自從製裁以後， 中國俄羅斯的各自的 代替都已經鋪好了額，有的是比特幣搭建的， 一旦這個成功啟動，就再也沒有回頭路了， 就像以前的APPLE SHOP 壟斷 , 後來ANDROID 出來就三分天下了， 現在華為也想上分一杯
- China’s CIPS (Cross-Border Interbank Payment System):
- What It Is: Launched in 2015 by the People’s Bank of China, CIPS facilitates yuan-based transactions globally, aiming to internationalize the renminbi.
- Scale: Connects around 1,500 financial institutions across 100+ countries, processing ¥80 trillion (~$11 trillion USD) in 2023.
- Status: It’s growing but still relies on SWIFT for messaging in many cases. It’s more a complement than a full substitute, focusing on yuan settlements rather than broad currency coverage.
- Edge: Faster yuan transactions; less exposure to U.S.-led sanctions.
- Limit: Smaller network and currency focus mean it’s not a global replacement.
- Russia’s SPFS (System for Transfer of Financial Messages):
- What It Is: Developed by the Central Bank of Russia since 2014 as a SWIFT alternative, especially after sanctions threats.
- Scale: Over 400 Russian banks and 23 foreign banks in 20 countries (e.g., Armenia, Belarus) by late 2023. Expanding slowly.
- Status: Fully operational within Russia, with limited international reach. It mimics SWIFT’s structure but lacks global adoption.
- Edge: Sanction-proof for Russia; integrates with allies like Iran’s SEPAM.
- Limit: Tiny compared to SWIFT’s 11,000+ institutions; not viable globally.
- Ripple (RippleNet):
- What It Is: A fintech solution using blockchai
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- Sanctions Push: Russia’s 2022 SWIFT ban accelerated SPFS and CIPS use, but trade disruptions (e.g., India-Russia rupee-rouble delays) show their limits.
- China’s Ambition: CIPS and Smart SkyNet (satellite-based comms) signal a long-term challenge, but they’re not there yet.
- Fintech Growth: Ripple and Wise nibble at SWIFT’s edges, but they’re not systemic threats.
