笨狼發牢騷
發發牢騷，解解悶，消消愁
癌症現狀（上）
現代癌症研究、治療的轉折點：癌症基因的發現
The Discovery of the Human Oncogene
《萬症之首屬癌症》第三集
關於當今癌症研究的最新發展，下麵三片極佳的介紹：
A conversation on the future of cancer research at Columbia University
2015.03
Curing Cancer: How Close are We?
2014.10
“兒童白血病治愈率達90%”，了不起的成就。
梅查理：希望之城癌症中心
具體癌症治療方法不多（有提及），主要是癌症綜合治療的範例。
作為癌症治療的最有希望的法子，說說免疫學。
說句外行話，舉個例子說說為什麽免疫學關鍵。開頭說了，“基因突變的可能性，指數量級”，然而人體免疫係統也有指數量級，有應對的能力。如何利用人體自身強大的力量，是個關鍵。再舉個大家高興的例子。
說現代飲食很成問題，是真的，飲食搞好了，身體的免疫係統就知道誰是敵人，誰是朋友，更加有效力。
1996.10
Immunology Breakthrough Earns Nobel Prize
2013.12
Cancer Immunotherapy Named 2013 “Breakthrough of the Year”
Cancer Immunotherapy Named Science Magazine “Breakthrough of the Year”
美國科學雜誌：Breakthrough of the Year 2013
文章。
治療，新的治療方法想法是：基因為指導，精確、針對性、局部、綜合（環境、飲食、心理、高技術、治療共用）。IBM（國際商用機器公司）最近將幾乎所有癌症數據輸入超級計算機裏供醫療界使用，一個例子。
美國癌症協會列舉的現在使用的治療方式：
Surgery（手術）
Chemotherapy（化療）
Radiation therapy（理療）
Targeted Therapy（針對性治療）
Immunotherapy（免疫療法）
Hyperthermia（熱療）
Stem Cell Transplant (Peripheral Blood, Bone Marrow, and Cord Blood Transplants)（胎盤細胞移植）
那說了半天現在進步極快，是不是癌症基本有戲了？還沒有。
美國癌症協會數據
死亡率（2009）
（與世界衛生組織數據稍有區別）
5年前，死亡率還是高，肺癌肝癌很凶，所以煙酒就免了（別提什麽紅葡萄酒有益，一周一兩杯，打住了）。
發病分布（2012）
中國肺癌肝癌發病率高，胃癌食道癌也厲害，中國飲食習慣真是問題。
預防、早期發現很關鍵。
美國國家衛生研究院（National Institutes of Health，簡稱NIH）所屬美國國家癌症研究院（National Cancer Institutes）的數據（不好用）。
死亡率（所有人、所有癌症，不隻是癌症病人的死亡率）：
許多大家麵臨的困境，還在那。
美國大眾電台
Stats Split On Progress Against Cancer
Why The War On Cancer Hasn't Been Won
Why Are Cancer Drugs So Expensive in the United States, and What Are the Solutions?
（這是文獻，不是報道，隻見到摘要）the average price of cancer drugs for about a year of therapy increased from $5000 to $10,000 before 2000 to more than $100,000 by 2012, while the average household income has decreased by about 8% in the past decade. Further, although 85% of cancer basic research is funded through taxpayers' money, Americans with cancer pay 50% to 100% more for the same patented drug than patients in other countries
（馬約診所相關文集）
2015.04.03
Why Are Cancer Drugs So Expensive in the U.S.?
2015.03.16
Oncologists reveal reasons for high cost of cancer drugs in U.S.
2015.03.28
5 Freakishly Expensive Cancer Drugs
No. 5: Xofigo, $12,657 monthly cost per patient（晚期前列腺癌）
No. 4: Cyramza, $13,256 monthly cost per patient（非小細胞肺癌、胃癌）
No. 3: Zykadia, $13,672 monthly cost per patient（ALK-positive NSCLC型肺癌）
No. 2: Lenvima, $13,945 monthly cost per patient（甲狀腺癌）
No. 1: Blincyto, $64,260 monthly cost per patient（急性淋巴性白血病）
正在研製中的藥和療法，還沒批，怎麽辦？
美國目前流行“死也要試”的運動，就是說命一條，沒救了，豁出去了，不要廠家負責，吃了治了再說。這運動，以州立法通過允許為主，叫“Right to Try”。
“Right to Try” Experimental Prescription Drugs State Laws and Legislation for 2014 & 2015
別忘了把紀錄片看完。
不過，我覺得，再過50年，癌症就會變得像感冒似的。不是希望，而是必然的結局。
中國呢？上麵提到，有幾種癌症在中國很猖狂，總的是，慘。
2014.12.16
最新數據：中國癌症5年生存率30.9%
2015.02.04
中國癌症現狀調查：死亡人數占全球四分之一
2015.04.07
中國腫瘤癌情凶猛！
發病率與世界水平接近 但死亡率高於世界水平。中國為何遭遇“癌情”洶湧？
腫瘤防治專家認為，癌症死亡率居高不下，一個重要原因在於我國癌症發現較多處於中晚期。中國工程院院士、中國抗癌協會副理事長程書鈞說，美國近些年來癌症的發病率有所下降，其5年生存率大約在60%至70%，而我國腫瘤患者5年生存率大約在30%左右。
中國抗癌協會科普宣傳部部長、北京宣武醫院胸外科主任支修益非常注重肺癌的健康知識宣傳。他形象地比喻肺癌為被煙氣、大氣、油氣、生氣等“氣”出來的病。
2014.11.20
中國癌症研究有引領潛力
對中國資料搜尋沒什麽法子，癌症研究的消息難找，此文三言兩句，沒內容。
2015.04.16
2015年中國生物免疫治療公司排行榜分析
2015年國內生物研究公司進入免疫細胞治療技術的排行榜如下：
NO.1：中源協和
NO.2中珠控股證券部
NO.3海欣股份
NO.4康恩貝
NO.5開能環保
NO.6香雪製藥證券部
NO.7姚記撲克證券部
NO.8銀豐生物
NO.9冠昊生物
NO.10雙鷺藥業
最後舉個（美國媒體介紹的）中國了例子，一海歸，奮鬥了15年，出名堂了。
中國，缺的，需要的，就是這個。
2015.04.02
華爾街日報：A New Cancer Drug, Made in China
After 14 years, Shenzhen biotech’s medicine is one of the few locally developed from start to finish
HONG KONG—Xian-Ping Lu left his job as director of research at drug maker Galderma R&D in Princeton, N.J., to co-found a biotech company to develop new medicines in his native China.
It took more than 14 years but the bet could be paying off. In February, Shenzhen Chipscreen Biosciences’ first therapy, a medication for a rare type of lymph-node cancer, hit the market in China.
Xian-Ping Lu left his research job at a drug maker in the U.S. to co-found a biotech company in his native China
The willingness of veterans like Dr. Lu and others to leave multinational drug companies for Chinese startups reflects a growing optimism in the industry here. The goal, encouraged by the government, is to move the Chinese drug industry beyond generic medicines and drugs based on ones developed in the West.
Chipscreen’s drug, called chidamide, or Epidaza, was developed from start to finish in China. The medicine is the first of its kind approved for sale in China, and just the fourth in a new class globally. Dr. Lu estimates the research cost of chidamide was about $70 million, or about one-tenth what it would have cost to develop in the U.S.
“They are a good example of the potential for innovation in China,” said Angus Cole, director at Monitor Deloitte and pharmaceuticals and biotechnology lead in China.
China’s spending on pharmaceuticals is expected to top $107 billion in 2015, up from $26 billion in 2007, according to Deloitte China. It will become the world’s second-largest drug market, after the U.S., by 2020, according to an analysis published last year in the Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice.
China has on-the-ground infrastructure labs, a critical mass of leading scientists and interested investors, according to Franck Le Deu, head of consultancy McKinsey & Co.’s pharmaceuticals and medical-products practice in China. “There’re all the elements for the recipe for potential in China,” he said.
But there are obstacles to an industry where companies want big payoffs for a decade or more of work and tremendous costs it takes to develop a drug.
While the protection of intellectual property has improved, China’s cumbersome rules for drug approval and a government effort to cut health-care costs, particularly spending on drugs, could hurt the Chinese drug companies’ efforts, said Mr. Cole of Deloitte.
“Will you start to see success? Of course you will,” said Mr. Cole. However, “I’ve yet to see convincing or compelling evidence that it’s imminent.”
To date, many of the Chinese companies that are flourishing in the life sciences are contract research organizations that help carry out clinical trials, as well as providers of related services.
Some companies, like Shanghai-based Hua Medicine, are buying the rights to develop new compounds in China from multinational drug companies, what some experts consider more akin to an intermediate step to innovation.
Late last year, Hua Medicine completed an early-stage human clinical trial of a diabetes drug in China and in March filed an application to the Food and Drug Administration to develop it in the U.S. as well. The company has raised $45 million in venture funding to date.
Li Chen, who left an 18-year career at Roche Holding AG as head of research and development in China to help start Hua Medicine, said the company’s goal is to “create a game-changer of drug discovery.”
At Chipscreen Biosciences, Dr. Lu and his co-founders set up the company in 2001 in Shenzhen, a city that was quickly growing into a technology and research hub, just over the border from Hong Kong. They created a lab of 10 scientists to use a new analytic technique known as “chemical genomics” to examine the relationships between molecular structures of the existing and failed drugs, how they act on different targets in the body and what genes were being activated or repressed. Now they have more than 60 scientists.
By better predicting how chemicals would act on the body before entering human testing, they hoped they would be more likely get a drug to market.
“How can a small company compete with a multinational?” said Dr. Lu. “The only thing we can compete with is the scientific brain.”
The biggest challenges for the company have been financing and the Chinese regulatory system, said Dr. Lu. The company has raised a total of 300 million yuan ($48 million) over five rounds of venture funding, said Dr. Lu. Chipscreen also receives grant money from the Chinese government.
The company filed its application for approval of chidamide to the Chinese Food and Drug Administration, or CFDA, in early 2013. It had to wait nearly two years for approval, receiving the OK only in December.
Chidamide now is on the market in China for 26,500 yuan ($4,275) a month, a price far lower than patients in the U.S. pay for some of the newest cancer medicines but much more than the typical Chinese patient pays for drugs. Dr. Lu said the price reflects a balance between affordability for patients and return for shareholders. Some investors wanted to price the drug higher.
PBS是看到人家在放The Truth about Cancer就趕緊出來放一係列所謂正能量的癌症係列大力給大眾洗腦。
癌症現狀是：主流要維持謊言會越來越難。無能了這麽多年，該是正視慘敗的事實。
美國3億2千萬人口，中國大約14億，相差4.5倍。
2014-15年，美國癌症新增加 超過150萬，其中近58萬死亡。
假設人口都一樣的話，中國就是現在每年出現600萬癌症新病人， 才僅僅和美國持平而已。
而中國的數字說：每年300萬病例，220萬死亡。死亡比例大約趕上了美國,依然比美國低。而新增加病例，則很少。
隻能是大家沒有定期診斷的意識，都是有了自我症狀後才就醫。這也能解釋：死亡占診斷病例的比率很高的現實。
偶爾有幾個痊愈的例子，統計上影響很小，屬於可以忽略的尾數。
對沒有保險的人士，浪費辛苦錢花不來！ 能不能多活幾年，碰運氣。
基本上就是個錢斷命絕的過程。