Asthma is typically managed with a combination of medications. The most common types of medications used to alleviate asthma symptoms include:
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Inhaled Corticosteroids: These are the most important medications for most people with asthma. They reduce swelling and inflammation in the airways, making them less sensitive and less likely to react to triggers. Examples include fluticasone (Flovent), budesonide (Pulmicort), and beclomethasone (Qvar).
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Short-Acting Beta Agonists (SABAs): These are often referred to as rescue inhalers. They work quickly to relax tight muscles around your airways when you're having a flare-up. Examples include albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA) and levalbuterol (Xopenex).
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Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABAs): These are used along with inhaled corticosteroids for long-term control of asthma symptoms. They should not be used for quick relief. Examples include salmeterol (Serevent) and formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist).
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Combination Inhalers: These medications contain an inhaled corticosteroid plus a LABA. Examples include fluticasone and salmeterol (Advair Diskus, Advair HFA), budesonide and formoterol (Symbicort), and fluticasone and vilanterol (Breo Ellipta).
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Leukotriene Modifiers: These oral medications help control asthma symptoms by blocking the action of leukotrienes, chemicals in the immune system that can lead to asthma symptoms. Examples include montelukast (Singulair), zafirlukast (Accolate), and zileuton (Zyflo).
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Theophylline: This is a daily pill that helps keep the airways open (bronchodilator). It's used to treat mild asthma.
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Biologic Therapies: These are advanced medications for people with severe asthma or asthma that's triggered by allergies. They're given by injection and include omalizumab (Xolair), mepolizumab (Nucala), reslizumab (Cinqair), and benralizumab (Fasenra).
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Oral Corticosteroids: For severe asthma attacks, oral corticosteroids may be prescribed. They are effective but can have significant side effects if used long term. Examples include prednisone and methylprednisolone.
It's important to note that asthma treatment varies from person to person. What works well for one person might not work for another. Therefore, it's crucial to work with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for individual needs and to adjust medications as necessary.
以下是將哮喘常用藥物的信息翻譯成中文：
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吸入性皮質類固醇：這些是大多數哮喘患者最重要的藥物。它們可以減少氣道中的腫脹和炎症，使氣道變得不那麽敏感，不太可能對觸發因素作出反應。例如：氟替卡鬆（Flovent）、布地奈德（Pulmicort）和倍氯米鬆（Qvar）。
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短效β2受體激動劑（SABAs）：這些通常被稱為急救吸入劑。它們可以迅速放鬆圍繞氣道的緊張肌肉，用於應對突發症狀。例如：沙丁胺醇（ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA）和左旋沙丁胺醇（Xopenex）。
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長效β2受體激動劑（LABAs）：這些藥物與吸入性皮質類固醇一起使用，用於長期控製哮喘症狀。它們不應用於快速緩解。例如：沙美特羅爾（Serevent）和福莫特羅（Foradil, Perforomist）。
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複合吸入劑：這些藥物包含了吸入性皮質類固醇和長效β2受體激動劑。例如：氟替卡鬆與沙美特羅爾（Advair Diskus, Advair HFA）、布地奈德與福莫特羅（Symbicort）、氟替卡鬆與維蘭特羅爾（Breo Ellipta）。
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白三烯調節劑：這些口服藥物通過阻斷免疫係統中可能導致哮喘症狀的白三烯的作用來幫助控製哮喘症狀。例如：蒙特盧卡斯（Singulair）、紮非盧卡斯（Accolate）和鋅魯卡斯（Zyflo）。
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茶堿：這是一種每日口服藥物，有助於保持氣道開放（支氣管擴張劑）。它用於治療輕度哮喘。
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生物製劑：這些是用於治療嚴重哮喘或由過敏引起的哮喘的高級藥物。它們通過注射給藥，包括奧馬珠單抗（Xolair）、美普利珠單抗（Nucala）、雷司利珠單抗（Cinqair）和貝那利珠單抗（Fasenra）。
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口服皮質類固醇：對於嚴重哮喘發作，可能會開口服皮質類固醇。它們非常有效，但如果長期使用可能會有顯著的副作用。例如：強的鬆和甲潑尼龍。
需要注意的是，哮喘治療因人而異。對一個人有效的方法可能對另一個人無效。因此，與醫療保健提供者合作以確定最佳治療計劃並根據需要調整藥物是非常重要的。
