《孟山都公司眼中的世界》以及Jeffrey M. Smitch的影評

《孟山都公司眼中的世界》以及Jeffrey M. Smitch的影評

Film Review: The World According to Monsanto

 

影評：http://www.bangmfood.org/films/22-films/4-film-review-the-world-according-to-monsanto

中文字幕視頻：http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/6AH_EFMgpMs/

Directed by Marie-Monique Robin

導演：Marie-Monique Robin

Review by Jeffrey M. Smith

影評者：Jeffrey M. Smith

 

Chinese Translation by: Chen I-wan, Advisor ([e-mail])

Committee of Disaster Historical Studies to China Disaster

陳一文（中國災害防禦協會災害史顧問，[e-mail]）譯

 

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陳一文顧問按：

Advisor Chen I-wan comments:

《中國經營報》2010年01月16日《我國成首個批準主糧轉基因種植國家》披露：

On Jan. 16, 2010, China Business’s article “China becomes the first nation to approve agricultural production of genetic modified (GM) staple food” revealed:

http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20100116/10597256310.shtml

-- 在批準了轉基因棉花、番茄、甜椒等作物種植後，2009年11月27日，農業部批準了兩種轉基因水稻、一種轉基因玉米的安全證書，這也讓我國成為世界上第一個批準主糧可進行轉基因種植的國家。

-- Upon approving agricultural production of genetic modified (GM) cotton, tomatoes, pepper and other plants, on Nov. 27, 2010, the Ministry of Agriculture approves the certification to two types of genetic modified (GM) rice, one type of genetic modified (GM) corn, this also makes China becomes the first nation to approve agricultural production of genetic modified (GM) staple food.

《中國生物技術信息網》報道：

China Biotechnology Information website reports:

http://www.biotech.org.cn/news/news/show.php?id=73593

--  2009年11月4日，孟山都公司在北京舉行儀式，宣布公司在中國的第一家研究機構孟山都生物技術研究中心在京正式成立。
--  Monsanto held a ceremony in Beijing on Nov. 4, 2009, announcing establishment of Monsanto Biotechnology Research Center in Beijing, their first research institution in China.
--  孟山都生物技術研究中心將進一步加強孟山都公司和中國科研機構與大學在植物生物技術和轉基因組學領域的合作。
--  The Monsanto Biotechnology Research Center shall further enhance cooperation between Monsanto and Chinese science research institutions and universities in field of plant biotechnology and GM-genomics.
--  孟山都公司致力於實現對公眾的承諾，即到2030年，其核心作物玉米、棉花和大豆的產量在2000年基礎上翻番，同時減少對能源、化肥、以及水的消耗，並助力全世界農民提高生活水平。為實現該承諾，孟山都公司每天投入200多萬美元用於技術研發。
--  Monsanto fulfill it’s commitment to the public, i.e. by 2030 to double production output of its core products corn, cotton and soybean, and, at the same time reduce consumption of energy, chemical fertilizer and water, and help worldwide farmers increase their living standards. To fulfill this commitment, Monsanto invests over USD2 million each day for R&D. 
--  孟山都北京生物技術研究中心將展開生物信息學和基因組學的初期研究，並為孟山都全球研發網絡與中國科研人員的合作提供平台。孟山都公司的研發總部位於美國，同時在歐洲、巴西和印度設有研究中心。

--  The Monsanto Beijing Biotechnology Research Center shall carry out preliminary research in bioinformation and genomics, and provide a platform for the Monsanto global R&D network to cooperate with Chinese science research personnel. The R&D headquarters of Monsanto is located in USA, and has research centers in Europe, Brazil and India.

但是，（法國）Marie-Monique Robin女士導演的影片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》以及（美國）Jeffrey M. Smitch先生的影評披露的大量情況如果基本屬實，（美國）孟山都公司顯然不僅是一家唯利是圖的跨國公司，而是一家有意危害全球人類持續安全健康生存與發展的十惡不赦的公司。

However, the massive information revealed by “The World According to Monsanto” film directed by Madam Marie-Monique Robin, France and the review by Jeffrey M. Smith, USA, if basically true, then Monsanto, USA obviously not only is a gainful corporation, but also is an unpardonably wicked corporation purposely harming global mankind’s sustainable safety and healthy survival and development.

為此，本顧問推薦大家訪問影片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》的中文字幕視頻：

For this reason, Advisor Chen recommends everybody to visit the web address to view the video of this film with Chinese subtitles:

中文字幕視頻：http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/6AH_EFMgpMs/

為方便大家了解Jeffrey M. Smitch先生影評的內容，特地以英中文對照方式提供本顧問的中譯文。

For convenience of non-English readers to read the film review by Jeffrey M. Smitch, I am forwarding my English/Chinese translation.

為了中國人民持續安全健康生存與發展，建議中國全國人大與最高檢察察院專題調查有關情況是否屬實？

To assure sustainable safety and healthy survival and development of the Chinese people, suggest the National People's Congress and the Supreme People's Procuratorate of China carry out special investigation to verify if such information is true or not?

如果證明影片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》披露的情況不符合基本事實，應當在中國封殺禁演這部影片。

If it is proved that the information revealed by “The World According to Monsanto” film is basically false and untrue, should then ban the showing of this film in China.

與此相反，如果發現其中任何重大情況基本屬實的話，建議最高檢察察院進一步立案調查何人如何支持這樣一家公司進入中國並建立研究中心？

In contrast, if it is found that any important information is basically true, then suggest Supreme People's Procuratorate further investigate who and how supported such a corporation enter China and establish its R&D center?

同時調查中國與孟山都公司關係密切的哪些人如何導致農業部在沒有向全國人大與公眾詳細通報所有情況下如何批準了兩種轉基因水稻、一種轉基因玉米的安全證書，使中國率先成為世界上第一個批準主糧可進行轉基因種植的國家？

At the same time should also investigate which Chinese persons with close relationship to Monsanto how they without providing full detail report to the National People's Congress and to the public resulted the Ministry of Agriculture to approve the safety certificate for two species of genetic modified rice and one species of genetic modified corn, making China the first nation in the World to approve agricultural production of genetic modified staple food grain for its people?

如果確認影片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》以及影評披露的情況基本屬實，全球正直的人就必須聯合起來，組成全球最廣泛的統一戰線，在全球所有國家協同對付孟山都公司這頭妖魔！

If the information revealed by the “The World According to Monsanto” film and review is confirm basically true, all the rightheated people must then unit, establish globally the broadest united front, in all nations of the globe cooperate in dealing with Monster Monsanto!

為此，請讀者們將影片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》的視頻網址以及本顧問以英中文對照方式提供的中譯文影評轉給全國政協委員們、全國人大代表們與媒體的朋友們!

For this reason, please forward the website address of the video of the film “The World According to Monsanto” and the English/Chinese translation of review forward to committee members of of the Chinese people's political consultative conference and representatives of the National People's Congress, and to media friends!

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How much outrage can a single multinational corporation inspire? How much damage can they inflict? The breathtaking new film, The World According to Monsanto, features a company that sets the new standard. From Iowa to Paraguay, from England to India, Monsanto is uprooting our food supply and replacing it with their patented genetically engineered creations. And along the way, farmers, communities, and nature become collateral damage.

一家跨國公司能夠激發多少義憤？他們能夠造成多少損害？一部令人震驚的新聞紀錄片《孟山都公司眼中的世界》描述了建立這樣新的標準的一個公司。從美國愛荷華州到巴拉圭，從英國道印度，孟山都公司正在根除我們的食物供應用他們專利的遺傳工程創造的產品取而代之。一路上，農民、社區以及自然界都受到了損害。

The Gazette says the movie “will freeze the blood in your veins.” The Hour says it’s a “horrifying enough picture” to warrant “fury.” But most importantly, this critical film opens our eyes just in time.

《論壇》報說，這部電影使觀眾感到“血管中的血液凝結起來”。《小時》報稱，這是一部“令人恐怖的影片”足以激起“暴怒”。但是更重要的是，這部影片及時打開了我們的研究。

The film is the work of celebrated award-winning French filmmaker Marie-Monique Robin, whose three years of work on four continents exposes why Monsanto has become the world’s poster child for malignant corporate influence in government and technology. Combining secret documents with accounts by victims, scientists and policy makers, she guides us through a web of misleading reports, pressure tactics, collusion, and attempted corruption. And we learn how the company systematically tricked governments into allowing dangerous genetically modified (GM) foods into our diet—with Monsanto in charge of determining if they’re safe.

該部影片是因獲獎應給予慶賀的法國電影導演馬莉-莫妮克·羅賓女士的成果，她三年來在四大洲的工作揭露了孟山都公司如何成為世界上對政府與技術發揮惡劣公司影響的典型。影片披露的秘密文件與受害者、科學家與政策製作者提供的證言，引導我們了解網絡上充滿誤導性的報告、施壓策略、勾結，以及腐敗企圖，使我們了解孟山都公司如何係統地誘騙政府有關政府部門允許危險的轉基因（GM）食品到我們的餐桌上—並由孟山都公司負責確定它們是否安全。

Deception, Deception, Deception

欺騙、欺騙、欺騙

The company’s history with some of the most toxic chemicals ever produced, illustrates why they can’t be trusted. Ask the folks of Anniston, Alabama, where Monsanto’s PCB factory secretly poisoned the neighborhood for decades. PCBs are Monsanto’s toxic oils used as coolants and lubricants for over 50 years and are now virtually omnipresent in the blood and tissues of humans and wildlife around the globe. But Anniston residents have levels hundreds or thousands of times the average. They all know their levels, which they carry as death sentences. David Baker, who lost his little brother and most of his friends to PCB-related diseases such as cancer, says Anniston kids used to run up to him, report their PCB level and ask, “How long you think I got?”

這個公司生產過最為毒性化學產品的曆史表明孟山都公司為什麽是不可信的。孟山都公司在阿巴馬州阿尼斯頓（Anniston, Alabama）的PCB工廠對鄰近地區秘密毒害了幾十年，隻要問一下當地人能夠了解。孟山都公司作為冷卻劑與潤滑劑使用PCB超過50年，目前世界各處人與野生動物的血液與組織中事實上已經無所不在。但是阿尼斯頓當地居民血液中的PCB含量為平均水平的數百上千倍。他們都知道自己的PCB水平，決定著他們的死刑期。大衛·貝克（David Baker），因PCB含量過高導致的癌症等疾病已經失掉了其弟弟以及其許多朋友。大衛講，當地的小孩經常會找他告訴他們的PCB水平，然後詢問“你認為我還有多少時間？”

Ken Cook of the Environmental Working Group says that based on Monsanto documents made public during a trial, the company “knew the truth from the very beginning. They lied about it. They hid the truth from their neighbors.” One Monsanto memo explains their justification: “We can’t afford to lose one dollar of business.”

               《環境工作組》的肯·庫克（Ken Cook）說，根據一次審判中披露的孟山都公司文件，這個公司“從最初開始一直了解事實。他們對此說謊。他們對他們的鄰居們隱藏了真實情況”。孟山都公司的一項備忘錄對他們這樣做提供了解釋：“我們無法承擔失掉哪怕一美元的生意”！

Monsanto also produced the infamous Agent Orange, the cancer and birth-defect causing defoliant sprayed over Vietnam. It contaminated more than 3 million civilians and servicemen. But according to William Sanjour, who led the Toxic Waste Division of the Environmental Protection Agency, “thousands of veterans were disallowed benefits” because “Monsanto studies showed that dioxin [the main ingredient in Agent Orange] was not a human carcinogen.” But his EPA colleague discovered that Monsanto had allegedly falsified the data in their studies. Sanjour says, “If they were done correctly, [the studies] would have reached just the opposite result.”

               孟山都公司還生產了在越南到處噴灑導致癌症與嬰兒缺陷的聲名狼藉的黃色脫葉劑。它汙染了超過三百萬平民與軍人。依據（美國）環境保護署（EPA）有毒分部負責人威廉·桑焦耳（William Sanjour）披露的情況，“數千退役軍人沒有批準受益”因為“孟山都公司的研究表明二氧芑（dioxin）[黃色脫葉劑的主要成分]並非人類致癌物質”。但是他在環境保護署（EPA）同事發現孟山都公司的研究所申述的是偽造的數據。桑焦耳（Sanjour）說，“如果提交正確的數據，[該項研究]必然獲得相反的結果。”

Secret documents stolen from the FDA also reveal serious health effects from Monsanto’s genetically engineered bovine growth hormone, called rBGH or rBST. In particular, the amount of a powerful hormone called IGF-1 is substantially increased in milk from treated cows. Samuel Epstein, Chairman of the Cancer Prevention Coalition, says that approximately 60 studies link IGF-1 to “breast, colon, and prostate cancers.”

               從美國食品藥物管理署（FDA）偷出來的秘密文件披露，孟山都公司稱之為rBGH或 rBST的轉基因牛生長素造成嚴重的健康問題。特別是，服用這種生長素的牛的牛奶中，稱之為IGF-1的一種作用很強的荷爾蒙顯著增加。美國癌症防治聯盟主席塞繆爾·愛潑斯坦（Samuel Epstein）告訴我們， IGF-1與“乳房癌、結腸癌、前列腺癌”有關的研究有大約60項。

Cancer is also implicated in Monsanto’s showcase herbicide, Roundup. According Professor Robert Bellé’s research showing disrupted cell division, “Roundup provokes the first stages that lead to cancer.” Bellé, who is with the National Center for Scientific Research and the Pierre and Marie Curie Institute in France, says, “The tested doses were well below those which people normally use.”

               孟山都公司推崇的《圍捕》（Roundup）除草劑也牽連到癌症。羅伯特·貝勒教授的研究表明陷於混亂的細胞分裂，“《圍捕》（Roundup）除草劑驅動導致癌變的第一階段”。在國家科學研究中心（National Center for Scientific Research）與法國皮埃爾與馬莉·居裏研究院（Pierre and Marie Curie Institute）工作的貝勒教授說，“試驗的劑量遠低於人們正常使用的劑量”。

Monsanto has promoted Roundup as harmless to both humans and the environment. But their advertised environmental claims, such as “biodegradable,” “leaves the soil clean,” and “respects the environment,” were declared false and illegal by judges in both the US and France. In fact, Monsanto’s own studies showed that 28 days after application, only 2% of the product had broken down. They were forced to remove “biodegradable” from the label.

               孟山都推銷《圍捕》（Roundup）除草劑時強調它對於人類與環境無害。但是他們廣告宣傳的環境無害主張，如“生物降解”、“使土壤保持清潔”以及“尊重環境”，被美國與法國的法官宣告為虛假與非法。事實上，孟山都公司自己的研究表明應用28天後，隻有2%的產品降解。孟山都公司被迫從標簽上去除“生物降解”。

Above the law

超越法律

When Monsanto’s transgressions are reported to authorities, somehow the company is magically let off the hook.

當孟山都公司犯罪的事實舉報給當局，不知何故公司魔術般的脫掉了關係。

When Monsanto finally did share information on PCBs with the government, for example, Ken Cook says “instead of siding with the people who were being poisoned, [the government] sided with the company. . . . It was outrageous!” When William Sanjour’s EPA colleague, Cate Jenkins, asked the agency to review Monsanto’s flawed Agent Orange studies, Sanjour says, “there was no investigation of Monsanto. . . . What they investigated was Cate Jenkins, the whistleblower! They made her life a hell.”

               當孟山都公司最終不得不向政府部門提供有關PCB的信息，但是肯·庫克（Ken Cook）說“[政府]不是站在受到毒害的人民一邊，而是站到了公司的一邊……完全令人不可容忍！”當威廉·桑焦耳（William Sanjour）在環境保護署（EPA）的同事凱梯·玖恩金斯（Cate Jenkins）要求環境保護署對孟山都公司關於黃色脫葉劑研究報告的缺陷進行審查時，桑焦耳（Sanjour）說“對孟山都公司沒有進行調查……他們調查的對象是凱梯·玖恩金斯（Cate Jenkins），舉報者！他們使她後來的生活像在地獄中一般。”

When Richard Burroughs of the FDA held up approval of rBGH by demanding more rigorous and relevant testing, he was fired. He says, “They figured: ‘Well, if you’re in the way, we’ll get you out of the way.’. . . One day, I was escorted to the door and told that was it; I was done.” Senior government scientists at Health Canada testified that their superiors were pressuring them to approve rBGH and that Monsanto had offered them an alleged bribe of $1-2 million. The scientists were later reprimanded, punished, and eventually “dismissed for disobedience.” rBGH was never approved in Canada, Europe, and most industrialized nations.

               當食品藥物管理署的理查德·巴羅歐斯（Richard Burroughs）要求更為嚴格與相關的試驗而攔住了對rBGH的批準，他被辭掉。他說，“他們考慮：‘好吧，如果你擋道的話，我們就請你讓路’……一天，我被護送到門口並告訴離開；我就完了。”加拿大健康署的高級政府科學家作證，他們的上級對施壓讓他們批準rBGH而孟山都公司提議提供100到200美元的賄賂。這些科學家後來提出申訴，被懲罰，然後因“不服從而被辭掉”。rBGH在加拿大、歐洲與大部分工業化國家始終未獲批準。

When Professor Bellé went to his administration “to let the public know about the dangers” of Roundup herbicide, he was “ordered” not to communicate his findings “due to the GMO question lurking in the background.” That question about genetically modified organisms was in relation to Monsanto’s “Roundup Ready” crops. Monsanto has the patent for 90% of the GMOs grown on the planet, and most of them are genetically modified specifically to tolerate applications of Roundup.

               當貝勒（Bellé）教授到他的政府部門“要求讓公眾了解[《圍捕》（Roundup）除草劑]的危險”，他“受指示”不要傳播他的發現“由於轉基因生物體（GMO）的問題潛伏在後邊”。關於轉基因生物體（GMO）的問題與孟山都公司的“抗《圍捕》（Roundup）除草劑”農作物有關。孟山都公司擁有地球上生長的轉基因生物體（GMO）90%的專利，其中大部分進行轉基因改造特別為了容忍《圍捕》（Roundup）除草劑的應用。

Corporate Coup d’état

公司政變未遂

Monsanto’s past manipulations were mere warm ups compared to the virtual government takeover used to approve GM foods. Author Jeremy Rifkin, President of the Foundation for Economic Trends, says, “I have never seen a situation where one company could have so much overwhelming influence at the highest levels of regulatory decision making.”

               與作者事實上接管了某些政府用於批準轉基因食品的權力相比，孟山都公司過去的操縱僅僅算的上熱身。傑雷米·裏夫金（Jeremy Rifkin），一位作者，同時擔任《經濟趨勢基金會》（Foundation for Economic Trends）總裁，說：“我從來沒有見到這樣的情況，一家公司能夠對最高層法規決策層發揮如此大的影響。”

The problem Monsanto faced was that GMOs are inherently unsafe. They can create dangerous side effects. That was the overwhelming consensus by FDA scientists, according to 44,000 agency documents made public from a lawsuit. But the most important document, FDA’s official policy, claimed that GMOs were not substantially different. They were granted the status “Generally Recognized as Safe,” even though they failed to meet the normal criteria. Thus, no safety testing is necessary. If Monsanto declares their GM products safe, the FDA has no further questions.

               孟山都公司麵臨的問題是轉基因生物體（GMO）實質上的不安全性。它們能夠造成危險的副作用。它們能夠造成危險的副作用。依據一項訴訟中公開的美國食品與藥物管理署（FDA）44,000篇文件，這是美國食品與藥物管理署（FDA）科學家們壓倒性的一致意見。但是，反映FDA官方政策的最重要的文件，卻聲稱轉基因生物體（GMO）沒有什麽實質性區別。他們對轉基因生物體（GMO）授予“一般來講認為是安全”的地位，盡管它們（轉基因生物體）甚至不符合正常的標準。因而，沒有必要進行任何安全試驗。如果孟山都公司聲稱他們的轉基因產品（GM products）是安全的，美國食品與藥物管理署（FDA）不在提出任何進一步的問題。

Former FDA biotech coordinator James Maryanski admits on camera that the GMO policy “was a political decision,” not scientific. In fact, FDA political appointee Michael Taylor was in charge of the policy. Taylor was formerly Monsanto’s attorney and later their vice president.

美國食品與藥物管理署（FDA）前任生物技術協調員傑姆斯·馬力昂斯基（James Maryanski）在攝像機麵前承認關於轉基因生物體（GMO）的政策“是一項政治決定”，不是科學性的決定。事實上，美國食品與藥物管理署（FDA）的政治任命者邁克爾·泰勒（Michael Taylor）負責製定該項政策。泰勒（Taylor）曾經是孟山都公司的法律顧問，而後成為他們的副總裁。

Monsanto’s people regularly infiltrate upper echelons of government, and the company offers prominent positions to officials when they leave public service. This revolving door has included key people in the White House, regulatory agencies, even the Supreme Court. Monsanto also had George Bush Senior on their side, as evidenced by footage of Vice President Bush at Monsanto’s facility offering help to get their products through government bureaucracy. He says, “Call me. We’re in the ‘de-reg’ business. Maybe we can help.”

               孟山都公司的人士定期滲透政府上層人士，某些官員們離開政府工作時該公司向他們提供公司中的重要職位。這個旋轉門甚至包括白宮、監管機構，甚至最高法院的關鍵人物。孟山都公司也使老布什站到他們一邊。影片的片斷對此提供證據：當時擔任副總統的老布什在孟山都公司的設施裏表示願意幫助使他們的產品通過政府的官僚機構。老布什當時說，“給我打電話。我們正在減少監管。也許我們可以幫助。”

Monsanto’s influence continued into the Clinton administration. Dan Glickman, then Secretary of Agriculture, says, “there was a general feeling in agro-business and inside our government in the US that if you weren’t marching lock-step forward in favor of rapid approvals of biotech products, rapid approvals of GMO crops, then somehow, you were anti-science and anti-progress.” He admits, “when I opened my mouth in the Clinton Administration [about the lax regulations on GMOs], I got slapped around a little bit.”

孟山都公司的影響在格林頓克林頓政府期間繼續。丹·戈理克曼（Dan Glickman），當時的農業部長，說，“在美國農業生意圈與我們的政府內部曾經有一種總的感覺，如果你不是大踏步向前支持批準生物技術產品與快速批準轉基因生物體（GMO）作物的話，那麽不知何故你是反科學與反進步的。”他承認，“克林頓政府工作期間當我開口說話[關於放鬆對於轉基因生物體（GMO）的監管]，我往往受到某些抨擊。”

Unlike Glickman, FDA’s Maryanski tries in vain to convince filmmaker Robin that GMOs are safe and that US regulation is adequate. But Robin had conducted four months of intensive internet research examining declassified documents, leaked internal files, scientific studies, trial transcripts, articles, and first hand accounts of whistleblowers. She was prepared.

               與戈理克曼（Glickman）不同，美國食品與藥物管理署（FDA）的馬力昂斯基（Maryanski）試圖但是未能說服影片製作者羅賓（Robin）相信轉基因生物體（GMO）安全以及美國對其有足夠的監管。盡管如此，羅賓（Robin）還是花費了四個月的時間對網絡上的解密文件、泄露出來的網絡文件、科學研究報告、試驗報告、文章以及舉報者的一手證據進行了深入的研究。她進行了充分的準備。

In a priceless sequence, the film alternates between Maryanski’s assurances and public interest attorney Steven Druker reading formerly secret memos by agency scientists, describing the serious health damage that GMOs may cause. When Robin repeats these same quotes to Maryanski, he resorts to uncomfortable stuttering, stammering, and backtracking. When he ultimately tries to dismiss genetic engineering as completely safe, Robin nails him. She reads to Maryanski his own words from a 1991 memo in which he acknowledged that genetic engineering of a food supplement called L-tryptophan in the 1980s may have been responsible for a deadly epidemic that killed dozens and caused thousands to fall sick or become disabled.

               依照極為珍貴的順序，影片從馬力昂斯基（Maryanski）的保證切換到公共利益律師斯提芬·杜拉克（Steven Druker）閱讀美國食品與藥物管理署（FDA）的科學家們過去保密的備忘錄中對轉基因生物體（GMOs）可能造成的嚴重健康損害的描述。當羅賓（Robin）向馬力昂斯基（Maryanski）重複引用同樣的這些資料時，他不得不求助於令人不舒服的口吃與放棄。當他最終試圖將轉基因工程說成是完全安全時，羅賓（Robin）將他釘牢。她向馬力昂斯基（Maryanski）讀出他本人1991年寫的一個備忘錄中的話，其中他本人確認80年代稱之為L色氨酸（L-tryptophan）的一種基因工程生產的食品添加劑可能應當對造成數十人死亡數千人生病或傷殘的一種致命傳染病負責。

Suppressing evidence of harm, attacking GMO scientists

壓製對自己有害的證據，攻擊反對轉基因的科學家

When Monsanto’s GM crops hit American farm fields in 1996, virtually no safety studies had been published. The pro-GM UK government decided to commission Dr. Arpad Pusztai, the world’s leading scientist in his field, to design rigorous safety testing protocols that would convince a skeptical public to embrace GM foods. When Pusztai fed GM potatoes to rats, however, they developed potentially pre-cancerous cell growth, a damaged immune system, and inhibited growth of major organs. Moreover, Pusztai’s work implicated the generic process of genetic engineering itself as the cause. That is, any GM food already on the market might create the same problems in humans.

               當孟山都公司的轉基因（GM）農作物於1996年進入美國農場的農田，事實上沒有發表任何安全性研究報告。支持轉基因（pro-GM）的英國政府決定委任阿帕德·普斯泰博士（Dr. Arpad Pusztai），該領域世界領先的科學家，設計嚴格的安全性試驗協議來說服質疑的公眾歡迎轉基因食品（GM）。普斯泰博士將轉基因土豆喂食給老鼠時，它們產生了潛在癌症前期的細胞生長，免疫係統遭到破壞，主要器官生長受阻。此外，普斯泰博士的工作暗示著基因工程的遺傳過程本身是導致這些問題的根源。這說明，已經進入市場的任何轉基因食物（GM food）可能對人類造成同樣的問題。

When Pusztai went public with his concerns, he was praised for his “wonderful work” by his director at the prestigious Rowett Institute. But according to a colleague, “two phone calls from Downing Street [the home of UK Prime Minister Tony Blair] to the director” resulted in Pusztai’s sudden dismissal after 35 years. His protocols were shelved and he was the target of a relentless smear campaign, designed to destroy his reputation while promoting that of GMOs.

               普斯泰博士公開了他的擔心時，他所工作的聲望很高的羅維特研究院（Rowett Institute）的主任讚揚他的工作是“極好的工作”。但是，根據一位同事提供的情況，“來自當寧街[英國總理托尼·布萊爾官邸]打給主任的兩個電話”導致普斯泰博士工作了35年之後突然被解職。他設計的協議被放入書架中，他本人成為無情誹謗他的運動的目標，企圖在促進轉基因生物體的同時破壞他的信譽。

UC Berkeley Professor Ignacio Chapela was also targeted after he published evidence that GM corn had cross-pollinated with indigenous Mexican varieties, forever contaminating “the world’s genetic reservoir of corn.” Just after his research was published in Nature, Mary Murphy and Andura Smetacek began posting false accusations on a biotech forum website, recruiting scientists to inundate the publication with demands to retract the study. When anti-GMO campaigner Jonathan Matthews analyzed the technical headers on the two’s emails, he traced Smetacek to a Monsanto computer, and Murphy to their PR firm. The two were apparently fictitious characters created to stir things up. Matthews says, “There’s no ethics at all in what’s going on here. It shows an organization that is determined to push its products into countries around the world and it’s determined to destroy the reputation of anybody who stands in their way.”

               美國加州大學柏克萊學院（UC Berkeley）依戈納希奧·查帕拉教授（Professor Ignacio Chapela）發表證據證明轉基因玉米對墨西哥的玉米品種造成異花授粉，對“世界玉米遺傳庫”造成汙染。發表後，查帕拉教授也成為誹謗的對象。他的研究論文在《自然》雜誌發表後，瑪麗·墨菲（Mary Murphy）與安杜拉·斯梅塔茨克（Andura Smetacek）開始在網絡上一個生物技術論壇上發表偽造的指控，征募科學家要求撤銷他的論文。當反對轉基因生物體（anti-GMO）運動的宣傳者喬納森·馬修斯（Jonathan Matthews）對他們的兩個郵件的技術抬頭進行了分析，他跟蹤斯梅塔茨克（Smetacek）追蹤到孟山都公司的一台電腦，跟蹤墨菲（Murphy）追蹤到孟山都公司的公關關係公司的電腦。這兩位人士顯然是為挑起事端而編造的兩個“人士”。馬修斯（Matthews）說，“在哪裏發生的事情毫無道德規範可言。它顯示了這樣一個組織，它決心將他們的產品推銷到世界所有的國家，同時決心破壞任何敢於擋他們道的人信譽。”

Monster corn and contamination by design

有意設計的妖魔玉米與汙染

The film explores an ominous new development in Mexico that has yet to be reported in the scientific literature. Mutated and bizarrely shaped corn plants have been found “along the roadside or in people’s yards” or fields. Community organizer Aldo Gonzales says, “They are really monsters!” And whenever analyzed, the monsters turn out to be genetically engineered. Local scientists believe that when GM corn cross-pollinates with traditional varieties, some genetic effect disturbs the offspring.

               該影片揭露了尚未在科學文獻中報告的有惡兆的在墨西哥正在發展。人們“沿著道路或人民的院子旁”或者田野邊發現了變異的奇異形狀的玉米。社區組織者奧爾多·貢紮勒斯（Aldo Gonzales）說，“它們是真正的妖怪！”而且隻要進行分析的話，這個妖怪顯然就是轉基因工程。當地科學家相信，轉基因玉米（GM corn）一旦與傳統品種發生異花授粉，某些遺傳作用就擾亂它們的後代。

One Mexican farmer realized the implications. “If we don’t manage to stop their spread in our fields, soon we’ll be forced to buy our corn seed because our own won’t work anymore?” Gonzales wonders if the contamination was intentional. He says, “Contamination only benefits multinationals like Monsanto.”

               以為墨西哥農民理解了這意味著什麽.“如果我們不終止它們在我們的田地裏的傳播，用不了多久我們將被迫使購買玉米種子，因為我們自己的玉米種子無法再繁殖。” 貢紮勒斯（Gonzales）懷疑這種汙染是否是有意的。他說，“這種汙染隻能夠使孟山多這樣的跨國公司受益。”

Intentional contamination of another sort appears to have happened in Paraguay, as illegal Roundup Ready seeds were smuggled in before GMOs were approved. Roberto Franco, Paraguay’s Deputy Agriculture Ministry, tactfully admits, “It is possible that [Monsanto], let’s say, promoted its varieties and its seeds” before they were approved. “We had to authorize GMO seeds because they had already entered our country in an, let’s say, unorthodox way.”

               隨著非法的《防圍捕》種子（Roundup Ready seeds）在轉基因生物體（GMOs）獲得批準前已經被走私進來，看來在巴拉圭正在發生另外一種類型的有意的汙染。羅伯特·佛朗哥（Roberto Franco），巴拉圭農業部副部長，講策略地承認，“有可能，讓我們這樣說”，孟山都公司在批準他們之前“就開始推銷他們的品種與種子”。“我們不得不批準轉基因種子因為它們已經以一種非正統的方式進入了我們的國家。”

Once approved, large agribusinesses bought huge tracts and cut down the rainforest to plant vast Roundup Ready soybean fields. The GMOs allow them to spray by plane or mechanical spreader; to farm without farmers. Peasants who had worked the land for generations are forced out—100,000 each year leave rural areas to live in the shanty towns of the cities. In one small farm community that is holding out next to a soy field, sprayed Roundup kills their livestock and crops, and sickens their children.

               一旦獲得批準，大規模的農業企業開始購買巨型的拖拉機與砍伐原始森林來大規模量種植《防圍捕除草劑》大豆（Roundup Ready soybean）。轉基因生物體（GMOs）允許他們用飛機撒播或者機械化撒播；以沒有農民的方式進行種植。曾經數代種田的農民不得不離開這些土地 – 每年有10萬農民離開農村區域住到大城市周邊的棚屋區。在大豆田旁邊堅持著的一個小的農村社區，噴灑的《圍捕除草劑》殺死了他們的家畜與農作物，使他們的孩子得病。

Destroying farmers

摧毀農民

US family farmers also feel the heat. Troy Roush is one of hundreds accused by Monsanto of illegally saving their seeds. The company requires farmers to sign a contract that they will not save and replant GM seeds from their harvest. That way Monsanto can sell its seeds—at a premium—each season.

               美國的家庭農場也感到壓力。特洛伊·勞氏（Troy Roush）是數百人之一遭到孟山都公司起訴，說他非法保留了他們的種子。孟山都公司要求農民們簽署一項合同，承諾不得保留他們收割的產品作為重新種植的轉基因種子。以這樣的方式，孟山都公司可以每季高價銷售它們的種子。

Although Roush maintains his innocence, he was forced to settle with Monsanto after two and a half years of court battles. He says his “family was just destroyed [from] the stress involved.” Many farmers are afraid, according to Roush, because Monsanto has “created a little industry that serves no other purpose than to wreck farmers’ lives.”

               盡管勞氏（Roush）堅持他是清白的，在打了兩年半官司後他被迫接受孟山都的條件。他說他的“家庭被遭受的壓力毀掉了。”據勞氏（Roush）介紹，許多農民害怕，因為孟山都“已經建立了一個除了毀壞農民的生活外沒有其他目的的小產業。”

Massive farmer suicides

造成許多農民自殺

In many countries where Monsanto monopolizes the seeds of certain crops, they eliminate non-GMO choices to force farmers to buy GM varieties. In India, for example, where Monsanto pushes their pesticide-producing Bt cotton, “there was no non-BT hybrid seed available in the market,” says agronomist Kiran Sakhari.

               在孟山都公司壟斷了某些品種種子的許多國家，他們排除非轉基因生物體之外的任何選擇以便強迫農民購買轉基因品種（GM varieties）。在印度，舉例來說，孟山都公司推銷它們的“產生殺蟲劑Bt棉花“（pesticide-producing Bt cotton），“在市場上已經沒有非-BT*****了”，農學家凱然·薩克哈瑞（Kiran Sakhari）說。

Farmers had to borrow heavily to pay four times the price for the GM varieties, along with the chemicals needed to grow them. In spite of glowing promises of higher yields by Monsanto’s ads, Bt cotton often performs poorly. Tragically, tens of thousands of indebted desperate farmers have resorted to suicide, often drinking unused pesticides. In one region, more than three Bt cotton farmers take their own lives each day.

          農民不得不大量借款支付四倍價格的轉基因品種（GM varieties）以及種植他們必須的化學品。除了孟山都公司廣告中響亮保證的高產外，Bt棉花的表現往往很差。非常悲慘，數萬負債累累絕望了的農民選擇自殺，通常喝掉沒有用完的殺蟲劑。在某個地區，每天有三名以上種植Bt棉花的農民自殺。

Replacing Nature: “Nothing Shall Be Eaten That We Don’t Own”

代替自然：“不要食用我們不擁有的任何食物”

Monsanto is the world’s largest seed company and many are concerned. Troy Roush says, “They are in the process of owning food, all food.” Paraguayan farmer Jorge Galeano says, “Its objective is to control all of the world’s food production.” Renowned Indian physicist and community organizer Vandana Shiva says, “If they control seed, they control food; they know it, it’s strategic. It’s more powerful than bombs; it’s more powerful than guns. This is the best way to control the populations of the world.”

               孟山多公司是世界上最大的種子公司因而許多人擔心。（美國）特洛伊·勞氏（Troy Roush）說，“”他們出於擁有食物，所有的食物的過程中。“巴拉圭農民傑奧治·伽裏諾（Jorge Galeano）說，“他們的目標是控製全球的食物生產。”著名印度物理學家與社區組織者凡達納·施瓦（Vandana Shiva）說，“如果他們控製種子，他們就控製了食物；他們對此很清楚，這是戰略。這比炸彈更強有力；這比槍炮更強有力。這是控製全世界人口的最好方法。”

The World According to Monsanto is aptly named. It is about Monsanto seeking to recreate the world in its own image, for its own benefit. They intend to replace (and patent) the entire food supply. And since their genetic pollution self-propagates in the environment, it will outlast the effects of global warming and nuclear waste.

               世界，依據孟山都公司，被適宜地命名。這是關於孟山都公司企望以他們自己的想象與他們自己的利益再造這個世界的問題。他們打算對整個食品供應進行更換（並取得其專利）。自從他們的基因汙染在環境中自我傳播，最終它將活過全球溫暖與何廢料的效應。

Such widespread permanent influence may not be safe with any individual or company. With Monsanto’s record, the results can only be catastrophic.

               這樣廣泛傳播的持久的影響對任何個人或公司都不是安全的。但是在孟山多公司曆史記錄的情況下，這種結果隻可能是災難性的。

This powerful documentary might just inspire a global rejection of Monsanto’s plans for our world. If so, it will be the most important film in history.

               這個有震撼力的新聞紀錄片可能激發全球拒絕孟山都公司對我們世界的機會。如果能夠這樣的話，這部影片將是曆史上最重要的的影片。

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Jeffrey M. Smith is the international bestselling author of Seeds of Deception and Genetic Roulette, the executive director of the Institute for Responsible Technology, and director of The Campaign for Healthier Eating in America.

Jeffrey M. Smith是國際上暢銷書《欺騙的種子》（Seeds of Deception）與《遺傳賭局》（Genetic Roulette）的作者，負責任技術研究院的執行主任，亦是美國《更健康飲食運動》的主任。

The World According to Monsanto is co-produced by the National Film Board of Canada, ARTE France, Image & Compagnie, WDR, and Les Productions Thalie.

《孟山都公司眼中的世界》合作拍攝者為加拿大國家電影理事會、法國ARTE、影像與運動、WDR、以及Les Productions Thalie。