last twelve verses of Mark（馬可福音16：8以後）, and the Johannine Comma(約翰一書5：7-8)都在King James版本中有。而約翰一書5：7-8則更是支持三位一體教義的最好解釋。即便是在Erasmus的希臘版本裏也沒有Latin Vulgate版本裏說的three that bear witness on earth: Father, the Word, and the Spirit. 在Erasmus的希臘版本裏作見證的是 the spirit, the water , and the blood. 但是這三個故事也有翻譯正確的聖經版本，那就是新世界譯本(New World Translation of the Holy ures http://www.watchtower.org/e/bible/index.htm)約翰福音7：53-8：11沒有翻譯到聖經主體裏，不過在附注裏有說明，馬可福音16：8以後分長結語和短結語兩種。短結語裏沒有馬可福音16：9-20的內容。約翰一書5：7 For there are three witness bearers, 8 the spirit and the water and the blood, and the three are in agreement.(1John5:7-8(New King James Version) For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three agree as one.)
更加糟糕的是Bart D. Ehrman繼續在“Misquting Jesus“中寫道”…..whether you are a reader of the New International Version, the Revised Standard Version,the New Revised Standard Version, the New American Standard Version, the New King James, the Jerusalem Bible, the Good News Bible,or something else. They are all based on texts that have been changed in places.” 由於很多聖經版本和New King James Bible翻譯誤差不大，所以以下僅以New King James版本為代表，再舉幾個例子。
以下的誤譯很可能不是故意的。
1Timthoy3:16”God made manifest in the flesh”,由於希臘語“God”和“who”區
別不大，比較容易搞混，而在最早的希臘語版本中的翻譯是“who”，也就是christ.”He was made manifest in flesh” (New world Translation of the Holy ures)
Luke2:39,41,43,48翻譯與2:33是同樣的，把父親給省去了。因為不理解處女生耶穌，
還可以有父親。
Luke 2:33 And Joseph and His mother marveled at those things which were
spoken of Him(New King James Version)
Luke2:33 And its father and mother continued wondering at the things being
spoken about it. （New World Translation of the Holy ures）
Luke24:12人為加入的章節用以反對支持邪教的人比如Marcion。
Luke 24:12 But Peter arose and ran to the tomb; and stooping down, he saw
the linen cloths lying by themselves; and he departed, marveling to himself
at what had happened. (New King James Version)
Luke24:12 [[But Peter rose and ran to the memorial tomb, and, stooping
forward, he beheld the bandages alone. So he went off, wondering within
himself at what had occurred.]] （New World Translation of the Holy
ures）[[]] 在新世界譯本裏是表示古人加進的詞句。
教派接受不了兒子也不知時間的解釋，大概和三位一體的概念也衝突，所以就人為修改了馬太福音24：36
Matthew 24:36 “But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels
of heaven, but My Father only. (New King James Version)
Matthew24:36 “Concerning that day and hour nobody knows, neither the angels
of the heavens nor the Son, but only the Father“（New World Translation of
the Holy ures）
例子還有很多，我就不一一列舉了。不過Bart D. Ehrman有很多最為關鍵的錯誤翻譯還是沒有在他的書裏指出。比如上帝的名字是耶和華，在很多聖經版本裏都被去掉了。希臘語普緒克被譯成是靈魂是誤譯。“欣嫩穀”被譯成地獄也是誤譯。“海地斯”被誤譯為陰間。苦行柱被誤譯成十字架。
雖然2-3世紀時期，沒有正規的抄經士，主流教派抄經士為了達到去除邪教，維護三位
一體等目的擅自篡改或者添加聖經。但是隻要你耐心對比各種聖經版本，還是可以找到比較接近“原汁原味”的聖經版本的。我考察了一下新世界譯本的文獻參考目錄，如下Sources for the Text of the New World Translation Christian Greek ures 23 Hebrew Versions (14th-20th Centuries), translated either from the Greek or from the Latin Vulgate, using Tetragrammaton for divine name,Armenian Version, Coptic Versions, Syriac Versions (Curetonian, Philoxenian, Harclean , Palestinian, Sinaitic, Peshitta), Old Latin—Latin Vulgate—Sixtine and Clementine Revised Latin Texts ,Original Greek Writings and Early Copies –
Early Greek Unical MSS.(Vatican 1209(B), Sinaitic(א), Alexandrine(A),
Ephraemi Syrireus(C), Bezae(D))—Westcott and Hort Greek Text, Bover
Greek Text, Merk Greek Text, Nestle-Aland Greek Text, United Bible Societies
Greek Text, Greek Cursive MSS. – Erasmus Text, Stephanus Text –Text
Receptus –Griesbach Greek Text—Emphatic Diaglott, Papyri (e.g, Chester
Beatty P45,P46,P47; Bodmer P66, P74,P75 )
參考這麽多版本已經足夠讓我信賴新世界譯本了，況且我也在參考希伯來譯本和希臘語譯本。
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