正文
The British:
英國人：
The British occupied areas from Virginia northward. Hans Koning wrote:
"From the beginning, the Spaniards saw the native Americans as natural slaves, beasts of burden, part of the loot. When working them to death was more economical than treating them somewhat humanely, they worked them to death. The English, on the other hand, had no use for the native peoples. They saw them as devil worshippers, savages who were beyond salvation by the church, and exterminating them increasingly became accepted policy." 5
英國人占據Virginia以北的地區，Hans Koning寫道：“從一開始，西班牙人把印第安人看作天然的奴隸，負重的牲畜，站利品的一部分。當把他們勞累至死要比人道的對待他們更經濟時，就把他們累死。對英國人，另一方麵，印第安人沒有什麽用處。他們把他們看作魔鬼崇拜者，教堂救贖之外的野人，並且，滅絕他們越來越成為可接受的政策。”
David E. Stannard wrote:
"Hundreds of Indians were killed in skirmish after skirmish. Other hundreds were killed in successful plots of mass poisoning. They were hunted down by dogs, 'blood-Hounds to draw after them, and Mastives [mastiffs] to seize them.' Their canoes and fishing weirs were smashed, their villages and agricultural fields burned to the ground. Indian peace offers were accepted by the English only until their prisoners were returned; then, having lulled the natives into false security, the colonists returned to the attack. It was the colonists' expressed desire that the Indians be exterminated, rooted 'out from being longer a people upon the face of the earth.' In a single raid the settlers destroyed corn sufficient to feed four thousand people for a year. Starvation and the massacre of non-combatants was becoming the preferred British approach to dealing with the natives." 4
David E. Stannard寫道：“成百的印第安人在無數小規模戰鬥中被殺死。別的成百的被成功的大規模毒死。他們被狗追獵'獵犬追蹤他們，然後Mastives（一種強壯的狗）捉住他們'。他們的獨木舟和漁具被搗毀，他們的村莊和莊稼地被焚為灰燼。印第安人的和平協議被英國人接受，隻是為了換取被俘虜的自己人；然後，當印第安人被安全的假象蒙蔽時，殖民者返回來攻擊。把他們滅絕讓他們從地球表麵消失是殖民者明確的願望。在一次襲擊中，殖民者摧毀了能喂養四千人一年的玉米。饑餓和屠殺平民成為英國人對付印第安人的首選手段“
The Americans:
美國人：
In the early 18th century, the states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey promoted a genocide of their local Natives by imposing a "scalp bounty" on dead Indians. "In 1703, Massachusetts paid 12 pounds for an Indian scalp. By 1723 the price had soared to 100 pounds." 10 Ward Churchill wrote: "Indeed, in many areas it [murdering Indians] became an outright business." 6 This practice of paying a bounty for Indian scalps continued into the 19th century before the public put an end to the practice. 10
在18世紀早期，Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey州通過獎勵獵取印第安人頭皮來促進種族滅絕。”1703年，一塊印第安人頭皮Massachusetts獎勵12鎊。到1723年，價格漲到100鎊。“Ward Churchill wrote：”確實，在很多地區，謀殺印第安人成為一宗正經生意。”這一獎勵獵取印第安人頭皮的政策一直延續到19世紀才終止。
In the 18th century, George Washington compared them to wolves, "beasts of prey" and called for their total destruction. 4 In 1814, Andrew Jackson "supervised the mutilation of 800 or more Creek Indian corpses" that his troops had killed. 6
Extermination of all of the surviving natives was urged by the Governor of California officially in 1851. 4 An editorial from the Rocky Mountain News in Denver, CO in 1863; and from the Santa Fe New Mexican in 1863 expressed the same sentiment. 6 In 1867, General William Tecumseh Sherman said, "We must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux [Lakotas] even to their extermination: men, women and children." 6
In 1848, before the gold rush in California, that state's native population is estimated to have been 150,000. In 1870, after the gold rush, only about 31,000 were still alive. "Over 60 percent of these indigenous people died from disease introduced by hundreds of thousands of so-called 49ers. However, local tribes were also systematically chased off their lands, marched to missions and reservations, enslaved and brutally massacred." 12 The price paid for a native scalp had dropped as low as $0.25. Native historian, Jack Forbes, wrote:
"The bulk of California's Indians were conquered, and died, in innumerable little episodes rather than in large campaigns. it serves to indict not a group of cruel leaders, or a few squads of rough soldiers, but in effect, an entire people; for ...the conquest of the Native Californian was above all else a popular, mass, enterprise." 11
英國人：
The British occupied areas from Virginia northward. Hans Koning wrote:
"From the beginning, the Spaniards saw the native Americans as natural slaves, beasts of burden, part of the loot. When working them to death was more economical than treating them somewhat humanely, they worked them to death. The English, on the other hand, had no use for the native peoples. They saw them as devil worshippers, savages who were beyond salvation by the church, and exterminating them increasingly became accepted policy." 5
英國人占據Virginia以北的地區，Hans Koning寫道：“從一開始，西班牙人把印第安人看作天然的奴隸，負重的牲畜，站利品的一部分。當把他們勞累至死要比人道的對待他們更經濟時，就把他們累死。對英國人，另一方麵，印第安人沒有什麽用處。他們把他們看作魔鬼崇拜者，教堂救贖之外的野人，並且，滅絕他們越來越成為可接受的政策。”
David E. Stannard wrote:
"Hundreds of Indians were killed in skirmish after skirmish. Other hundreds were killed in successful plots of mass poisoning. They were hunted down by dogs, 'blood-Hounds to draw after them, and Mastives [mastiffs] to seize them.' Their canoes and fishing weirs were smashed, their villages and agricultural fields burned to the ground. Indian peace offers were accepted by the English only until their prisoners were returned; then, having lulled the natives into false security, the colonists returned to the attack. It was the colonists' expressed desire that the Indians be exterminated, rooted 'out from being longer a people upon the face of the earth.' In a single raid the settlers destroyed corn sufficient to feed four thousand people for a year. Starvation and the massacre of non-combatants was becoming the preferred British approach to dealing with the natives." 4
David E. Stannard寫道：“成百的印第安人在無數小規模戰鬥中被殺死。別的成百的被成功的大規模毒死。他們被狗追獵'獵犬追蹤他們，然後Mastives（一種強壯的狗）捉住他們'。他們的獨木舟和漁具被搗毀，他們的村莊和莊稼地被焚為灰燼。印第安人的和平協議被英國人接受，隻是為了換取被俘虜的自己人；然後，當印第安人被安全的假象蒙蔽時，殖民者返回來攻擊。把他們滅絕讓他們從地球表麵消失是殖民者明確的願望。在一次襲擊中，殖民者摧毀了能喂養四千人一年的玉米。饑餓和屠殺平民成為英國人對付印第安人的首選手段“
The Americans:
美國人：
In the early 18th century, the states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey promoted a genocide of their local Natives by imposing a "scalp bounty" on dead Indians. "In 1703, Massachusetts paid 12 pounds for an Indian scalp. By 1723 the price had soared to 100 pounds." 10 Ward Churchill wrote: "Indeed, in many areas it [murdering Indians] became an outright business." 6 This practice of paying a bounty for Indian scalps continued into the 19th century before the public put an end to the practice. 10
在18世紀早期，Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey州通過獎勵獵取印第安人頭皮來促進種族滅絕。”1703年，一塊印第安人頭皮Massachusetts獎勵12鎊。到1723年，價格漲到100鎊。“Ward Churchill wrote：”確實，在很多地區，謀殺印第安人成為一宗正經生意。”這一獎勵獵取印第安人頭皮的政策一直延續到19世紀才終止。
In the 18th century, George Washington compared them to wolves, "beasts of prey" and called for their total destruction. 4 In 1814, Andrew Jackson "supervised the mutilation of 800 or more Creek Indian corpses" that his troops had killed. 6
Extermination of all of the surviving natives was urged by the Governor of California officially in 1851. 4 An editorial from the Rocky Mountain News in Denver, CO in 1863; and from the Santa Fe New Mexican in 1863 expressed the same sentiment. 6 In 1867, General William Tecumseh Sherman said, "We must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux [Lakotas] even to their extermination: men, women and children." 6
In 1848, before the gold rush in California, that state's native population is estimated to have been 150,000. In 1870, after the gold rush, only about 31,000 were still alive. "Over 60 percent of these indigenous people died from disease introduced by hundreds of thousands of so-called 49ers. However, local tribes were also systematically chased off their lands, marched to missions and reservations, enslaved and brutally massacred." 12 The price paid for a native scalp had dropped as low as $0.25. Native historian, Jack Forbes, wrote:
"The bulk of California's Indians were conquered, and died, in innumerable little episodes rather than in large campaigns. it serves to indict not a group of cruel leaders, or a few squads of rough soldiers, but in effect, an entire people; for ...the conquest of the Native Californian was above all else a popular, mass, enterprise." 11
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