In the United States, universities are generally not allowed to share a student’s academic information with parents without the student's consent, due to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). However, there are some exceptions under which a university can disclose academic information to parents:
1. Student's Written Consent
-
If the student signs a FERPA release form authorizing the university to share academic records with their parents.
2. Student is a Dependent for Tax Purposes
-
If the student is claimed as a dependent on either parent’s most recent federal income tax return, the university may (but is not required to) disclose educational records to the parents without the student’s consent.
3. Health or Safety Emergency
-
If there's a significant health or safety emergency involving the student, the university can share information (including academic records, if relevant) with parents or guardians.
4. Violation of Drug or Alcohol Laws (for under-21 students)
-
If a student under the age of 21 violates any law or policy regarding the use or possession of alcohol or a controlled substance, universities may notify parents.
5. Legal Orders or Subpoenas
-
If there is a court order or subpoena requiring the university to release educational records to a parent (though the university typically notifies the student unless the order forbids it).
