Anyways to answer your question:
1. Insurance company are supposed to pay for your damage, minus the deductible. It doesn't matter if you only have a permit... If they deny, just argue with them.
2. Should have no problem if the other driver doesn't sue you. He/she might just want you/your insurance company to cover the fee. Let the insurance companies to talk.
3. Maybe 500 D for moving violation. It depends how the court goes.
4. No, but remember, if convicted Clabb B misdemeanor, you might get deported.