輕輕鬆鬆
隨便
機械 生物 運動 醫學
機器人 嵌入式人的產生
嵌入式人的產生
嵌入式人是下一個三十年的主題 估計在2030可以實現
先談談什麽是嵌入式人
嵌入式人是指用先進的生物醫學技術 使人類的普通人的器官得以隨意替換 從而使人的壽命延長 如果按生物界一般壽命是成長期的六到七倍 那麽人的一般壽命
應該是150歲左右 然而就人類社會的發展 到第二次世界大戰結束 僅半個多世紀的和平時期 人類人口的迅速膨脹 使資源和生物發生了巨大的災難性的變化 並且越來越
向著毀滅的邊緣發展 勢頭之凶猛難以想象 過去說的臭氧大氣層的破壞到現在的
全球變暖效應 然而生物醫學技術在不斷發展 人通過壽命150會最終被突破
然而在向著這個目標進發的同時你也必須關注另外一種經濟現象的出現
那就是 Trellionair 的產生 象現在的 Billionair 一樣 但是一個重要的不同是
不相現在的 Billionair 當壽命作為一個指標 那麽 Billionair 和 Millionair
沒有什麽差別 到那時 Trellionair 可以都有 150 的壽命 而相反超過百分之
六十的人口的平均壽命則低於六十歲 這隻是對下一個壽命突破的一種情況的猜測
這種猜測有很多版本 不一一列舉 但有一點是可以肯定的 以美國為例
到那時現在的下層階層中產階層將全部消亡 代之以百分之七十的人口勞動階層
具有技能甚至高級技能 但壽命平均不到60歲 他們多數是工作勞累而亡
也就是現在的健康體係隻能維持百分之七十的人口活不到60歲 換來的是百分之十的人有150 的壽命 和不到
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Scientists create beating hearts in lab
By Julie Steenhuysen
Sun Jan 13, 2:41 PM ET
U.S. researchers say they have coaxed hearts from dead rats to beat again in the laboratory and said the discovery may one day lead to customized organ transplants for people.
"The hope would be we could generate an organ that matched your body," said Doris Taylor of the University of Minnesota Center for Cardiovascular Repair.
Her study, which appeared on Sunday in the journal Nature Medicine, offers a way to fulfill the promise of using stem cells -- the body's master cells -- to grow tailor-made organs for transplant.
Taylor and colleagues used a process called decellularization to wash away existing cells from the hearts of dead rats while leaving the basic collagen structure intact.
They injected this gelatin-like scaffold with heart cells from newborn rats, fed them a nutrient-rich solution and left them in the lab to grow.
Four days later, the hearts started to contract.
The researchers used a pacemaker to coordinate the contractions. They hooked up the hearts to a pump so they were being filled with fluids and added a bit of pressure to simulate blood pressure.
Eight days later, the hearts started to pump.
"I have got to tell you, that was the home run," Taylor said in a telephone interview.
HEALING HEARTS
Like many researchers, Taylor and colleagues had been working on a stem cell therapy to try to heal hearts damaged by heart attacks.
A British team last month said they generated mature, beating heart cells from embryonic stem cells that could be used to make a heart patch.
Others have tried injecting heart stem cells directly into the scarred heart in the hopes of regenerating damaged tissue.
The Minnesota team took another approach.
"We recognized that nature has created the perfect scaffold and wondered whether there is a way in the lab to give nature the tools and get out of the way," Taylor said.
She and colleague Dr. Harold Ott, who is now at Massachusetts General Hospital, knew that decellularization already had been used in making tissue heart valves and blood vessels and decided to try it on whole organs.
They did the process with rat and pig hearts. But they only reported on the regeneration of the rat hearts.
"We hung these organs in the lab and we washed out all the cells. When you are done, you have this thing that looks like a ghost tissue," Taylor said.
The scaffold is made up of collagen, fibronectin and laminin.
The researchers chose immature heart cells because they thought these were most likely to work.
"The hope ultimately -- although we've got a ways to go -- is that we could take a scaffold from a pig or a cadaver and then take stem or progenitor cells from your body and actually grow a self-derived organ," she said.
Taylor said the process could be used on other organs, offering a potential new source of donor organs. It also could lead to organs that, in theory, would be less likely to be rejected by the body.
Nearly 50,000 people in the United States die each year waiting for a donor heart.
"This is an ingenious step towards solving a massive problem," Dr. Tim Chico of Britain's University of Sheffield said in a statement. "This study is very preliminary, but it does show that stem cells can regrow in the 'skeleton' of a donor heart."
(Editing by Maggie Fox and Xavier Briand)
實際情況是人類平均壽命的延長主要是因為出生死亡率的下降.值的注意的是,壽命是基因調控的,主要是遺傳決定的.這就是為什麽四處流浪還活了72歲,丘吉爾煙不離手,活了90多歲吧.根據筆者以前的從醫經曆,覺得多病的人不一定壽命短,實際情況也是如此.
那麽,壽命基因程序可不可以逆轉乃至於控製? 當然可以,問題是壽命與智力,生活質量等緊密的聯係在一起,此起彼必然伏,到頭來得不償失.
況且,富不過三代, 經濟學告訴我們, 人類的資源,包括可見和不可見的,不斷地劇烈地甚至是無序的再分配,這也是經濟發展的根本動力.舉例說明,克林頓的信息經濟打早了幾百萬millionnares,布什時代的經濟再創新,主要次按一類的re-credit,也打造了一批millionares.這才有多少年?
本質上說,這類誤解是因為學科的界限,而人的精力有極其有限,所以多交流還是好,避免犯缺乏common sense的錯誤.
因今天沒去實驗室,不知道今天Nature Medicine 雜誌online了有關文章.自然,把幹細胞再組織起來也應該僅僅是技術層麵的問題,這項成果不足為奇.其實,這跟養豬一樣簡單.
下一個倫理難題是, 不通過生殖,人造的生物人到底算不算人,給不給出生證明.