- Head room (front/rear): 38.8/35.3"
- Leg room (front/rear): 42.7/35.4"
- Shoulder room (front/rear): 57.7/55.0"
- Hip room (front/rear): 55.0/54.7"
- Seating capacity: 5 adults
- Total cargo volume: 31.6 cu ft
- Rear cargo volume (seats up/down): 26.3/58.1 cu ft
- Front trunk cargo volume: 5.3 cu ft
- Turning circle: 37 ft
- Curb weight: 4,647.3 lbs
- Weight distribution (%, front/rear): approx. 48/52
- Model S is a rear wheel drive electric vehicle. The liquid-cooled powertrain includes the battery, motor, drive inverter, and gear box.
- 60 kWh microprocessor controlled, lithium-ion battery
- Three phase, four pole AC induction motor with copper rotor
- Drive inverter with variable frequency drive and regenerative braking system
- Single speed fixed gear with 9.73:1 reduction ratio
- 10 kW capable on-board charger with the following input compatibility: 85-265 V, 45-65 Hz, 1-40 A (Optional 20 kW capable Twin Chargers increases input compatibility to 80 A)
- Peak charger efficiency of 92%
- 10 kW capable Universal Mobile Connector with 110 V, 240 V, and J1772 adapters
- 4 year or 50,000 mile, whichever comes first, new vehicle limited warranty
- 60 kWh battery has an 8 year or 125,000 mile, whichever comes first, warranty
- 85 kWh battery has an 8 year, unlimited mile warranty
1.馬甲是UK Lotus Elise改的(記得lotus曾被印度買了?)build to order。核心是買了AC propulsion tzero概念車的全套驅動技術AC-150,後者曾使用鉛蓄電池獲得4.07秒的加速度,用的名字就是roadster。當時最大速度為90mph@12000rpm,變速箱9.1:1。2003年改用鋰電池,因故沒能量產。Tesla是19世紀三相感應式電機發明人的名字,這種電機曾在50年前的中國農村用於拖動水泵。
2.super S有配60KWh/85KWh電池,其中60KWh是208mile,估計空調收音機都沒開的最優狀態下(速度可能還是25mph--它最初創記錄時的速度)。
3.用三洋(股東之一)18650,3.1Ah鋰電,新產品去除單元的保護電路(降低成本增加風險),在電池盒裏噴塗,在單元失火時能起化學反應降低溫度,有的說是液體冷卻。這點是值得學習的。
4.電池3.1Ah×3.6V=11.16Wh或1KWh需89.6節,60~85KWh需5376~7616節電池。
網上說roadster用了6831節電池(11 sectors with 621 batteries each),約1000磅。PEM用85~95%的效率和72隻IGBT轉換為交流。我認為是三相,72/6=12估計11 sectors是轉換後並聯以簡化設計降低故障率。
5.對60KWh電池125000mile需充電至少601次。這恰是我以前說過的鋰電600次壽命。如果每次在50%充,壽命可能提高10%多。
問題是少量單元可能提前損壞,對整個電池組壽命的影響不清楚。但上述11 sectors有助益。
6.按網上估計的電池價格0.8~2刀,換電池至少要4300~6093刀,可能翻倍。
補充: 曾有用戶因幾周沒充電,電池就廢了,更換報價是40000刀。據稱S款一周放電可達50%!
7.網上說軟件限速為130mph,416hp/443ft-lb torque。按19吋輪胎和固定的9.73:1降速,這相當於馬達最高轉速:
9.73*(130/60)*63360/(19*3.1416)=22377.7rpm
這顯然很高,沒準馬達(軸承)壽命不到8年。如果按75mph駕駛則為12910rpm也不低。總之,單速直接驅動在城市裏還行。
8. 感應式馬達噪音小,調速隻能是變頻。據稱馬達輸出可達185KW,電池峰值輸出200KW,與原型機一樣。
9.家用充電單元是10KW,雙單元20KW,充滿分別要6/3小時,速率不比任何手機強。
10.tesla基本上是買了別人的東西換了馬甲。與一半的美國公司類似,它的能力在於吸金和營銷,技術含量有限。
補遺:據稱0-60mph時間約4秒,但同一文章說車重2500磅-其中電池約1000磅。
http://jalopnik.com/5887265/tesla-motors-devastating-design-problem
webarchive.teslamotors.com/images/owners/Owners_Manual_complete.pdf.zip
補充:關於網友指出加速性能而我回應是電機係的原因,我找到一段話應證:“Bullet proof drive-trains: EV's make max ft lb @ 0rpm, therefore don't require a gearbox, less to go wrong BUT, because there's so much twist @ 0rpm, the drive-train needs serious strengthening otherwise you can easily snap a drive-shaft. Tesla had that very problem in development, therefore added a single speed, gear-reduction transmission to prevent the driveline from snapping.”
這車的馬達就是三相AC與單相無刷相似(不需永久磁鐵)是1889年由tesla發明的:
http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/induction-versus-dc-brushless-motors
原型車,AC_Propulsion公司網頁還在:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Propulsion_tzer
聽國內朋友說,充電器是國內某理工大學開發的,他有朋友買了一套連電池19萬多。