曆史上的六月六日

曆史上的6/6日，

 

今天是6/6日，2023年的第157天，今年還剩208天。

人類曆史上的今天,發生了如下值得我關注的事件：

 

——1916

北洋軍閥領袖袁世凱去世

 

袁世凱（1859年9月16日－1916年6月6日），漢族，字慰亭，號容庵，項城人，中國近代史上著名政治家、軍事家，北洋新軍的創始人。早年在朝鮮駐軍，擊敗日軍，歸國後在天津小站督練新軍。清末新政期間推動近代化改革，辛亥革命期間逼清帝溥儀退位，以和平的方式推翻清朝，統一國家，並當選為第一任中華民國大總統，選擇建立君主立憲政體。在位期間積極發展實業，統一幣製，創立近代化司法和教育製度。於1916年建立年號為洪憲的中華帝國，未能成功。1916年6月6日，袁世凱因尿毒症不治而亡，時年57歲，同年8月24日正式歸葬於河南安陽市。

 

——1944

以美軍為主的盟軍在法國諾曼底登陸

 

1944年6月6日清晨，十五萬盟軍先頭部隊跨越英吉利海峽，登陸法國諾曼底海岸。

代號"霸王行動"的諾曼底戰役是世界戰爭史上規模最大的兩棲登陸戰役，它使二戰的態勢和走向發生根本性變化。

此後，盟軍奮勇前進開辟歐洲大陸第二戰場。11個月後，希特勒的納粹德國被擊敗，第二次世界大戰宣告結束。

 

D-Day: Allies storm Normandy’s coast

Photo Credit: Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images

On June 6, 1944, Supreme Allied Commander General Dwight D. Eisenhower gives the go-ahead for the largest amphibious military operation in history: Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of northern France, commonly known as D-Day.

By daybreak, 18,000 British and American parachutists were already on the ground. An additional 13,000 aircraft were mobilized to provide air cover and support for the invasion. At 6:30 a.m., American troops came ashore at Utah and Omaha beaches. 

The British and Canadians overcame light opposition to capture Gold, Juno and Sword beaches; so did the Americans at Utah. The task was much tougher at Omaha beach, however, where the U.S. First Division battled high seas, mist, mines, burning vehicles—and German coastal batteries, including an elite infantry division, which spewed heavy fire. Many wounded Americans ultimately drowned in the high tide. British divisions, which landed at Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches, and Canadian troops also met with heavy German fire.

 

——1961

精神病學先驅卡爾·吉斯塔夫·榮格去世

 

卡爾·榮格(Carl Gustav Jung ，1875-1961)，瑞士心理學家。1907年開始與弗洛伊德合作，發展及推廣精神分析學說長達6年之久，之後與弗洛伊德理念不和，分道揚鑣，創立了榮格人格分析心理學理論，創出“情結“的概念，把人格分為內傾和外傾兩種，主張把人格分為意識、個人無意識和集體無意識三層。曾任國際心理分析學會會長、國際心理治療協會主席等，創立了榮格心理學學院。1961年6月6日逝於瑞士，他的理論和思想至今仍對心理學研究產生深遠影響。

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Carl Gustav Jung (/j??/ YUUNG;[21][22] German: [ka?l ?j??]; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatristand psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy, psychology,[23] and religious studies. Jung worked as a research scientist at the Burghölzli psychiatric hospital, in Zurich, under Eugen Bleuler. Jung established himself as an influential mind of his time, developing a friendship with Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis, conducting a lengthy correspondence, still paramount to their joint vision of human psychology. He is highly regarded as one of the most influential psychologists of all time.[24] [25]

 

——2013

愛德華·斯諾登披露了美國政府監視美國大眾的行徑

 

2013年6月6日，美國大眾通過《衛報》和《華盛頓郵報》發表的一係列報告中首次獲悉自己被美國政府秘密監控。消息來源於一個匿名報名人。

 

三天後，消息人士自曝是國家安全局承包商愛德華·斯諾登。人們不禁要問，他是一個單純爆料人還是國家叛徒？

 

Edward Snowden discloses U.S. government operations

 

On June 6, 2013, Americans learned that their government was spying broadly on its own people.

That’s when The Guardian and The Washington Post published the first of a series of reports put together from documents leaked by an anonymous source. The material exposed a government-run surveillance program that monitored the communications records of not just criminals or potential terrorists, but law-abiding citizens as well.

Three days later the source unmasked himself as Edward Snowden, a National Security Agency contractor. But the question remained: Was he a whistleblower or a traitor