試譯莎士比亞十四行詩全集前十八首

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我現在曬一曬我翻譯的莎士比亞十四行詩全集的第前十八首。先作幾點說明:

1. 一般說莎士比亞的前十七首十四行詩自成一組,是莎士比亞獻給一位據說是不願意結婚、很自戀的貴族青年的。“你得趕快結婚生孩子”---這就是這組詩歌的很簡單的主題。不過,莎士比亞通過反複用十四行詩吟詠這一主題向這位貴族展示了他的高超的語言藝術。我在這兒加上第十八首,是為了讓人看出這一首即是前麵一個第1-17首係列的結尾,又是後麵第18-129首的開頭.

 

2. 英文的十四行詩,在格律和合韻方麵和漢語的七律一樣有很嚴格的要求,一樣要有起承轉合。不過,雖然英文的十四行詩和漢語的七律在合的方麵都隻有兩行,但前者的起、承、轉都是由四行文字組成一個單位,而後者都是兩行。我的譯文分成四個單位排列,以幫助讀者看清原文的文思。

 

3. 為了在互文性方麵接近原文,我的譯文每行由五個音節組成。在押韻方麵,采取律詩和詞、曲中比較常見的一韻到底的做法,主要目的是為了突出原文裏的每首詩歌的特定語氣和腔調。至於為什麽要這麽做和是怎麽這樣做的,我以後會有說明。

 

4. 文學翻譯有很大一部分是做學問。我翻譯莎士比亞的十四行詩的主要參考書目如下:

a. StephenBooth, ed.  Shakespeare’s Sonnets,Edited with Analytic Commentary. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1977.

b. EricPartridge, Shakespeare’s Bawdy, Routeledge, New York, New York, 1968 ed.

c. Katherine Duncan-Jones ed, Shakespeare’s  Sonnets, London, The Arden Shakespeare, 2005.

 

5. 每篇譯文的後麵都有對原文的難點的注釋,以幫助讀者理解原文。這些注釋,有些是我自己的心得,有的是出自二手資料。為了簡便。我在注釋中引述的他人的出處暫時將不會逐一列出。


 

 

Sonnet1

1. From fairest creatures we desire increase,
2. That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
3. But as the riper should by time decease,
4. His tender heir might bear his memory:
5. But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,
6. Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
7. Making a famine where abundance lies,
8. Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel:
9. Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament,
10. And only herald to the gaudy spring,
11. Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
12. And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding:
13. Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
14. To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

我們希望最美的生靈繁衍多,

這樣美的玫瑰會永遠不衰敗,

不過時光會把老了的性命奪,

因此年輕的後代要把他記妥:

 

可是你隻跟你的亮眼睛簽約,

用自身燃料燒著你的光明火,

在豐腴的地方你挨饑又挨餓,

與己為敵殘害甜蜜的你自個;

 

全世界如今是你清新打扮著,

豔麗春光的惟一報春蕾一朵,

其內容都在你的蓓蕾裏埋沒,

吝嗇鬼造成浪費了,嫩小夥

 

憐惜這世界吧;否則就這麽過,

吃盡世界的份額,你和你墳座。

 

注:

1. 第一行,From fairest creatures we desire increase, 正常句式是We desire to increase from fairest creature. 為了作詩省略了不定式符號to。這句中的動詞increase既有繁衍也有數目不斷增長雙重意思。所以這句話的意思是說我們都希望從最美的生靈中繁衍成長。

2. 第二行,That thereby beauty's rose might never die在這句裏beauty’s rose是作比喻用,並不是實指玫瑰,而是間接又巧妙地指美好的人與其後代,聰明的讀者一定會看出這裏麵的修辭手法。另外,從詩意的多重性來說,詩人在這裏把他寫詩歌所歌頌的對象稱為最美的生靈,同時比作玫瑰,言下之意是說人們都希望像他那樣出生高貴又有美德的人多多的繁衍後代;這樣他這種人的美質才會長盛不衰。由此而連帶出更深一層意思:玫瑰花隻是美的外表,而美的實質則是永恒又普遍的。我在《前言》裏以經指出,這說法的理論源泉來自柏拉圖。請注意,莎士比亞在這裏就間接說出了這位是美的實質。這是莎士比亞在開篇就為後麵的許多類似作品定下的調子。以後我們可以看出這是莎士比亞用十四行詩歌讚頌這位青年的主調。

3.  5 -7 行,根據Pcontracted to thine own bright eyes, self-substantial fuel在這裏具有強烈的暗示,暗示這位男性本來可以在豐腴的地方找到燃料點亮自己的光明之火,可是他卻用自身的燃料自戀和自慰whereabundance lies豐腴之地; self-substantialself-substance (his own body)的形容詞形式,即來自自身的意思。



 

 

 

Sonnet 2

 

1.When forty winters shall besiege thy brow,
2. And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field,
3. Thy youth's proud livery so gazed on now,
4. Will be a totter'd weed of small worth held:
5. Then being asked, where all thy beauty lies,
6. Where all the treasure of thy lusty days;
7. To say, within thine own deep sunken eyes,
8. Were an all-eating shame, and thriftless praise.
9. How much more praise deserv'd thy beauty's use,
10. If thou couldst answer 'This fair child of mine
11. Shall sum my count, and make my old excuse,'
12. Proving his beauty by succession thine!
13. This were to be new made when thou art old,
14. And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st it cold.

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

當四十個冬天包圍你的眉毛,

在你的美麗原野深挖戰壕,

你青春的驕傲,如今人人愛,

將不值什麽就如同一把荒草。

 

如問到,你的美都去哪兒了,

還有性欲衝動時所有的寶寶,

若說到,都在你的深眼窩裏,

吞噬一切的羞恥讚揚也徒勞。

 

若答曰,我這個孩子多美妙 

總結我的一生,補償我的老,

證明他的美繼承了你的美好,

你的美這麽用,讚揚值多少。

 

這才是新的長大時你已經老,

此身感到冷看到彼身熱血跑。

注: 

1. 第三行中的  livery 在這裏是借代,指高貴的外表,並非是實指表示貴族身份的衣服。

2. 第六行Where all the treasure ofthy lusty days; 貪欲之日的寶貝(thetreasure of thy lusty days)是文雅之詞,暗指既讓男人貪欲,又傳宗接代的東西, 所以稱為寶貝,這是與作者同時代流行的說法. 請參見Partridge. 

3. 第七行,To say, within thine owndeep sunken eyes, 深陷的眼窩,是借代。綜合第六,七這兩行的意思是說:貪欲的寶貝都到深深的眼窩裏去了。這裏麵有至少兩層意思:一指眼眶裏飽含淚水,即自戀;另一層意思是暗示指年輕的貴族把自己當作性愛的對象。

4. 第十一行,make my old excuse = to makereparation (excuse) for my own old age. (See Katherine, p.114)


 

 

Sonnet 3

1. Look in thy glass and tell the face thou viewest
2. Now is the time that face should form another;
3. Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest,
4. Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother.
5. For where is she so fair whose unear'd womb
6. Disdains the tillage of thy hu*****andry?
7. Or who is he so fond will be the tomb
8. Of his self-love, to stop posterity?
9. Thou art thy mother's glass and she in thee
10. Calls back the lovely April of her prime;
11. So thou through windows of thine age shalt see,
12. Despite of wrinkles this thy golden time.
13. But if thou live, remember'd not to be,
14. Die single and thine image dies with thee.


 

 

3

請照鏡子說與鏡中臉龐聽,

那張臉龐再造一張要趕緊,

清新的形象你如果不換新,

會欺世誤人,少人一母親。

 

哪有哪位淑女子宮沒耕耘,

竟會鄙視你作丈夫耕作勤?

哪有哪位男人自戀如此蠢,

自戀到墳墓,血脈全斷盡?

 

你是一麵鏡子映照你母親,

從中她找回她鼎盛四月春;

你應知道等你老去滿皺紋,

也能憑窗觀看此刻貴如金。

 

不過如你活著惦記沒有人,

你和你的容貌死都是單身。 

 

注: 

1. 第一行中的glass,在十四行詩中一般都是指mirror.

2. 第三行,Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest to renew something’s fresh repair這個習慣搭配的變異,即重新把修葺一新的意思,加強前麵的reform(再造一個)的意思。這句話的言下之意是你現在這張臉龐開始顯老了,如果現在你還不趕快生個有這張臉龐的孩子,那麽以後就生不出來了,世上就少了一份某位女人做母親的福氣。

3. 第四行中的unbless some mother是剝奪某個女人做母親的福氣的意思

4. 第五行, For where is she so fair whose unear'd womb 中的unear'd unploughed的比喻和誇張用法。

5. 第六行,Disdains the tillage of thy hu*****andry中的hu*****andry是個雙關,既指辛勤管理農田又指當丈夫。

6. 第七行,fond 有兩重意思,一是silly, foolish, 一是loving


 

 

Sonnet 4

1.Unthrifty loveliness, why dost thou spend
2. Upon thy self thy beauty's legacy?
3. Nature's bequest gives nothing, but doth lend,
4. And being frank she lends to those are free:
5. Then, beauteous niggard, why dost thou abuse
6. The bounteous largess given thee to give?
7. Profitless usurer, why dost thou use
8. So great a sum of sums, yet canst not live?
9. For having traffic with thy self alone,
10. Thou of thy self thy sweet self dost deceive:
11. Then how when nature calls thee to be gone,
12. What acceptable audit canst thou leave?
13. Thy unused beauty must be tombed with thee,
14. Which, used, lives th' executor to be.

4         

不知節儉的可人,為什麽

你繼承的美你隻用於自己?

老天的饋贈是放貸非白給,

她大方,誰自由就貸給誰:

 

美麗的吝嗇鬼,慷慨給你

讓你給的美你為什麽浪費?

你貸款不生息,守著金額

一大筆,為什麽活不下去?

 

因為你隻跟你自己作交易,

有意把甜蜜的自我自相欺:

所以等到老天召喚你去時,

查你這筆帳你如何查得起?

 

美麗不用必定與君墳墓隨,

如用,就有人活著作承繼。

 

注:

1. 這首詩貫穿著一個構思巧妙又複雜的暗喻。西方的詩歌理論十分看重比喻。柏拉圖說過,不會用比喻絕不可能成為詩人而會用比喻則有可能成為詩人。在莎士比亞之前,英文詩歌中的比喻一般隻是簡單的比喻,即用一物比另一物:如玫瑰般的美人等等。莎士比亞十四行詩中的比喻很多都是複雜的比喻,都是用生活中的某一事件所涉及的複雜關係來比喻作品中某一事件所涉及的許多複雜關係。例如,這首詩歌中的比喻是把娶妻生孩子中的各種重要關係比作是經濟生活中的放貸所牽涉到的重要關係。具體的說,就是這個貴族青年的內在和外在美被比作是老天免費贈送的本錢,但這本錢不是隻給他自己用,他得放貸。放貸是讓錢生錢,結婚是讓孩子生孩子,因此生孩子就是幫老天賺錢,讓老天的本錢生出利息。這是通過比喻的把這兩件事情連接起來的連接點。另外,放貸的目的是讓美世代相傳,這是這首詩的主題和重點。這種比喻是莎士比亞對英文詩歌的重要貢獻。在英文修辭法裏有個專門的術語叫作conceit, 我把它譯作複雜的比喻。

2. 請注意貫穿於此詩中的莊重又詼諧的語氣:你要是不放貸,等你死去時,老天要跟你查賬,你會查不起。這種查賬相當於宗教中的最後的審判,想到這裏會讓人在感受莊重氣氛時也感受到詼諧的口吻。

3. 第四行中shelends to those are free = those who are free spirited, 根據Booth,沒有語法上的錯誤,是為了方便寫詩的變通。另外這個片語是指精神上自由大方的人, 特指文藝複興時期所倡導的具有獨立精神的人,這是美的實質。


 

 

 5

 

Those hours, that with gentle work did frame

The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell,

Will play the tyrants to the very same

And that unfair which fairly doth excel:

For never-resting time leads summer on

To hideous winter and confounds him there;

Sap cheque'd with frost and lusty leaves quite gone,

Beauty o'ersnow'd and bareness every where:

Then, were not summer's distillation left,

A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,

Beauty's effect with beauty were bereft,

Nor it nor no remembrance what it was:

But flowers distill'd though they with winter meet,

Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet.


 

 

5

 

那些溫柔地度過的時辰,

造就你人人注目的眼神,

會對同一作品行如暴君,

將高超的美同樣摧殘盡。

 

因時間誘拐夏日總不停,

拐他到醜惡冬天遭蹂躪;

霜凍物華,馥葉去無痕,

四野光禿,美在雪中隱。

 

若非夏之精曾經被提純,

成液體囚徒玻璃管裏困,

則美和美的效果都喪盡,

美沒了連是啥都記不準:

 

但花兒遇冬,如被提純,

則外表雖失,內質甘醇。

 

注:

1. 第二行,The lovely gaze where中的where whereon的省略,意思相當於on which.

2. 第四行,And that unfair whichfairly doth exceed,正常語序是and unfair that which doth fairlyexceed ,這裏unfair 是作動詞用,剝奪美麗的意思,這一行是一個定語從句,修飾第三行裏的tyrant

3. 第九行,Then, were notsummer's distillation left, = were it not for summer’s distillation left, 虛擬語氣。請注意,從這裏開始到結尾用了從(玫瑰)花朵提出香精做成玫瑰露香水放在玻璃管子中、保存美的精華這一暗喻。而且它還和後麵一首相呼應,把射精也比作從玫瑰花朵提取玫瑰露的香精,用以保存美的實質。當然那個玻璃管子也就有了相對的性暗示。

 


 

 

Sonnet 6

 

Then let not winter's ragged hand deface

In thee thy summer, ere thou be distill'd:

Make sweet some vial; treasure thou some place

With beauty's treasure, ere it be self-kill'd.

That use is not forbidden usury,

Which happies those that pay the willing loan;

That's for thyself to breed another thee,

Or ten times happier, be it ten for one;

Ten times thyself were happier than thou art,

If ten of thine ten times refigured thee:

Then what could death do, if thou shouldst depart,

Leaving thee living in posterity?

Be not self-will'd, for thou art much too fair

To be death's conquest and make worms thine heir.


 

 

6

那麽你被提精要趕早,別讓

冬天的髒手毀了你夏天容貌:

香管準備好,找地方藏好寶,

在美的寶寶自殺之前要趕早。

 

這麽做沒犯放高利貸的禁條,

會讓那情願還貸之人樂陶陶;

那是為你自己培育棵幸福苗,

若以一育十,則十倍幸福靠:

 

你會是位十倍於今的快活佬,

若你之十再十倍把你來複造:

等到你走時死能把你怎麽著,

子孫後代你不就活在其中了?

 

你不要倔強,你實在太美妙,

不能讓蛆蟲傳宗讓死給毀掉。

 

注:

1. 第三和第四行:Make sweet somevial; treasure thou some place/  Withbeauty's treasure, ere it be self-kill'd. 全句的正常語序為(Thou Make some vial sweetthou  treasure some place with beauty’s treasure. (直譯為:你快讓條管道生清香,你快用美麗的寶寶讓個地方成為寶。管道和某個地方都有性暗示)

2. 第五行,That use is notforbidden usury,   那麽放貸沒犯法律哪一條,當時放高利貸是違法行為,見《威尼斯商人》。

3. 第六行,Which happiesthose that pay the willing loan; 中的happies作動詞用,make …happy的意思。注意,這一行與前麵第四首中的放貸暗喻相呼應,並且詼諧地指出,雖然男性接受老天的貸款,但還貸款利息(即為老天和丈夫生孩子)的是女性,而且她還很高興。

 


 

Sonnet 7

 

Lo! in the orient when thegracious light
Lifts up his burning head, each under eye
Doth homage to his new-appearing sight,
Serving with looks his sacred majesty;
And having climb'd the steep-up heavenly hill,
Resembling strong youth in his middle age,
Yet mortal looks adore his beauty still,
Attending on his golden pilgrimage:
But when from highmost pitch, with weary car,
Like feeble age, he reeleth from the day,
The eyes, 'fore duteous, now converted are
From his low tract, and look another way:
So thou, thyself outgoing in thy noon
Unlooked on diest unless thou get a son.


 

 

7

瞧,東方的那團高雅的燈光

抬起燃燒著的頭,看眼底下

人人都拜謁他新出時的景象,

服從他的威嚴的表情掛臉上;

 

當他爬升到陡峭的天穹之頂,

已到中年但是仍像青年強壯,

塵世的目光對其美仍然讚賞,

崇拜他跟隨著他的金色光芒:

 

不過當車馬疲乏達到頂點後、

他像老人告別白天跌跌撞撞,

人們的眼睛,從前那麽虔誠,

如今從他的低軌道轉換方向。

 

你啊,你自己已過正午時光,

沒兒子,你死沒人守在身旁。

 

注:

1. 請注意,在這首詩裏詩人開始把所愛的人比作太陽。太陽是光,是生命,是美麗和真實的實質,物質的東西隻是它的表象。作者將在後來的詩篇中反複頌揚這一點。

2. 第九行,But when from highmost pitch, with weary car,根據希臘神話,太陽是乘著馬車每天從東向西巡遊。


 

Sonnet 8

 

Music to hear, why hear'stthou music sadly?
Sweets with sweets war not, joy delights in joy:
Why lov'st thou that which thou receiv'st not gladly,
Or else receiv'st with pleasure thine annoy?
If the true concord of well-tuned sounds,
By unions married, do offend thine ear,
They do but sweetly chide thee, who confounds
In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear.
Mark how one string, sweet hu*****and to another,
Strikes each in each by mutual ordering;
Resembling sire and child and happy mother,
Who, all in one, one pleasing note do sing:
Whose speechless song being many, seeming one,
Sings this to thee: 'Thou single wilt prove none.'


 

 

8

聽汝樂,汝何聽樂傷感多?

甜甜不相鬥,樂樂互生和:

受之既不樂,樂之又惱火,

熱衷於此你為什麽這麽做?

 

婚姻為聯合,妙音共切磋,

聲音和諧如果咯了你耳朵,

一人扮演多重角色你搞錯,

甜蜜和聲責罵你也不為過。

 

請看此弦樂為彼弦夫君佐,

互相配合發揮作用互磋磨,

好比父、母、孩子幸福播,

一個整體一個調子共吟哦:

 

無語歌聲多,為君似一歌,

孤零零你證明不了什麽

注:

1. 第十四行,'Thou single wilt prove none'根據Partridge, Among a number one is reckoned none(數目中一可以看作是無意義)。不過,與莎士比亞同時代的詩人Christphor Marlowe 寫的詩句:One is no number, maids are nothing then,給這句話加上了男女如果打單身則不會有任何意義的意思。Nothing 因此也暗指不曾有過交媾經驗的男女。請參見我在136首作的注釋。

2. 這首詩歌是用樂器上的兩根琴弦合奏奏出的和聲來比喻夫妻之間的唱和生出和聲(子女)從而像樂器一樣奏出全家樂。


Sonnet 9

 

1. Is it for fear to wet a widow's eye,
2. That thou consum'st thy self in single life?
3. Ah! if thou issueless shalt hap to die,
4. The world will wail thee like a makeless wife;
5. The world will be thy widow and still weep
6. That thou no form of thee hast left behind,
7. When every private widow well may keep
8. By children's eyes, her hu*****and's shape in mind:
9. Look what an unthrift in the world doth spend
10. Shifts but his place, for still the world enjoys it;
11. But beauty's waste hath in the world an end,
12. And kept unused the user so destroys it.
13. No love toward others in that bosom sits
14. That on himself such murd'rous shame commits.


 

9

是否因為害怕寡婦的淚水長流,

所以你才要打單身將自己毀透?

全世界都會作你的未亡人痛哭,

啊!假如你真的不幸死去無後。

 

全世界都會是你一個人的寡婦,

都會痛哭你死去之後形影未留,

隻不過私人的寡婦看到孩子時

會清晰回憶她丈夫當初的眼眸:

 

瞧,浪蕩子在這世上浪蕩個夠,

換位置,這世界仍歡迎他回頭,

可是這世上美不會被浪費不完,

美毀在把不用當作用的人之手。

 

誰要是對自己這般謀殺一樣羞,

誰胸中對他人的愛就根本沒有。 

 

注:

1. 第四行,a  makeless  wife =  a mateless wife,

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sonnet  10

 

1.For shame deny that thoubear'st love to any,
2. Who for thy self art so unprovident.
3. Grant, if thou wilt, thou art beloved of many,
4. But that thou none lov'st is most evident:
5. For thou art so possessed with murderous hate,
6. That 'gainst thy self thou stick'st not to conspire,
7. Seeking that beauteous roof to ruinate
8. Which to repair should be thy chief desire.
9. O! change thy thought, that I may change my mind:
10. Shall hate be fairer lodged than gentle love?
11. Be, as thy presence is, gracious and kind,
12. Or to thyself at least kind-hearted prove:
13. Make thee another self for love of me,
14. That beauty still may live in thine or thee.


 

10

否認愛任何人真是好不知羞,

對待自己你竟如此不知綢繆,

如不棄,假定多人愛你可否,

但這些人你都不愛最為荒謬

 

因為你恨自己恨的中了魔咒,

巧設局謀害自己你毫不停留,

一根棍搗你的華屋搗到腐朽,

好好的維修本該是萬念之首。

 

改變想法吧,我好改變念頭,

難道恨之居真美過愛巢溫柔?

學你的舉止,你要大方善良,

對你自己你至少得善良心有。

 

為愛我趕快將另一個你造就,

美才有活於你後代中的時候。

 

注:

1. 根據Partridge, 第六和第七行, That ‘gainst thy self thou stick’st not toconspire/ Seeking that beauteous roof to ruinate,這兩行中,stick 作動詞有兩義,1) stick’st notdon’t hesitate 的意思,這樣就讀作thou stickst not to conspire againstthyself;  2)stick 作動詞表示用棍子(注意這裏麵的性暗示)鼓搗,這樣就讀作thou stick against thyself not to conspire, 你設局用棒搗你自己,就是暗地裏你搞自慰。

2. 第七行, Seeking that beauteous roof to ruinate注意Ruinate urinate(排尿)相比,隻變兩個相同字母的位置。

3. 第十三行,Make thee anotherself for love of me 中的for love of me為愛我),是第一次向對方求愛。被懷疑是同性戀。

                                                                                                                        


 

Sonnet   11

 

1. As fast as thou shaltwane, so fast thou grow'st
2. In one of thine, from that which thou departest;
3. And that fresh blood which youngly thou bestow'st,
4. Thou mayst call thine when thou from youth convertest.
5. Herein lives wisdom, beauty, and increase;
6. Without this folly, age, and cold decay:
7. If all were minded so, the times should cease
8. And threescore year would make the world away.
9. Let those whom nature hath not made for store,
10. Harsh, featureless, and rude, barrenly perish:
11. Look whom she best endowed, she gave the more;
12. Which bounteous gift thou shouldst in bounty cherish:
13. She carved thee for her seal, and meant thereby,
14. Thou shouldst print more, not let that copy die.


 

 

11

你將很快衰老,你在後代裏也將

同樣快成長,然後告別後代消亡,

當你度過了青春,你年輕的時候

授予的新鮮骨血可說成你的一樣。

 

那裏麵活著智慧、美麗、和成長,

沒有骨血則是愚蠢,衰老和消亡,

如果都跟你同樣想,時代會停止,

六十年很可能把這個世界消滅光。

 

就讓那些生來老天不讓傳宗的人,

死去無子嗣、粗魯、困苦、肮髒,

老天給誰天賦越多就越多的獲獎,

她給了你那麽多的天賦你要珍藏。

 

她把你刻成她的圖章,是這麽想,

別讓那形模死去,你得多多蓋章。

 

注:

1. 第七行,If all were mindedso (如果都跟你想),即如果都跟你一樣不想娶妻生子。

2. 第九行,Let those whomnature hath not made for store中的store是莎士比亞在他的作品中反複使用的字眼,作selectionand production of the best of a species解,選種、傳宗接代的意思。請參見我在第十四首裏的注釋。

3. Which bounteous gift thou shouldst in bounty cherish:豐富禮物該在豐富藏即要他多生孩子,以便讓自然送給他的美代代相傳。


Sonnet 12

 

1. When I do count the clock that tells the time,
2. And see the brave day sunk in hideous night;
3. When I behold the violet past prime,
4. And sable curls, all silvered o'er with white;
5. When lofty trees I see barren of leaves,
6. Which erst from heat did canopy the herd,
7. And summer's green all girded up in sheaves,
8. Borne on the bier with white and bristly beard,
9. Then of thy beauty do I question make,
10. That thou among the wastes of time must go,
11. Since sweets and beauties do themselves forsake
12. And die as fast as they see others grow;
13. And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence
14. Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence.


 

 

12

當我數著鍾聲跟著報時間,

看著白天沉入可憎的夜晚,

當我看見紫羅蘭不再盛開,

看見烏黑的卷發銀白發卷;

 

當我看見高木光禿著枝幹,

過去曾是牛羊乘涼的華冠,

夏日的青禾割成捆捆麥秸,

白胡子拉碴般堆棺材上麵,

 

於是對你的美麗我得詰難,

既然甜和美都是自我了斷,

己之死彼之生發展同樣快,

為什麽跟時間的垃圾作伴?

 

誰都難擋時間的鐮刀彎彎,

來割你時要抗爭隻有繁衍。

 

注:

1. And die asfast as they see others grow As fast as不是字麵意思,而是為了合乎抑揚格的詩律,變其意為when they grow to death they see to it thatothers grow up .

2. 在這裏詩人把結婚生子上升到了道德高度,指出人們把生命傳給後代,和樹木為牛羊遮蔭,麥子老去為人食用一樣,在自己死去的同時做到了讓其它生靈獲得生命。美好的東西在死去時都能做到這一點,你這麽美,為什麽做不到這一點呢?為什麽你死去時要和那些浪費了時間的廢物為伴呢?這是很有力度的道德美的問題。更重要的是,詩人在這裏認為生死為一,都是美這抽象概念的意誌的表現。

 


 

 

 

Sonnet 13

1. O! that you were your self; but, love, you are
2. No longer yours, than you your self here live:
3. Against this coming end you should prepare,
4. And your sweet semblance to some other give:
5. So should that beauty which you hold in lease
6. Find no determination; then you were
7. Yourself again, after yourself's decease,
8. When your sweet issue your sweet form should bear.
9. Who lets so fair a house fall to decay,
10. Which hu*****andry in honour might uphold,
11. Against the stormy gusts of winter's day
12. And barren rage of death's eternal cold?
13. O! none but unthrifts. Dear my love, you know,
14. You had a father: let your son say so.


 

13

啊多希望你是你自己,親愛的,

你不再是自己,正如你活在此;

為將來的這結局你應作好準備,

整出個人長相與甜美的你相似:

 

這樣你簽租約租賃到手的美麗

就不會到期,而你的甜美後裔

將承載著你具有的甜美的形象,

這樣你自己死後你仍有你自己。

 

支撐華屋抵禦冬天陣陣狂風吹,

還有那死亡的永恒荒涼和暴戾,

這本是勤勉做丈夫的光榮責任,

有誰會放任這屋子坍塌成腐泥?

 

隻有敗家子!你知道,親愛的,

你有父:這話要讓兒子說得起。

 

注:

1. 第十行,Whichhu*****andry in honour might uphold, 請注意莎士比亞多次使用hu*****andry 這個詞。此字在英文中有家產管理、耕耘、務農和丈夫的身份等多種意思,在這裏也有以上多重意思,並不隻是做丈夫的意思。

Sonnet 14
1. Not from the stars do I myjudgement pluck;
2. And yet methinks I have Astronomy,
3. But not to tell of good or evil luck,
4. Of plagues, of dearths, or seasons' quality;
5. Nor can I fortune to brief minutes tell,
6. Pointing to each his thunder, rain and wind,
7. Or say with princes if it shall go well
8. By oft predict that I in heaven find:
9. But from thine eyes my knowledge I derive,
10. And, constant stars, in them I read such art
11. As truth and beauty shall together thrive,
12. If from thyself, to store thou wouldst convert;
13. Or else of thee this I prognosticate:
14. Thy end is truth's and beauty's doom and date.


 

14

我並非根據星星占卜未來,

但我認為我已掌握星相術,

可是我不預報運氣的好歹、

瘟疫、災荒、節氣的好壞;

 

我也不報某人的風雨雷電,

把命運中的分秒簡單編排,

或者常觀天像以準確預報

王孫公子是否受命運青睞;

 

而是從你眼中我學習成才,

點點恒星啊,我從中看到

真和美都昌盛的藝術光彩,

隻是你要從自己想到後代。

 

否則我這樣為你預報未來,

你死之日真和美與你同埋!

 

注:

1. 第十二行If from thyself,to store thou wouldst convert,正常語序是If thouwouldst convert from theyself to store,隻要你把注意力從你個人轉向傳宗接代。這裏的if only if的簡寫。另外,store是名詞,作選育良種(selection and production of the best of aspecies) 解。和第十一首第九行Let those whom nature hath not made for store 中的store同義。


Sonnet 15


1. When I consider everything that grows
2. Holds in perfection but a little moment,
3. That this huge stage presenteth nought but shows
4. Whereon the stars in secret influence comment;
5. When I perceive that men as plants increase,
6. Cheered and checked even by the self-same sky,
7. Vaunt in their youthful sap, at height decrease,
8. And wear their brave state out of memory;
9. Then the conceit of this inconstant stay
10. Sets you most rich in youth before my sight,
11. Where wasteful Time debateth with decay
12. To change your day of youth to sullied night,
13. And all in war with Time for love of you,
14. As he takes from you, I engraft you new.

 

 


 

 

15

 

每當我考慮到萬物的生長

其完美隻不過是短暫一時,

巨大的舞台隻是擺擺樣子,

星屬早已給台上悄定消息;

 

又念及到人們如草木繁殖,

在同一片天空下時樂時息,

炫耀青春血氣,衰於極盛,

直到當年勇再沒有人提起;

 

於是這一永不休止的構思,

在我眼前出現你青春亮麗,

還有蹉跎和腐朽正在辯論,

要把你青春日變成夜如漆,

 

為愛你,萬物在與時間爭執,

來抓你,我把你嫁接上新枝。

注:

1. 第五行When I perceive that men asplants increase中的increase和第一首第一行的increase同義,主要意思是繁殖。

2. 第九行Then the conceit of thisinconstant stay中的conceit是精巧的構思或誇張的想象的意思。第10—14行就是這個conceit的內容。若要進一步了解英語文學中的conceit,請閱讀莎士比亞幾乎是同時代的John Donne

 

 


 

 

Sonnet 16

1.But wherefore do not you a mightier way
2. Make war upon this bloody tyrant, Time?
3. And fortify your self in your decay
4. With means more blessed than my barren rhyme?
5. Now stand you on the top of happy hours,
6. And many maiden gardens, yet unset,
7. With virtuous wish would bear you living flowers,
8. Much liker than your painted counterfeit:
9. So should the lines of life that life repair,
10. Which this, Time's pencil, or my pupil pen,
11. Neither in inward worth nor outward fair,
12. Can make you live your self in eyes of men.
13. To give away yourself, keeps yourself still,
14. And you must live, drawn by your own sweet skill.

 

16

那你何不采取辦法更強大,

與嗜血暴君---時間廝殺,

邊老去邊為自己修築城堡,

比我這空洞詩行幸福有加?

 

你幸福在於你的鼎盛年華,

許多處女園,還沒種播撒,

懷德馨都願為你結籽開花,

要比你的肖像畫隻真不假:

 

如果生命將譜係這般規劃,

時間的工筆與我學的筆法,

都畫不了你活在世人眼裏,

活生生的外美內美美無價。

 

獻出你自己,仍葆你自家,

你活著,美妙你自己描畫。

 

注:

1. 第八行中的Much likermuch more like you 之簡省寫法 

2. 第十行 Which this,Time's pencil, or my pupil pen中的this 無論在語法功能還是語義上都是個很有爭議的詞。但是多數人認為this後麵的逗號是編輯上的技術錯誤,正確的句子標點應該是 which thistime’s pencil, or my pupil pen

Sonnet 17

1. Who will believe my verse in time to come,
2. If it were filled with your most high deserts?
3. Though yet heaven knows it is but as a tomb
4. Which hides your life, and shows not half your parts.
5. If I could write the beauty of your eyes,
6. And in fresh numbers number all your graces,
7. The age to come would say 'This poet lies;
8. Such heavenly touches ne'er touched earthly faces.'
9. So should my papers, yellowed with their age,
10. Be scorned, like old men of less truth than tongue,
11. And your true rights be termed a poet's rage
12. And stretched metre of an antique song:
13. But were some child of yours alive that time,
14. You should live twice, in it, and in my rhyme.


 

17

如都是對你美德的最高稱讚,

將來會有誰相信我寫的詩篇?

雖然天知道它像葬你的墳墓,

遠沒有彰顯出一半你的才幹。

 

要是我能描寫你眼睛的美麗,

並吟誦你的美德以格律新鮮,

詩人是騙子,後人會這麽說,

“天使絕不會撫摸土佬的臉”。

 

所以這些詩頁會隨歲月發黃,

被人譏為老人一樣話長理短,

你的真實會看成詩人的瘋癲,

或者一支古老的歌格律強牽。

 

但是如你孩子活在那段時間,

在孩子,我詩中,你活兩遍。

 

注:

1. 第六行And in freshnumbers number all your graces 中的freshnumbers = fresh verses.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sonnet 18

1. Shall Icompare thee to a summer's day?
2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,
8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.


 

 

18

 

把你比作夏日該如何比起?

你秉性更溫和容貌更美麗:

風刮五月的嬌蕾哪有憐惜,

夏季也隻是太短一段租期。

 

明亮的眼在天也有太熱時,

金色麵容也常讓烏雲遮蔽,

無論是偶然還是必然規律,

凡是美都是從美麗中衰退。

 

但你將與時間永生於此詩,

你的夏天將永葆風采如昔,

你不會失去你擁有的美麗,

死炫耀不了你在它的影裏。

 

隻要眼還能看,還能呼吸,

還活著,就將生命賦予你

 

注:

1. 第一行Shall Icompare thee to a summer's day? 中的Shall I 在這裏的含蓄意思是,明知有困難卻仍要做某事,於是自己給自己打氣說:我做……該怎麽做起?

2. And summer'slease hath all too short a date 這個租期和前麵的第四首的租期是同一個道理,即美好的東西,如夏天和美人,都是從上天那兒租來的,人們得給上天還利息。

 



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    好長,先頂一下,有時間再仔細拜讀。 -散漫- 給 散漫 發送悄悄話 散漫 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 03/24/2013 postreply 09:03:31

    學問當是這樣做。致意!詩歌,是心靈的舞蹈,不必拘泥格式。莎翁的隱喻,不是現在人人能懂的。 -老哈哈- 給 老哈哈 發送悄悄話 老哈哈 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 03/24/2013 postreply 09:28:24

    謝謝您的寶貴意見 -yuanxiang- 給 yuanxiang 發送悄悄話 yuanxiang 的博客首頁 (55 bytes) () 03/24/2013 postreply 17:06:15

    多謝原鄉老師。。。阿童收藏學習! -阿童木牧- 給 阿童木牧 發送悄悄話 阿童木牧 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 03/24/2013 postreply 12:08:46

    學習了。 -LinMu- 給 LinMu 發送悄悄話 LinMu 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 03/24/2013 postreply 13:46:22

    實在是太豐富~。 的確得容我等慢慢品, 佩服! -Eragon- 給 Eragon 發送悄悄話 Eragon 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 03/24/2013 postreply 16:29:49

    謝謝散漫,老哈哈,阿童,林木,電子龍等賞閱 -yuanxiang- 給 yuanxiang 發送悄悄話 yuanxiang 的博客首頁 (41 bytes) () 03/24/2013 postreply 16:33:29

    做大學問的,意韻俱佳 -nuts000- 給 nuts000 發送悄悄話 nuts000 的博客首頁 (19 bytes) () 03/24/2013 postreply 16:40:02

    原來是大家, 做大學問的,意韻俱佳 -nuts000 -Hope_Hope- 給 Hope_Hope 發送悄悄話 Hope_Hope 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 03/24/2013 postreply 17:24:21

    敬仰 -秦照- 給 秦照 發送悄悄話 秦照 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 03/24/2013 postreply 18:07:10

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