[周末閑談] 莎士比亞十四行詩第１８首

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莎翁很能搞啊，為一個年輕男人寫了那麽多首十四行詩。

過去讀十四行詩譯本，實在不明白它們好在哪裏。看看著名的第18首(曹明倫翻譯）：

我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？      Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

雖然你比夏天更可愛更溫和：      Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

狂風會使五月嬌蕾紅消香斷，      Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

夏天擁有的時日也轉瞬即過；      And summer's lease hath all too short a date:

有時天空之巨眼目光太熾熱，      Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

它金燦燦的麵色也常被遮暗；      And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,

而千芳萬豔都終將凋零飄落，      And every fair from fair sometime declines,

被時運天道之更替剝盡紅顏；      By chance, or nature's changing course untrimm'd:

但你永恒的夏天將沒有止盡，      But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

你所擁有的美貌也不會消失，      Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,

死神終難誇口你遊蕩於死蔭，      Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,

當你在不朽的詩中永葆盛時；      When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,

隻要有人類生存，或人有眼睛，    So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,

我的詩就會流傳並賦予你生命。   So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

十四行詩意義上可分三個小段（quatrain），加最後兩句（couplet）作結。押韻規律是：abab cdcd efef gg。

曹明仁的翻譯似乎盡量按照這個規律。但是沒有區分平聲和仄聲。如原文 day和 May 押韻，但中文“天”和“斷”卻不是押韻的。

另外，莎翁的十四行詩每句都是10個音節（syllable)，分為5個音步（meter）。每個音步一個輕讀音節一個重讀音節構成抑揚格。中文翻譯就沒有體現出來。

比如： baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM.

Shall I / com PARE/ thee TO / a SUM / mer’s DAY?
Thou ART / more LOVE / ly AND / more TEM / per ATE (Sonnet 18)

不懂古英語？沒關係。老美也不一定懂。以下是現代英語翻譯：

Shall I compare you to a summer day?
You’re lovelier and milder.
Rough winds shake the pretty buds of May,
and summer doesn’t last nearly long enough.
Sometimes the sun shines too hot,
and often its golden face is darkened by clouds.
And everything beautiful stops being beautiful,
either by accident or simply in the course of nature.
But your eternal summer will never fade,
nor will you lose possession of your beauty,
nor shall death brag that you are wandering in the underworld,
once you’re captured in my eternal verses.
As long as men are alive and have eyes with which to see,
this poem will live and keep you alive.

順便說一句，過去不知道莎翁的戲劇都是無韻詩劇，抑揚音步俱全，隻是不押韻而已。你說牛不牛？

周末快樂！