For example, you say, "左側的車在一路口左轉,我就想這是一個機會,因轉彎車輛會slow down後麵的車,於是我就打燈準備換道. 沒想到後麵一輛車加速趕上來": how did that police car catch up? after the left-turn car turned? If yes, then seems to me, you do not really have time to switch lane. (BTW, you did assume other cars will slow down; for different reason than police said.)
And here, "我減速它就慢下來,我加快它就快,一直在我左後側跟著,卻不跟上前麵的車. 這樣試了幾次,眼看離我要左轉的路口越來越近,我將速度放慢,這樣就與前一輛車有點距離,然後加速換到左邊." which one is the "前一輛車"? The police car? If yes, he did let you change lane; it is only you want to switch lane in front of it that caused the delay. If not the police car, how could you achieve distance with a car in front of you by slowing down?
I rather believe you that the police is unfair. However, from what you said, I could not get that conclusion. "Unsafe Lane Change" seems quite proper.