n 1876, former California Governor Leland Stanford purchased 650 acres of Rancho San Francisquito for a country home and began the development of his famous Palo Alto Stock Farm. He later bought adjoining properties totaling more than 8,000 acres. The little town that was beginning to emerge near the land took the name Palo Alto (tall tree) after a giant California redwood on the bank of San Francisquito Creek. The tree itself is still there and would later become the university's symbol and centerpiece of its official seal.
The Stanford Family
Leland Stanford, who grew up and studied law in New York, moved West after the gold rush and, like many of his wealthy contemporaries, made his fortune in the railroads. He was a leader of the Republican Party, governor of California and later a U.S. senator. He and Jane had one son, who died of typhoid fever in 1884 when the family was traveling in Italy. Leland Jr. was just 15. Within weeks of his death, the Stanfords decided that, because they no longer could do anything for their own child, "the children of California shall be our children." They quickly set about to find a lasting way to memorialize their beloved son.
The Stanfords considered several possibilities – a university, a technical school, a museum. While on the East Coast, they visited Harvard, MIT, Cornell and Johns Hopkins to seek advice on starting a new university in California. (See note regarding accounts of the Stanfords visit with Harvard President Charles W. Eliot.) Ultimately, they decided to establish two institutions in Leland Junior's name - the University and a museum. From the outset they made some untraditional choices: the university would be coeducational, in a time when most were all-male; non-denominational, when most were associated with a religious organization; and avowedly practical, producing "cultured and useful citizens."
On October 1, 1891, Stanford University opened its doors after six years of planning and building. The prediction of a New York newspaper that Stanford professors would "lecture in marble halls to empty benches" was quickly disproved. The first student body consisted of 555 men and women, and the original faculty of 15 was expanded to 49 for the second year. The university’s first president was David Starr Jordan, a graduate of Cornell, who left his post as president of Indiana University to join the adventure out West.
The Stanfords engaged Frederick Law Olmsted, the famed landscape architect who created New York’s Central Park, to design the physical plan for the university. The collaboration was contentious, but finally resulted in an organization of quadrangles on an east-west axis. Today, as Stanford continues to expand, the university’s architects attempt to respect those original university plans.
斯坦福大學的創辦過程非常不順利。斯坦福開課的兩年後，老斯坦福與世長辭了，整個經營和管理大學的任務就落到了他的遺孀簡•斯坦福的身上。當時整個美國經濟情況不好，斯坦福夫婦的財產被凍結了。（我估計要麽當時美國財產法關於信托財產方麵不健全，要麽斯坦福夫婦沒有把他們的財產轉到自己信托 Living Trust 下麵。這種情況現在在美國不會發生）校長喬丹（Jordan）和學校其他顧問建議簡•斯坦福關掉斯坦福大學，至少等危機過去再說。這時，簡•斯坦福才想到她丈夫身前買了一筆人壽保險，她可以從中每年獲得一萬美元的年金。這一萬美元大抵相當於她以前貴族式生活的開銷。簡•斯坦福立即開始省吃儉用，將她家裏原來的十七個管家和仆人減少到三個，每年的開銷減少到三百五十美元，相當於一個普通大學教授一家的生活費。她將剩餘的近萬元全部交給了校長喬丹用於維持學校的運轉。從斯坦福夫人身上我們看到一位真正慈善家的美德。慈善不是在富有以後拿出自己的閑錢來沽名釣譽，更不是以此來為自己做軟廣告，慈善是在自己哪怕也很困難的時候都在幫助社會的一種善行。
