汽車顏色的安全性差別——生死有命 安全在色
澳大利亞最大的汽車保險公司——NRMA公司的研究員就汽車顏色與交通事故發生頻率之間的關係進行了一番研究,結果表明:撞車等交通事故的發生與汽車顏 色的顯眼度有著密切的聯係,深色以及容易與道路環境相混合的黑、金、綠、藍等顏色的汽車發生交通事故的幾率遠高於明亮的嫩黃、米色、奶色和白色汽車。這是 為什麽呢?
研究表明,在霧天、雨天或每天清晨、傍晚時分,黃色汽車和淺綠色汽車最容易被人發現,發現的距離比發現一般深色汽車要遠3 倍左右。因此,淺淡且顏色鮮豔不僅使汽車外形輪廓看上去增大了,使汽車有較好的可視性,而且使反向開來的汽車駕駛員精神振奮,精力集中,因此,有利於行車 安全。
新西蘭奧克蘭大學的休•弗內斯(Sue Furness)教授在對1000多輛各色小汽車進行調研後發現,銀白色是最佳選擇,出車禍的幾率最小,而且即使出事,司機受傷程度也相對較輕,在車禍中 遭受重傷的比率比開白色汽車的少50%。相比之下,開白、黃、灰、紅、藍車的司機受傷的幾率大致相同,而黑、褐、綠車最容易發生交通事故,駕車人受傷的機 會是開白、黃、灰、紅、藍車的2倍。休•弗內斯說,銀白色汽車為何比其他顏色汽車安全的原因目前還不得知,他們推測這可能與銀白色對光線的反射率較高,易於識別有關。她建議提高銀白色汽車上路行駛的比例,以減少交通事故。
汽車內飾的顏色選擇對駕駛員的情緒具有一定的影響,也會影響行車安全。內飾采用明快的配色,能給人以寬敞、舒適的感覺。夏天最好采用冷色,冬天最好采用 暖色,這樣可以調節冷暖感覺。另外,色彩的明度與純度也會引起對色彩物理印象的錯覺,一般來說,顏色的重量感主要取決於色彩的明度,暗色給人以重的感覺, 明色給人以輕的感覺。淡的亮色使人覺得柔軟,暗的純色則有強硬的感覺。恰當地使用色彩裝飾可以減輕疲勞,減少交通事故的發生。
大陸汽車俱樂部與清華大學汽車碰撞試驗室聯合發布汽車顏色與安全性研究。研究表明,黑色的車最容易發生交通事故,白色的車則相對而言最安全。
通過對黑、白、銀灰、藍、綠五種顏色的車所做的測試表明,在清晨以及傍晚時段光線不好的情況下,黑色車輛最難被人眼識別,在此時段最易被識別的則是白色及銀色車輛。
視認性白色好於銀灰色,好於藍色,好於綠色,好於黑色。而給人以跳躍、興奮的紅色,雖然容易引起人們的注意,卻也容易引起視覺疲勞,相對的不利於行車安全。
主要從事車輛救援工作的大陸汽車俱樂部,根據公司2004年7月到2005年6月的統計數據,針對北京地區黎明和黃昏時期發生的5158起交通事故進行分析,得到各顏色車輛事故率及排名結果也顯示:
淺色係車相對安全,深色係車事故發生率稍高。
據介紹,北京地區的駕駛員普遍存在一個習慣:在清晨和傍晚時段光線不好時,開車不打開前燈。而打開前燈是黑色車輛避免發生事故的最有效方法。
有關數據表明,在選擇汽車顏色時,89%的人考慮的是個人喜好,隻有3%的人考慮到安全因素。
加之我國汽車顏色與安全的研究剛剛起步,業內人士認為,短期來講汽車的銷量不會由於安全問題受到顏色的影響。
使紅、黃、藍、綠色的轎車與觀察者保持等距離,在觀察者看來,似乎紅色和黃色轎車要近一些,而藍色和綠色轎車要遠一些。因此,紅色和黃色稱前進色,藍色和綠色稱後退色。前進色的視認性較好。
近來有研究表明,轎車行車安全性不僅受其操作安全視線等因素的影響,而且還受到車身顏色的能見度影響。心理學家認為,視認性好的顏色能見度佳,因此這類顏色用於轎車車身可以有效提高行車的安全性。顏色的可視認性主要與下列因素有關:
顏色的進退性。即所謂前進色和後退色。比如使紅、黃、藍、綠色轎車與觀察者保持等距度,在觀察者看來,似乎紅色和黃色轎車要近一些,而藍色和綠色轎車要遠一些。因此紅色和黃色稱前進色,藍色和綠色稱後退色。前進色視認性較好。
顏色的脹縮性。將相同車身塗上不同的顏色,會產生體積大小不同的感覺。如黃色感覺大一些,有膨脹性,稱膨脹色;藍色和綠色感覺小一些,有收縮性,稱收縮 色。膨脹色與收縮色視認效果不一樣,據日本和美國車輛事故調查,發生事故的轎車中,藍色和綠色的最多,黃色的最少,可見膨脹色的視認性較好。
顏色的明暗性。顏色在人們視覺中的亮度是不同的,可分為明色和暗色。紅色和黃色為明色,視認性較好。暗色看起來會覺得小一些、遠一些和模糊一些。
從安全角度考慮,轎車以視認性好的顏色為佳。有些視認性不太好的顏色,如果進行合理的搭配,也可提高其視認性。如藍色和白色相配,效果就大為改善。
來自大陸汽車救援俱樂部與清華大學汽車碰撞試驗室的研究結果表明,在天氣晴好的條件下,淺色係的汽車顏色安全性高於深色係汽車。在黃昏、清晨光線不足的情況下,黑色汽車的事故率是白色汽車的3倍。
經過視覺主觀評價、色差及灰度差和事故數據等的分析後,研究得出了進一步的結論:汽車的顏色關係到駕車的安全問題,顏色對汽車的可視性產生影響。通常情 況下,比較容易被人的眼睛所辨別的顏色更加容易引起道路上駕駛者以及行人的注意,相對不容易發生正麵碰撞以及追尾等事故。
Is car safety color blind?
We’re not exactly a fashion blog, but we couldn’t help noticing the results of DuPont’s annual car color report highlighting color popularity around the globe.
In the United States and Canada, white/pearl stayed on top, but black edged out silver, which used to be the most popular color around the world. Those results combine passenger cars and commercial vehicles.
So it got us thinking...are any of those colors safer than the others?
It turns out that it’s not an easy question to answer, as there’s a rainbow of factors to consider.
One study of cars in Auckland, New Zealand, published in the British Medical Journal (free registration required) in 2003 says that “silver cars were about 50% less likely to be involved in a crash resulting in serious injury than white cars.” In a follow-up online discussion, the authors responded to some complaints about the validity of the study, given that it was done in a single location. “There is no snow in Auckland in winter, and snow may influence the visibility of silver cars, which may make a difference to the ‘safety’.” They also said, “We would expect that the lightness or darkness of the colour (i.e., how it would appear in a black and white photocopy) would be more important than the actual hue.”
A report from the AAA Foundation (PDF) in 2004 states that just because a color is more visible doesn’t necessarily mean it’s involved in fewer crashes. “The relationship between car color and safety is complex. Background color (trees, desert, etc.), weather conditions (rain, fog, snow), and daylight have a profound effect on conspicuity.”
And a 28 pager from the Monash University Accident Research Centre (PDF) in Victoria, Australia concluded that “Compared with white vehicles, a number of colours were associated with higher crash risk. These colours are generally those lower on the visibility index and include black, blue, grey, green, red and silver...The association between vehicle colour and crash risk was strongest during daylight hours where relative crash risks were higher for the colours listed compared to white by up to around 10%.”
We would add that even considering accident frequency by color doesn’t necessarily factor in demographics and driving behavior. Drivers of red cars may have different personalities than drivers of beige cars, for instance.
So, it would seem that you can let way more important factors govern your color decision, like how well the hue coordinates with your house when your car is parked in the driveway.
We’ve often wondered about all those silver and grey cars; don’t they blend right into the roads they’re driven on? And the forest green ones out in the countryside look a lot like, you know, the forest green of the countryside.
However, as we have seen in motorcycle studies, bright coloring (in that case, for jacket and helmet) can help one to stand out from the background and traffic. A bright colored car, one that contrasts with the surroundings, might be worth considering over a flat black or textured asphalt grey.
Although the most visible car would seem to be the safest, whichever car you’re driving, you are the biggest factor in getting safely from point A to point B.
So:
Be proactive: Turn your headlights on at dusk and dawn and when it’s foggy, raining, or snowing; keep a close watch on what the cars around you are doing; wear your seatbelt.
Check out our Guide to Car Safety for a rundown of safety features as well as safety resources and videos.
—Jonea Gurwitt