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2.7 已有研究的不足以及本文研究開展的計劃

  2.7.1 國外相關研究的綜合評價

  國外文獻對於價格動量、反轉投資策略以及價值反轉投資策略研究比較深入,但對策略收益來源至今仍爭論不休。對於機構投資者動量交易策略(行為)的研究以及對於風格動量策略研究自90年代中後期才逐漸出現,尤其風格動量策略實證研究及模型研究近幾年才開始出現,尚屬一個較新的研究領域。

  國外對於動量及反轉投資策略研究多數基於美國證券市場,眾所周知,美國證券市場無論在市場規模、市場投資理念及投資行為等方麵是一個相對成熟的市場,而中國證券市場由於發展曆史較短,投資理念不成熟等原因尚屬一個新興市場,具有自身的獨特性。因此本文在借鑒與參考國外相關文獻時,力圖根據國內證券市場的特點對研究方法進行一定改進或立足於國內證券市場自身特點對研究結果進行解釋。

  Hong和Stein(2001)用公司規模以及分析師覆蓋(cover)來測度信息擴散的速度,對Hong和Stein(1999)信息逐漸擴散模型進行檢驗,發現由於利空消息在小規模公司以及低分析師覆蓋公司中緩慢擴散產生了價格動量。然而對於國內證券市場而言,小規模公司往往受到市場更大的關注,並且分析師對市場影響力並不明顯,然而成交量的變化往往伴隨著股價及消息麵的變化,因此我們引入成交量作為測度信息擴散速度以及動量交易規模的變量,構建了基於成交量的動量策略。

  Grinblatt,Tima和Wermers(1995)、Badrinath和Wahal(2002)等采用了機構投資者季度持股明細數據來檢驗基金的動量交易行為。與國外大型機構投資者如基金等通常采用分散化投資策略不同,國內證券投資基金往往采用集中持有的投資策略,因而重倉股交易可能更適合刻劃基金交易行為。國內基金季報數據通常隻包括前10名重倉股,為彌補數據存在的缺陷,我們在方法上采用一定的創新設計,對基金動量交易行為檢驗的魯棒性進行考察。

  Lewellen(2002)、Chen和DeBondt(2004)、Teo和Woo(2004)等在研究風格動量策略時,僅采用了規模及淨市值比率來刻劃投資風格。對於國內股市而言,市盈率(即益本比率的倒數)指標往往更受到普通投資者和機構投資者的重視,因此我們還重點引入了益本比率指標來構建風格動量投資策略。此外,我們還進一步構建了基於簡單風格的動量投資策略,並且用BS(2003)風格水平正反饋交易模型有關孿生風格(twins styles)假設進行解釋。

  2.7.2 國內相關研究的綜合評價

  國內對於動量及反轉投資策略研究基本集中於質樸價格動量及反轉策略,多數僅僅采用單一曆史收益率作為變量來構建策略組合,在研究方法上通常隻采用極端收益組合進行檢驗,對於策略收益來源亦缺少分析。

  相關價值反轉策略的係統性研究相對較少,而有關短期(周)反轉策略、基金動量交易策略及風格水平動量策略研究文獻至今仍較為少見。

  國內對於價格動量及反轉策略由於在樣本選擇、研究方法等方麵的不一致,所得結論分歧較大。沈藝峰和吳世農(1999)僅以淨資產收益率作為變量來構建反轉策略得到中國股市並不存在過度反應,王永宏和趙學軍(2001)等僅分別采用5隻極端收益個股作為輸家和贏家組合,其實證檢驗的穩健性值得商榷,而林秀梅和方毅(2004)應用Lo和Mavkinlay(1990)策略時僅采用極端收益組合,實證檢驗的穩健性值得探討,並且他們對周收益的界定亦未考慮到可能存在的周一或周末效應。

  曹敏和吳衝鋒(2004)、肖軍和徐信忠(2004)等研究了價值反轉策略,前者缺少相關的統計顯著性檢驗,而後者雖然嚴格按照Lakonishok,Shleifer和Vishny(1994)方法,但由於樣本期較短的限製,並未進一步作穩健性檢驗。我們在檢驗價值反轉策略時,還采用了重疊抽樣的方法來克服樣本期較短的缺陷,因而結論具有穩健性。

  2.7.3 本文研究開展計劃

  針對已有研究的不足之處,本文擬從以下幾個方麵開展研究:

  (1)在價格動量投資策略研究部分,首先根據Jegadeesh和Titman(1993,2001)及Hong和Stein(2000)研究設計,實證檢驗基於曆史收益率的價格動量策略(na?ve price momentum);其次以證券投資基金季報公布重倉股組合為樣本,考察證券投資基金的動量交易策略,並進一步分析基金交易行為的市場效應。

  (2)在風格動量策略研究部分,采用規模(SIZE)、益本比率(E/P)及淨市值比率(BM)等指標作為風格劃分變量,分別運用兩種代表性的風格動量投資策略--Chen和DeBondt(2004)風格動量策略以及Lewellen(2002)動量策略,實證檢驗基於複合風格水平以及簡單風格水平的動量投資策略,並進一步考察風格動量策略對於大型機構投資者的實際可操作性。這一部分還對風格動量策略收益進行分解及風險分析,並對實證結果運用Barberis和Shleifer(2003)風格水平正反饋交易模型進行解釋。

  (3)在價格反轉策略研究部分,首先運用Lo和Mavkinlay(1990)反轉策略設計、Jegadeesh和Titman(1995b)反轉收益分解框架並引入成交量衝擊對短期(周)反轉策略進行係統性研究;其次以重疊抽樣的方法檢驗長期反轉策略;最後,對參數反轉策略進行實證研究。

  (4)在價值反轉策略研究部分,主要根據Lakonishok,Shleifer和Vishny(1994)的研究設計,以淨市值比率(BM)、現金流淨額市價比率(C/P)、益本比率(E/P)、銷售收入增長率(GS)及規模(SIZE)等作為價值指標,實證研究一維價值反轉策略和二維價值反轉策略在組合持有期1--3年內的投資效果,並進一步考察價值反轉投資策略對於大型機構投資者的實際可操作性。這一部分還對價值股組合及成長股組合進行了風險分析。此外,還運用了Jegadeesh和Titman(1993,2001)重疊抽樣的方法進行魯棒性檢驗,以彌補樣本期相對較短的缺陷。

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  §§第3章 價格動量投資策略研究

  
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