You can still jump start your car. That means your startor is good. Your battery is new? The new battery should be fully charged before your purchase. The charging system is working fine indicating the alternator is good. I would guess that there is a short circuit which drained your battery. A short is very difficult to find. You can check all the ground connections in the engine compartment.
However, I still could not figure out why the engine will stop after 10 min running. When you jump start the car, you charging your battery first, right? Regular passenger car could not jump start your engine directly. Once your engine starts, the alternator should provide enough current to power the spark plugs.