英語高級聽力 07 課 （譯文及圖片）

Lesson Seven

        Section One: News in Brief

        1. Both House and Senate negotiators today approved sweeping immigration legislation that could grant amnesty to millions of illegal aliens who entered the country before 1982. The bill, as worked, out in five hours of closed-door negotiations, would establish a system of fines against employers who hire illegal immigrants. It would also make those who came to the US illegally but have established roots in this country eligible for amnesty.
        2. The Supreme Court today agreed to decide if Illinois can require minors wanting abortions to notify their parents or obtain judicial consent. The justices will review the decision striking down a 1983 law, which required some girls to wait twenty-four hours after telling their parents they wanted an abortion.
        3. It was announced today that the winner of this year's Nobel Peace Prize is Elie Wiesel. He has written twenty' five books on his experiences in a Nazi prison of war camp and on the Holocaust. And he's been a human rights activist for thirty years. NPR's Mike Shuster reports. "Wiesel was sleeping in his Manhattan apartment when he received the word at five o'clock this morning from the Nobel Committee in Oslo , Norway . Wiesel said he was flabbergasted at the news, and later at a press conference, he said he would dedicate his Prize to the survivors of the Holocaust and their children. "The honor is not mine alone. It belongs to all the survivors who have tried to do something with their pain, with their memory, with their silence, with their life. "Wiesel, fifty-eight, is a native of Rumania . As a teenager, he and his family were sent to a Nazi death camp. He and two sisters survived; his mother, father, and younger sister did not. After the War, Wiesel went first to France , then to the United States . He is credited with the first use of the word 'Holocaust' to describe the Nazi extermination of the Jews."

        第一節 簡明新聞

        1. 眾參兩院的談判代表今天同意清掃移民立法障礙，可以給予 1982 年以前進入美國的數百萬非法移民以大赦。該法案的製定經過了 5 個小時的閉門談判，這將建立一個針對雇傭非法移民的雇主的罰款製度。這還將使那些非法進入美國，並且已經在這個國家落地生根的人們有特赦的資格。
        2. 最高法院今天同意裁定，伊利諾斯州能否要求未成年人需要墮胎時得通知其父母或獲得司法同意。法官將審查決定取消這項在 1983 年製定的法律。該法律要求一些女生需要墮胎時需要告訴他們的父母後等候 24 小時。
        3. 今天宣布了今年的諾貝爾和平獎獲得者是埃利威塞爾。他先後寫過 25 本關於在納粹戰俘營和有關大屠殺的經曆。而且他作為人權活動家已經 30 年了。全國公共電台邁克舒斯特的報道。 “ 當威塞爾今天淩晨 5 點接到挪威首都奧斯陸的諾貝爾委員會的電話時正在曼哈頓的寓所裏睡覺，他對這個消息大吃一驚，稍後在記者招待會上，他說他將把獎金捐獻給大屠殺的幸存者及其子女。 “ 這項榮譽並不是屬於我一個人。它屬於所有的試圖為他們的痛苦與記憶，為他們的沉默與他們的生活做些實事的幸存者。威塞爾， 58 歲，羅馬尼亞裔。當他是位一個少年時，他和他的家人被送進納粹死亡集中營。他和兩個姐妹幸存，他的母親，父親，妹妹卻沒有。戰後，威塞爾首先去了法國，然後是美國。他的功績是第一個使用 ’ 大屠殺 ’ 一詞來形容納粹對猶太人的種族滅絕。

1986年諾貝爾和平獎獲得者埃利威塞爾（1928-）




Section Two: News in Detail

          A House-Senate Conference Committee has agreed to an immigration reform bill. The measure, which had died in the final days of the fast two Congresses, now looks as though it will become law. NPR's Cokie Roberts reports.
         One of the chief advocates of the immigration bill, New York Democrat Charles Schumer, says that this year immigration became a white hat issue, that the forces fighting against the measures finally had a force on the opposite side of equal rate public opinion. The opponents of immigration reform have always been many: Hispanics in Congress and in the country have opposed the part of the bill most lawmakers consider key----punishment for employers who knowingly hire illegals. The measure, passed at a conference today, would provide civil penalties and criminal penalties for those who repeatedly hire illegal aliens. Hispanics worry the employer sanctions would cause discrimination against anyone with an accent or Spanish name, whether legal or not. The new bill includes strong anti-discrimination language for employers who do refuse to hire any Hispanics while still allowing someone to hire a citizen before an alien. To appease Hispanics and others, the immigration bill includes amnesty for aliens who have been in this country for five years. Many border state representatives fought against the legalization provisions, saying that millions of people could eventually become citizens and bring their relatives to this country. All those people could bankrupt the state's social services, said the representatives, but the idea of deporting all of those people seemed impractical as well as inhumane to most members of Congress. And aliens who came to this country before 1982 will be able to apply for legalization. The other major controversial area of the immigration bill is the farm worker program. Agricultural interests wanted to be able to bring workers into this country to harvest crops without being subjected to employer sanctions, but the trade unions opposed this section of the bill. Finally, a compromise was reached where up to three hundred and fifty thousand farm workers could come into this country, but their rights would be protected and they would also be able to apply for legalization if they met certain conditions. The elements of the final immigration package have been there all along, but this year, say the key lawmakers around this legislation, the Congress was ready to act on them. The combination of horror stories about people coming over the borders and editorials about congressional inability to act made members of Congress decide the time had come to enact immigration reform. But supporters of reform warn the end is not here yet. The conference report must still pass both houses of Congress, and a Senate filibuster is always a possibility. I'm Cokie Roberts at the Capitol.

第二節 詳細新聞 《移民法案》有望獲得國會通過

        一個參眾會議委員會已同意一項移民改革法案。這項措施，曾迅速地在兩次國會的最後幾天胎死腹中，現在看起來似乎將成為法律。全國公共電台科奇羅伯茨的報道。
        移民法案的主要倡導者之一，紐約州民主黨參議員查理斯舒默表示，今年的移民成為一個正麵的話題，該法案的反對勢力終於有了一個在來自於對立麵相等比率的公共輿論的力量。移民法改革的反對者一直很多：在國會的和國內的西班牙裔們，反對該法案的製定者主要考慮的法案的那個關鍵組成部分 ---- 懲罰雇用明知是非法移民的雇主。這項將對多次雇用非法移民的人給予民事處罰和刑事處罰措施在今天的一次會議上獲得通過。西班牙裔雇主擔心製裁會導致對有西班牙口音或名字的人產生歧視，而不管是他是否有合法身份。新的法案包括強烈的反對語言歧視，即雇主拒絕雇用任何拉美裔人，同時仍然允許有人雇用外國人之麵前優先雇傭公民。為了平息拉美裔和其他族裔，移民法案包括了對進入這個國家已有 5 年的外國人予以大赦。許多邊境州的代表反對這項合法化的條款，折意味這有數百萬人可能最終成為美國公民，而把他們的親屬接到這個國家裏來，這些人能使國家的社會服務係破產。代表們這樣說，但把這些人全部驅逐出境的想法似乎不切實際，大多數國會議員認為也不人道。 1982 年前進入這個國家的外國人將能夠申請合法化。移民法案其他主要的有爭議的地方是農場工人計劃。出於對農業利益的考慮這將有望能夠使更多的工人來到這個國家從事莊稼收割，而不會製裁雇主。但貿易工會反對法案中的這一部分。最後達成了妥協，同意多達 35 萬農場工人能夠來到這個國家，但他們的權利將受到保護，他們必須在現實情況下符合申請合法化的條件。最終移民法一攬子方案的諸多元素已經完成，但今年，主要的圍繞合法化的法律製定人表示，國會已準備好采取行動。綜合人們翻越邊界的駭人聽聞的報道和國會未能采取行動的評論使得國會議員們考慮到實施移民改革的時機已經到來。但改革的支持者們警告說最終的結果還沒有到來，會議的報告必須由國會參眾兩院通過，而來自參議院的阻撓依然可能。我是科奇羅伯茨在國會報道。

Section Three: Special Report

        Many photography shops are quite busy this time of the year. People back from vacation are dropping off rolls of film and hoping for the best. But commentator Tom Baudet learned a long time ago he was better off not hoping.
        I've been told that I take lousy pictures. It's not that my shots aren't technically OK; it's just that my pictures seem to bring out the worst in people. I hope that's not a sign of something. I usually end up throwing half the pictures I take. It's not that they're deceiving. Not at all; they're just too honest. It's true what they say that a camera never lays, but you certainly can lie to a camera. We do it all the time; at least we exaggerate a little to a lens. The first thing you'll usually hear when you point a camera at someone is, ' Wait, I'm not ready.' Well, so you wait while they brush the crumbs off their chin, put out a cigarette, or throw an arm around the person next to them like they've been standing that way all day Well, you get your picture, but it's blown all out of proportion. Everybody's having a little more fun than they really were and liking each other more than they actually do. We're all guilty of this on time or another. You're with your sweetheart traveling somewhere. You've been walking and complaining about the price of the room, the blister on your heel and the rude waitress at the cafe. But then you stop somebody on the street, hand them your camera, and put on your very best having-a-wonderful-time smile. Well, ten year later you'll look at that picture in a scrapbook and remember what great trip it was, whether it was or not. For it's a natural thing to do: plant little seeds of contentment in our lives in case we doubt we ever had any.
         Well, it's good practice to take an opportunity to mug up to a camera. There never seems to be a camera around for the real special times: that make-up embrace after a long and dangerous discussion, the look on your face as you hold the phone and hear you got that promotion, the quiet ride home from the hospital after learning those suspicious lumps were benign and something to watch but not worry about. Those are the memories that should be preserved, to be remembered and relied upon when harder times take hold. Those times when a photographer like me will catch you at a party with a loneliness on your face that you didn't think would show or bitterness tugging at your lips during a conversation you didn’t intend to be overheard. Well, we all slip up like this sometimes and sooner or later we get caught with our guards down. I think that's why I end up with pictures like that. I like it when people leave their guards down. We all know our best sides, and it's nice to keep that face forward whenever we can. But I don't mind having pictures of the other sides. Either way they all look just like people to me.
        Writer Tom Baudet. He lives in Homer, Alaska .

        第三節特別報道 作家湯姆保德特談攝影 

        許多攝影店每年這個時候都很忙。人們放假回來送來膠卷和最好的希望。但是評論家湯姆包德特經過很長一段研究之後他就最好不抱什麽希望。
        有人告訴過我拍的照片很糟。這並不是說我拍得不專業，是吧，是因為我的照片似乎要表現出人們最壞得一麵。我覺得這不意味著什麽。我通常扔掉我拍的一半的照片。這並不是說他們在蒙我。一點都沒有，他們非常誠實。的確他們說照相機不會撒謊，但你確實可以欺騙照相機。我們一直這麽做，至少我們可以在鏡頭前誇張一點。首先，到當你用照相機對準某人的時候，通常你會聽道說：“等等，我還沒有準備好。”那麽，當他們擦去下巴上的麵包屑，扔掉香煙，或用伸出胳膊挽住他旁邊的人好像他們整天都要一直這樣站著似的時候，然後，你拍到你的圖片，但這是有點誇張。每個人比起他們真實的那麵都多少有一點樂趣，而且相互之間所做的比他們實際做的要多一些。在這一點上在時間上和其他方麵我們都是有罪的。你與你的戀人到處去旅遊。你們一直在走，抱怨房間的價格，腳後跟上的水泡，咖啡吧裏粗魯的服務員。但你在街上攔住人，把你的照相機給他，擺出你的最好的具有美妙時刻的微笑。那麽，十年後，你將看到，這張照片就在一本剪貼本裏，回憶起那是一次多麽了不起的旅行，無論是與否。因為這是一件做來很自然的事：在我們的生活裏種下知足的小種子，免得（將來）我們會懷疑我們是否曾經擁有過。
        嗯，這是個好辦法抓住機會多拍些在相機裏。似乎永遠不會有一個相機能夠圍繞著真正地特殊時刻：比如經過長期和懸忽的討論後那些虛偽的擁抱，當你手裏拿著電話看你臉上聽到獲得晉升消息時的表情，在得知那些可疑的腫塊是良性的而且不用擔心之後，心平氣和地騎車回家時的樣子。這些都是應當保存的、值得記憶的，尤其在艱難時刻過去後必須應該記住。這時候，像我這樣的攝影師會在聚會上捕捉到你臉上意想不到會流露出來的孤獨的表情，或者在交談過程中因為聽到你不打算聽到的因為煩惱而拉長的嘴唇。好，我們有時都這樣搞錯過，遲早我們會放鬆一點我們的防備。我想這就是為什麽我最終放棄拍攝有這樣的照片。我喜歡當人們離開自己的警衛。我們都知道我們有最好的一麵，這使我們無論什麽時候隻要我們做得到就會保持向前看。但我不介意拍攝其他方麵的照片。無論哪種方式他們對我來說都和人們看我一樣。
       作家湯姆保德特，他居住在阿拉斯加州何摩爾

 Homer, Alaska 

阿拉斯加州何摩爾的夏日景色