談談固態硬盤（SSD）及其在Windows 7的優化

參見 http://dencode.blogspot.com

SSD是英文Solid State Drive的縮寫，中文譯作固態硬盤或電子硬盤，目前越來越多地在計算機和便攜電子設備中使用。SSD是基於電子芯片，通常用閃存(Flash)芯片。閃存芯片細分也有很多類，如NAND, NOR, MovieNand, iNand, eMMC。大家常用的SD卡就是Nand閃存芯片封裝在塑料殼內。

SSD有眾多下顯而易見的優點，可以替代傳統硬盤，隻是價格上還不具優勢。其優點是：具有低功耗、無噪音、抗震動、低熱量的特點，不僅使得數據能更加安全地得到保存，而且也延長了靠電池供電的便攜設備的連續運轉時間。例如韓國三星半導體公司（SAMSUNG Semiconductor）於2006年3月推出的容量為32GB的固態硬盤，采用了和常規微硬盤相同的1.8英寸規格。其耗電量隻有常規硬盤的5%，寫入速度是常規硬盤的1.5倍，讀取速度是常規硬盤的3倍，並且沒有任何噪音。對於玩電腦遊戲，或運行大量計算，或經常編譯大量程序的用戶來說，目前的計算機CPU速度都很快，內存也足夠多，顯卡的性能也不錯，通常瓶頸就在硬盤上。我經常用GNU的compiler編譯大量程序，我的Laptop換了SSD後，其編譯速度不亞於Core i7的Desktop PC。
目前SSD的最大問題仍然是成本和寫入次數。隨著SSD逐漸普及，工藝不斷改進，芯片的集成度不斷提高，其成本正逐步下降。而閃存的寫入次數通常在1萬到一百萬次，對普通用戶來說，SSD的壽命足以使用到更新換代的時刻到來。相比之下，其售價的下降還很緩慢。
SSD大部分被製作成與常規硬盤相同的外形，例如常見的1.8英寸、2.5英寸或3.5英寸規格，並采用了相互兼容的接口；但有些固態硬碟也使用 PCI Express 或是 Express Card接口，以提高傳輸的速度或減小體積。
由於SSD具有與傳統硬盤顯著不同的特性，所以在Windows操作係統中，有很多設置可更好地發揮SSD的優越性。下文譯自 Computing.net by Tom's Guide，原文Solid State Drive (SSD) Tweaks for Windows 7。

中文翻譯參見 http://dencode.blogspot.com

This HowTo is to provide the common tweaks used to optimize your new SSD for Windows 7. I would recommend checking the performance of your SSD before and after these tweaks to see how they impact your performance. I recommend using AS SSD Benchmark to check your performance.

Warning! The reader takes full responsibiity for any damage that may occur to their PC or hardware by follwing these recommended tweaks. These are just recommendations to improve the performance of the SSD but are not required if your SSD is functioning correctly.

Step 1. SATA Controller set to AHCI Mode:

• During the installation process, you want to ensure your BIOS are set to AHCI for the SATA controller to enable AHCI. AHCI is needed for native TRIM support utilized by a SSD.
• If you have already installed the OS in IDE mode, it is recommened to switch to AHCI after completing the steps listed in this Windows Article: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/922976, if your BIOS support AHCI.

Step 2. Verify TRIM is Enabled

Verifing TRIM will confirm that the TRIM commands are being sent from Windows to the SSD.

How to Verify TRIM is Enabled

•  
  • In the start menu search box, type" cmd";
  • Right click the cmd program and select Run as Adminstrator; and
  • In the command line type "fsutil behavior query DisableDeleteNotify".
    • if DisableDeleteNotify = 0 TRIM is Enabled.
    • If DisableDeleteNotify = 1 TRIM is Disabled.

When typing in the command window, don't include " " when typing.

 

Step 3. Disable System Restore

System Restore on a SSD can degrade the SSD performance over time and make it very difficult for TRIM to work. It is recommended to disable System Restore to prevent this and to regain valuable SSD storage sapce.

How to Disable:

•  
  • Right click on My Computer and select Properties;
  • Select System Protection;
  • Select Configure; and
  • Select Turn Off System Restore.

 

Step 4. Disable Drive Indexing

With the access times of a SSD (0.1 ms for most), there is no need to index the drive for quicker response times, like with a standard hard drive.

How to Disable:

•  
  • Go into My Computer;
  • Right click your SSD and select Properties; and
  • Un-check the box marked "Allow files to have contents indexed in addition to file properties".
  • A popup screen may appear, stating there is an error applying attributes, this is normal and you should select "Ignore All" and continue.

 

Step 5. Disable Drive Defragmentation Schedule

By default, Windows 7 should automatically disable defrag by default as part of the TRIM requirements. In case it doesn't, you'll want to disable this feature, as defraging your SSD is not a good thing!!

How to Disable:

•  
  • Go into My Computer;
  • Right click your SSD and select Tools tab;
  • Select the box Defragment Now;
  • Select the box Configure Schedule; and
  • Un-check the the Run on a Schedule Box.

 

 

Step 6. Disable PageFile

This does not improve the performance of the SSD but does get you back 3 to 4 GB of valuable space on your SSD. Also, it is not recommend for users with less than 4GB of Memory or doing without watching your RAM usages prior to implementing.

How to Disable:

•  
  • Right click My Computer;
  • Select Properties;
  • Select Advanced System Settings;
  • Select the Performance tab and Advanced tab;
  • Select the Change box for virtural memory;
  • Un-check Automatically Manage Page File Size For All Drives;
  • Select No Paging File and click the set box; and
  •  Select Yes to allow and restart.

 

Step 7. Disable Hibernation

Disabling hibernation will return 2 GB of valuable storage space to your SSD. Also, it provides no real benefit to a SSD due to it's quick load times.

How to Disable:

•  
  • In the start menu search box, type" cmd";
  • Right click the cmd program and select Run as Adminstrator; and
  • In the command line type "powercfg -h off".
  • Once completed, the command prompt returns.

When typing in the command window, don't include " " when typing.

 

Step 8. Disable Prefetch and Superfetch

How to Disable:

•  
  • Type Regedit into the Start Menu;

 

•  
  • Select the file path; "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\CurrentControlSet\Control\SessionManager\Memory Management\PrefetchParameters"
  • Right click on both EnablePrefetcher and EnableSuperfetch;
  • Select modify on each of these to change the value from 1 (or 3) to 0, and
  • Restart.

 

Step 9. Disable Windows Write-Cache Buffer Flusing

This is not recommended for Intel SSD, as it has a negative effect on their performance. It is recommend to check performance before and after this tweak to determine if has a negative or postive effect.

How to Disable:

•  
  • Right click My Computer and select Properties;
  • Select Device Manager;
  • Select Disk Drives;
  • Right click the SSD and select Properties; and
  • Under the Polices tab, uncheck the Enable write caching on the device.

 

Step 10. Disable Windows Search and Superfetch

How to Disable:

•  
  • Press Winkey + 'R' for Run Dialogue;
  • Type "services.msc" and press Enter;
  • Scroll to Superfetch, right click and select Properties;
  • In the drop down menu, select Disabled and select Ok;
  • Scroll to Windows Search, right click and select Properties;
  • Click the Stop box, than use the drop down menu, select Disable and select Ok.

 

Step 11. Disable ClearPageFileAtShutdown and LargeSystemCache.

How to Disable:

 

•  
  • Type Regedit into the Start Menu;

 

•  
  • Select the file path; "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\CurrentControlSet\Control\SessionManager\Memory Management"
  • Right click on both ClearPageFileAtShutdown and LargeSystemCache;
  • Select modify on each of these to change the value from 1 to 0, and
  • Restart.

 

Step 12. Adjusting the Power Settings

Adjusting the Power Settings

•  
  • Go to Control Panel;
  • Select System and Security'
  • Select Power Options and Click the drop down for Show Additional Plans;
  • Select the High Performance bubble to apply it;
  • Click Change Plan Settings for High Performance;
  • Click Change Advanced Power Settings;
  • Click the hard disk drop down option;
  • Change Turn off hard disk after to 0 minutes (Never)
  • Select OK; and
  • Select Save Settings.

所有跟帖： 

• Thanks, collected -////- ♂ (0 bytes) () 11/11/2011 postreply 06:02:56

• 能否推薦幾個非蘋果的SSD的性價比比較高的laptop? -xinliji- ♀ (0 bytes) () 11/11/2011 postreply 07:30:57

• 現在的laptop都能換SSD,就幾個螺絲。 ----newbee---- ♀ (0 bytes) () 11/11/2011 postreply 08:40:41

• 沒做過調研，沒有發言權，另外我在加拿大，deal和美國的也不同 -enchanted- ♂ (0 bytes) () 11/12/2011 postreply 05:22:54

• HP Folio 13 Ultrabook: starts at $900 with a 128GB SSD and backl -enchanted- ♂ (119 bytes) () 11/16/2011 postreply 06:09:24

• SSD目前還是偏貴，對於Laptop的性價比調研不多，沒發言權 -enchanted- ♂ (0 bytes) () 11/12/2011 postreply 05:25:43