傅敏老師頭頂的傷疤 王友琴
寫於2023年5月27日
原文鏈接：https://ccrhm.org/%e5%82%85%e6%95%8f%e8%80%81%e5%b8%88%e5%a4%b4%e9%a1%b6%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%a4%e7%96%a4
傅敏老師2023年5月19日在上海去世，86歲。
他去世的消息在電腦網上傳開，也介紹了他和他的父母和哥哥。
已故作家葉永烈的描寫是:傅敏很像他的父親傅雷，隻是他們的頭發梳向不同。
我知道傅敏老師的頭發梳向的原因。那並不是一個偶然的個人選擇。
傅敏老師和我在2014年6月見過麵。那次見麵時，他告訴我，他在1968年企圖自殺，沒有死成， 在頭頂留下大傷疤。他的頭發原來是向右分的，後來他把頭發分向了左邊，以遮住傷疤。
他用手撩開頭發，給我看，他頭發下的傷疤。 他比我個子高，他低下頭，我才能看見他頭頂的傷疤。 我看著他的傷疤，說不出話來。
我在《文革受難者》書(2004年在香港出版)裏寫了傅敏老師的父親，翻譯家傅雷，和他的母親 朱梅馥。傅雷夫婦從1940年代一直住在上海。1958年傅雷被劃為“右派分子”。1966年夏天，在 紅衛兵暴力的高潮中，他們遭到連續多日抄家和“鬥爭”。1966年9月3日晚，他們夫妻在家中一 起上吊身亡。我的書稿是2003年完成的，之前我往傅敏老師工作的北京第七中學打過多次電 話，沒有能找到他。
傅敏老師的哥哥是鋼琴家傅聰，1950年代獲得國際鋼琴比賽獎。父親被劃成“右派分子”時，他 在波蘭，他出走英國。於是，傅聰在中國一直被指為“叛國分子”。有人告訴我傅聰在英國的電 話號碼。我打了，沒有人接。我本想從他哥哥那裏知道傅敏的聯絡方式，可是沒成。
2014年6月，《文革受難者》出版十年之後，傅敏老師和我在北京見了麵。
傅敏生於1937年，1963年從北京外國語學院畢業，分配到北京第一女子中學擔任初中英文老 師。這所中學和北京其他中學一樣，1966年8月開始了紅衛兵暴力高潮。學校負責人張乃一 (女)被毒打，被丟在石灰坑裏，得了敗血症，幾乎死去。一名叫馬鐵山的校工在校中上吊身 亡。馬鐵山的家屬在農村，沒有人記得他哪天死亡。
傅敏被學生貼大字報，被畫了漫畫。他有一台英文打字機，被紅衛兵拿走，說是發報機。1966 年9月初，他接到在上海的舅舅的電報:父母亡故。他立刻明白了，父母自殺了。他給舅舅打了 長途電話:一切後事請舅舅處理。
那天和傅敏老師一起來的有1966年女一中的幾個學生。據一人說，當時紅衛兵把傅敏收到的 電報當勝利消息在學校裏傳播。他們說了女一中幾個紅衛兵頭頭的名字，都是高級幹部的女兒 ，因為女一中就在中南海旁邊。
當時女一中改名“紅大一附中”。八月裏，他們和其他中學的紅衛兵，“取締”了北京東單三條的修 女院。(見《人民日報》的報道照片。)在當時留下的照片上，可以看到大彎腰被“鬥爭”的修女， 也可以看到女一中的紅衛兵。有一名修女被打死。
傅敏熬過了1966年——我把1966年稱為文革迫害和殺戮的第一高峰。1968年則是第二高峰。 1968年8月，毛澤東派遣解放軍和工人組成的“毛澤東思想宣傳隊”進駐全國所有的學校。傅敏 老師被他們宣布“隔離審查”，關在學校中。後來，這種建立在每個工作單位的、關押人的地方， 被叫做“牛棚”，因為在那裏被關押的人都被叫為“牛鬼蛇神”。傅敏被關在學校裏，有紅衛兵看 守。他說他想到自己父母雙亡，哥哥遠在英國，女朋友和他絕交了。他說，他不怨她。他想要自 殺。第一次，他在男廁所摸電門，沒有死，因為他穿著橡膠底的所謂“解放鞋”。然後，他想了另 外三種死法:1. 在該校東院和西院間的馬路上撞行駛中的汽車。2. 跳進牆外的故宮護城河淹 死，那時他不會遊泳。3. 把看守他的人激怒，讓他們打死他。他先用了第二種辦法。上廁所是 定時的，而且是有人跟隨的。那天跟隨的是個女紅衛兵。那人等在門外。傅敏從廁所後牆的小 窗戶逃了出去，跳入了故宮護城河。護城河水不深。故宮護城河是花崗岩砌成的，他把頭用力 撞向花崗岩，流了很多很多血。
那個女紅衛兵見傅敏不出廁所，叫了一個男生進去看，發現他跳窗逃走。他們追到河邊，把傅 敏抓上了岸。他被放在平板車上送到附近醫院。醫生不用麻藥，在他頭上縫了幾針。醫生說， 這個人真厲害，沒用麻藥就縫了針。傅敏又被押回關他的地方。
從1968年8月到1969年春節，他被關了半年。定性為“犯有嚴重政治錯誤”。在那期間，被關在 他隔壁房間的副校長王玉珍，逃出“牛棚”，叫了丈夫顧家淦，兩個人會合後無路可走，當晚投 入“京密引水渠”，夫妻一起死亡。
此後，傅敏老師在女一中一直沒有教過課，隻是做打掃廁所、運送大糞之類的事情。文革結束 後，他調進了北京第七中學。他本來就是個很好的英文老師，後來被評為特級教師。他編輯出 版了《傅雷家書》，影響很大。
在最近的視頻上，可以看到，傅敏老師的骨灰和他父母的骨灰放在了一起，還有他哥哥傅聰的 衣冠。傅聰先生於2020年底在英國染上新冠病毒去世。
實際上，在文革中被迫害死的人裏，極少有人的骨灰能夠得到保留。我寫了北京大學文革中被 迫害死的63名受難者，隻有一名是有墓的。陳信德老師1969年被逮捕，1970年死於山西長治 獄中。他的妻子是日本人，文革後帶女兒去了日本，在日本寫書描述了陳信德老師的悲慘遭 遇。1995年，他的女兒到長治監獄，找到了父親埋在兩個對扣的陶缸裏的遺體，火化後帶到日 本，放入她們買好的墓地。陳信德老師給中國人寫了最好的日文文法書。他是北大63名受難 者中唯一有墓的受難者，而且墓中有他的骨灰。
傅雷夫婦的骨灰被保存下來，是因為一位名叫江小燕的上海無業女青年，冒充家人到火葬場 領取了他們的骨灰。在當時的情景中，實在是一個非常非常勇敢的行動。因為江小燕，才能有 現在為傅雷一家舉行的合葬儀式。
中國是一個文明古國。幾千年前，中國人就為死者修建墳墓。這是人類文明社會和其他動物的 根本區別之一。文革害死了千百萬受難者，還不準給他們修墳立碑。文革後，受難者們得到了 平反。但是，我2000年在芝加哥大學網站上建立的第一個《文革受難者紀念園》，17個月後，就 在中國大陸被禁止;我在2022年再建《文革受難者紀念園》ccrhm.org，六個月後，再次在中國 大陸被禁止。為此，在哀悼傅敏老師去世的時候，我寫下此文，關於傅敏老師頭頂的傷疤。
Google translate:
The scar on Mr. Fu Min's head
by Dr. Wang Youqin on May 27, 2023
Mr. Fu Min passed away in Shanghai on May 19, 2023 at the age of 86.
The news has been circulated in the internet, which also introduced him, his parents and his older brother.
The description of the late writer Ye Yonglie is: Fu Min looks very much like his father Fu Lei, although the directions of their hair combing are different.
I know why Mr. Fu Min's hair was combed to the left. That was not an accidental personal choice.
Mr. Fu Min and I met in June 2014. When we met, he told me that he attempted suicide in 1968, but survived, leaving a big scar on the top of his head. His hair was originally parted to the right, but he later parted it to the left to hide the scar.
He rubbed his hair back with his hands and showed me the wound under his hair.
He was taller than me, and he bended down so I could see the wound clearly on the top of his head.
Looking at his wound, I was speechless.
In my book "Cultural Revolution Victims" (published in Hong Kong in 2004), I wrote about Mr. Fu Min's father, translator Mr. Fu Lei, and his mother Zhu Meifu. The Fu Lei couple had lived in Shanghai since the 1940s. In 1958, Fu Lei was designated as a "rightist". In the summer of 1966, at the climax of the Red Guards' violence, they were ransacked and violently insulted for several consecutive days. On the night of September 3, 1966, the couple hanged themselves to death together at home. My manuscript was completed in 2003. Before that, I called Mr. Fu Min many times at Beijing No. 7 Middle School, but I couldn't reach him.
Fu Min's elder brother is the pianist Fu Cong, who won the International Piano Competition Award in the 1950s. Fu Cong was in Poland when his father Fu Lei was branded as a "rightist" (a category of the enemy). He escaped to the UK as a refugee. Indeed, Fu Cong had been accused of being a "traitor" in China since then for decades. Someone told me Fu Cong's phone number in the UK. I called, but no one answered. I wanted to know Fu Min’s contact information from his brother, but failed.
In June 2014, ten years after the publication of Victims of the Cultural Revolution, Fu Min and I met in Beijing.
Fu Min was born in 1937, graduated from Beijing Foreign Studies University in 1963, and was assigned to Beijing No. 1 Girls Middle School as a junior high school English teacher. Like other middle schools in Beijing, this middle school experienced a climax of Red Guard violence in August 1966. The head of the school, Zhang Naiyi (female), was severely beaten and thrown into a lime pit. She contracted septicemia and almost died. A janitor named Ma Yinshan hanged himself in the school. Ma Yinshan's home was in the countryside, and no one remembered the date when he died.
Fu Min was posted big-character posters and drawn cartoons by his students. He had an English typewriter, which was taken away by the Red Guards, who said it was a telegraph machine. In early September 1966, he received a telegram from his uncle in Shanghai: his parents had passed away. He understood immediately that Dad and Mom had committed suicide. He made a long-distance call to his uncle: please take care of all leftover matters.
Several students from the 1966 Girls' No. 1 Middle School came with Fu Min that day to meet me. It is said that some students claimed that the Red Guards spread the telegrams received by Fu Min as victory news in the school. They mentioned the names of several Red Guard leaders in the No. 1 Girls' Middle School, all of whom were the daughters of high-ranking officers, because No. 1 Girls' Middle School is adjacent to the headquarter of the CCP.
At that time, the No. 1 Middle School was renamed to a revolutionary kind. In August, they and their middle school Red Guards "dismantled" the women's college in Santiao, Dongdan, Beijing. (See the report from People’s Daily.) In the photos left at that time, one can see the nuns bent over and being insulted, and one can also see the Red Guards from the No. 1 Girl’s Middle School. A nun was killed.
Fu Min survived 1966 - I call 1966 the first peak of persecution and killings during the Cultural Revolution. 1968 was the second peak. In August 1968, Mao Zedong sent the "Mao Zedong Thought Propaganda Team" composed of PLA and workers to each and every school across the country. Fu Min was declared "isolated and inspected" by them and locked up in the school. Later, this kind of place was erected in each work unit where detainees were held, and it was called "cow shed", because the detainees there were called "ghosts and snakes spirit". Fu Min was locked in the school and guarded by Red Guards. He said he thought of his father's death, his brother in the UK, and his girlfriend who broke up with him. He said he didn't blame her. He wanted to kill himself. The first time he touched the electric switch in the men's room, he survived because he was wearing so-called "liberation shoes" with rubber soles. Then, he thought of three other ways to die: 1. Hitting a car among horses on the road between the east and west campuses of the school. 2. Jumped into the moat of the Forbidden City outside the wall and drowned. He couldn't swim at that time. 3. Angry his guards and let them beat him to death. He used the second method first. Going to the bathroom was scheduled and followed. That day was followed by a female Red Guard. She was waiting outside the door. Fu Min escaped from the small window in the back wall of the bathroom and jumped into the moat of the Forbidden City. The moat was not deep enough. The moat of the Forbidden City was hewn out of granite. He slammed his head against the granite and bled a lot.
Seeing that Fu Min was not going out of the bathroom, the female Red Guard called a boy to go in and check, only to find that he jumped out of the window and escaped. They chased to the river and took Fu Min ashore. There he was taken on a flatbed to a nearby clinic. The doctor sewed several stitches on his head without anesthesia. The doctor said that this man was so tough that he had stitches without anesthesia. Fu Min was escorted back to his place.
From August 1968 to the Spring Festival of 1969, he was imprisoned for half a year. Characterized as "committing a serious political issue". During that time, Wang Yuzhen, the vice principal who was locked in the room next to him, escaped from the "cowshed" and called her husband Gu Jiagan. After the two met, they had nowhere to go. They threw themselves into the "Jingmi Diversion Canal" that night, and the husband and wife died together. .
Since then, Fu Min had never been allowed to teach in the No. 1 Girls Middle School, but only cleaned toilets and transported human stools. After the Cultural Revolution, he was transferred to Beijing No. 7 Middle School. He was actually an excellent English teacher, and was later promoted as a highest ranked star teacher. He edited and published "Fu Lei's Family Letter", which had a great influence.
In the recent video, it can be seen that Fu Min's ashes were put together with his parents' , as well as with his older brother Fu Cong's clothes. Mr. Fu Cong died of the COVID in the UK at the end of 2020.
In fact, among the people who were persecuted to death during the Cultural Revolution, the ashes of very few people can be kept. I wrote about the 63 victims who were persecuted to death during the Cultural Revolution at Peking University, and only one had a tomb. Prof. Chen Xinde was hunted down in 1969 and died in Shanxi Changzhi Prison in 1970. His wife was Japanese. After the Cultural Revolution, she took his daughter to Japan and wrote a book in Japanese describing the tragic experience of her husband. In 1995, his daughter went to Changzhi Prison and found his father's body buried in two interlocking ceramics. After cremation, she brought it to Japan and put it in the cemetery they bought. Prof. Chen Xinde wrote the best Japanese grammar book for Chinese people. He is the only victim among the 63 victims of Peking University who has a tomb, and his ashes are in the tomb.
The Fu Lei couple’s ashes were preserved because a jobless young girl named Jiang Xiaoyan from Shanghai pretended to be her family and went to the crematorium to collect their ashes. In the context of the situation at the time, it was actually a very, very brave action. Because of Jiang Xiaoyan, the joint burial ceremony held for Fu Lei's family is now possible.
China has a civilized country with a long history. Thousands of years ago, the Chinese built tombs for the dead. This is one of the fundamental differences between humans and other animals. The Cultural Revolution killed millions of victims, and they were not allowed to build graves or erect tombstones for them. After the Cultural Revolution, the victims were rehabilitated. However, the first "Cultural Revolution Victims Memorial" I established on the website of the University of Chicago in 2000 was banned in mainland China 17 months later; I rebuilt the "Cultural Revolution Victims Memorial" in 2022 in a new domain as ccrhm. org,
was again banned in mainland China six months later. For this reason, when mourning the passing away of Fu Min, I wrote this essay about the scars on the top of Fu Min's head.
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