有聲讀物：《孫子兵法 7》The Art of War Chapter 12 and 13
XII. THE ATTACK BY FIRE
1. Sun Tzu said: There are five ways of attacking with fire. The first is to burn soldiers in their camp; the second is to burn stores; the third is to burn baggage trains; the fourth is to burn arsenals and magazines; the fifth is to hurl dropping fire amongst the enemy.
2. In order to carry out an attack, we must have means available. The material for raising fire should always be kept in readiness.
3. There is a proper season for making attacks with fire, and special days for starting a conflagration.
4. The proper season is when the weather is very dry; the special days are those when the moon is in the constellations of the Sieve, the Wall, the Wing or the Cross-bar; for these four are all days of rising wind.
5. In attacking with fire, one should be prepared to meet five possible developments:
6. (1) When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp, respond at once with an attack from without.
7. (2) If there is an outbreak of fire, but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet, bide your time and do not attack.
8. (3) When the force of the flames has reached its height, follow it up with an attack, if that is practicable; if not, stay where you are.
9. (4) If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without, do not wait for it to break out within, but deliver your attack at a favorable moment.
10. (5) When you start a fire, be to windward of it. Do not attack from the leeward.
11. A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long, but a night breeze soon falls.
12. In every army, the five developments connected with fire must be known, the movements of the stars calculated, and a watch kept for the proper days.
13. Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence; those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength.
14. By means of water, an enemy may be intercepted, but not robbed of all his belongings.
15. Unhappy is the fate of one who tries to win his battles and succeed in his attacks without cultivating the spirit of enterprise; for the result is waste of time and general stagnation.
16. Hence the saying: The enlightened ruler lays his plans well ahead; the good general cultivates his resources.
17. Move not unless you see an advantage; use not your troops unless there is something to be gained; fight not unless the position is critical.
18. No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen; no general should fight a battle simply out of pique.
19. If it is to your advantage, make a forward move; if not, stay where you are.
20. Anger may in time change to gladness; vexation may be succeeded by content.
21. But a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never come again into being; nor can the dead ever be brought back to life.
22. Hence the enlightened ruler is heedful, and the good general full of caution. This is the way to keep a country at peace and an army intact.
XIII. THE USE OF SPIES
1. Sun Tzu said: Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State. The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand ounces of silver. There will be commotion at home and abroad, and men will drop down exhausted on the highways. As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded in their labor.
2. Hostile armies may face each other for years, striving for the victory which is decided in a single day. This being so, to remain in ignorance of the enemy's condition simply because one grudges the outlay of a hundred ounces of silver in honors and emoluments, is the height of inhumanity.
3. One who acts thus is no leader of men, no present help to his sovereign, no master of victory.
4. Thus, what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strike and conquer, and achieve things beyond the reach of ordinary men, is foreknowledge.
5. Now this foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits; it cannot be obtained inductively from experience, nor by any deductive calculation.
6. Knowledge of the enemy's dispositions can only be obtained from other men.
7. Hence the use of spies, of whom there are five classes: (1) Local spies; (2) inward spies; (3) converted spies; (4) doomed spies; (5) surviving spies.
8. When these five kinds of spy are all at work, none can discover the secret system. This is called "divine manipulation of the threads." It is the sovereign's most precious faculty.
9. Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district.
10. Having inward spies, making use of officials of the enemy.
11. Having converted spies, getting hold of the enemy's spies and using them for our own purposes.
12. Having doomed spies, doing certain things openly for purposes of deception, and allowing our spies to know of them and report them to the enemy.
13. Surviving spies, finally, are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp.
14. Hence it is that which none in the whole army are more intimate relations to be maintained than with spies. None should be more liberally rewarded. In no other business should greater secrecy be preserved.
15. Spies cannot be usefully employed without a certain intuitive sagacity.
16. They cannot be properly managed without benevolence and straightforwardness.
17. Without subtle ingenuity of mind, one cannot make certain of the truth of their reports.
18. Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business.
19. If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before the time is ripe, he must be put to death together with the man to whom the secret was told.
20. Whether the object be to crush an army, to storm a city, or to assassinate an individual, it is always necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants, the aides-de-camp, and door-keepers and sentries of the general in command. Our spies must be commissioned to ascertain these.
21. The enemy's spies who have come to spy on us must be sought out, tempted with bribes, led away and comfortably housed. Thus they will become converted spies and available for our service.
22. It is through the information brought by the converted spy that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies.
23. It is owing to his information, again, that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy.
24. Lastly, it is by his information that the surviving spy can be used on appointed occasions.
25. The end and aim of spying in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy; and this knowledge can only be derived, in the first instance, from the converted spy. Hence it is essential that the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality.
26. Of old, the rise of the Yin dynasty was due to I Chih who had served under the Hsia. Likewise, the rise of the Chou dynasty was due to Lu Ya who had served under the Yin.
27. Hence it is only the enlightened ruler and the wise general who will use the highest intelligence of the army for purposes of spying and thereby they achieve great results. Spies are a most important element in water, because on them depends an army's ability to move.
[Tu Mu closes with a note of warning: "Just as water, which carries a boat from bank to bank, may also be the means of sinking it, so reliance on spies, while production of great results, is oft-times the cause of utter destruction."]
Spies are a most important element in water, because on them depends an army's ability to move.
[Chia Lin says that an army without spies is like a man with ears or eyes.]
[1] "Aids to Scouting," p. 2.
[2] "Marshal Turenne," p. 311.
十二 火攻篇
孫子曰：
凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火積，三曰火輜，四曰火庫，五曰火隊。
行火必有因，因必素具。發火有時，起火有日。時者，天之燥也。日者，月在箕、壁、翼、軫也。凡此四宿者，風起之日也。凡火攻，必因五火之變而應之：火發於內，則早應之於外；火發而其兵靜者，待而勿攻，極其火力，可從而從之，不可從則上。火可發於外，無待於內，以時發之，火發上風，無攻下風，晝風久，夜風止。凡軍必知五火之變，以數守之。
故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者強。水可以絕，不可以奪。
夫戰勝攻取而不惰其功者凶，命曰“費留”。故曰：明主慮之，良將惰之，非利不動，非得不用，非危不戰。主不可以怒而興師，將不可以慍而攻戰。合於利而動，不合於利而上。怒可以複喜，慍可以複說，亡國不可以複存，死者不可以複生。故明主慎之，良將警之。此安國全軍之道也。
十二、火攻篇譯文
【原文】 孫子曰：凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火積，三曰火輜，四曰火庫，五曰火隊。行火必有因，煙火必素具，發火有時，起火有日。時者，天之燥也；日者，月在箕、壁、翼、軫也。凡此四宿者，起風之日也。
【譯文】 孫子說：火攻有五種，一是焚敵營柵人馬，二是焚敵“委積”，三是焚敵輜重，四是焚敵武庫，五是焚敵交通要道設施。實施火攻需具備一定條件，點火器材必須平日準備好。發動火攻要依據一定天時，具體點火要有恰當日子。所謂天時，指氣候幹燥的時期；所謂恰當的日子，就是月亮運行到箕、壁、翼、軫四星所在位置的日子。大凡月亮運行到這四個星宿的日子，都是風起的日子。
【原文】 凡火攻，必因五火之變而應之。火發於內，則早應之於外。火發兵靜者，待而勿攻；極其火力，可從而從之，不可從而止。火可發於外，無待於內，以時發之。火發上風，無攻下風。晝風久，夜風止。凡軍必知有五火之變，以數守之。
【譯文】 大凡火攻，一定根據五種火攻所引起的情況變化采取相應的策應措施。從敵方內部放火，則早派兵在外策應。火已燒起敵兵仍鎮靜的，要等待觀察，不要急於進攻；待到火勢最旺時，可進攻就進攻，不可進攻就停止。火也可從外施放，不必等待內應，按準確的時機發火就行。火施放在上風，不要從下風進攻。白天發火以兵從攻，晚上發火不要從攻。大凡領導作戰一定要熟悉五種火攻所引起的情況變化，並根據火攻應循遺的自然規律緊緊把握住火攻的時機。
【原文】 故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者強。水可以絕，不可以奪。
【譯文】 用火來輔助進攻者高明，以水來輔助進攻者強大。水可以阻隔敵人，但不如火攻那樣直接剝奪敵軍實力。
【原文】 夫戰勝攻取而不修其功者凶，命曰費留。故曰：明主慮之，良將修之。非利不動，非得不用，非危不戰。主不可以怒而興師，將不可以慍而致戰。合於利而動，不合於利而止。怒可以複喜，慍可以複悅，亡國不可以複存，死者不可以複生。故明君慎之，良將警之，此安國全軍之道也。
【譯文】 仗打勝了，城攻取了，但不能因之建立功業、鞏固政權，那是危險的，這叫白費力氣。因此說，英明的君主應該很好考慮這個問題，賢良的將帥應該認真研究這個問題。不是於國有利就不要采取軍事行動，沒有必勝的把握就不要用兵，不是處於危險境地不要交戰。君主不可因為一時憤怒而發動戰爭，將領也不能因為一時惱火而命令作戰。合於國家長遠利益就行動，不合符國家長遠利益就停止。憤怒可以轉化為高興，惱火可以轉化為喜悅，但滅亡了的國家卻不可再存在，死掉人也不可能再活過來。因而，明智的君主應慎重地對待這個問題，優良的將帥應該警惕這個問題，這是安定國家保全軍隊的根本原則啊！
本篇的要點在於修，即修功，鞏固勝果，把敵人的力量吸收到自己內部，人員，武器，物資等，來增強自己的力量。
孫子重利的原則在此篇得到完全體現。合於利則動，不合於利則止。隻有在合於利益的情況下，才可以采取行動。世俗之人則恰恰相反，以性格、情緒、恩怨......為行動的一時動因。結果逞一時之快，得來的隻是利益的損失，陷入更惱火、更後悔的境地。
不能簡單地把利看作錢、財富，它有更廣泛的含義。比如主動權、士氣、人心、信譽、威懾等。
開戰前，不應立即考慮如何打勝仗，而要考慮此仗的結果是否對己有利。如果是，才可以集中精力考慮如何取勝；如果否，應該堅決地避免戰鬥的發生。
孫子曰：
凡興師十萬，出征千裏，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金，內外騷動，怠於道路，不得操事者，七十萬家。相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也，非民之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。故明君賢將所以動而勝人，成功出於眾者，先知也。先知者，不可取於鬼神，不可象於事，不可驗於度，必取於人，知敵之情者也。
故用間有五：有因間，有內間，有反間，有死間，有生間。五間俱起，莫知其道，是謂神紀，人君之寶也。鄉間者，因其鄉人而用之；內間者，因其官人而用之；反間者，因其敵間而用之；死間者，為誑事於外，令吾聞知之而傳於敵間也；生間者，反報也。故三軍之事，莫親於間，賞莫厚於間，事莫密於間，非聖賢不能用間，非仁義不能使間，非微妙不能得間之實。微哉微哉！無所不用間也。間事未發而先聞者，間與所告者兼死。凡軍之所欲擊，城之所欲攻，人之所欲殺，必先知其守將、左右、謁者、門者、舍人之姓名，令吾間必索知之。敵間之來間我者，因而利之，導而舍之，故反間可得而用也；因是而知之，故鄉間、內間可得而使也；因是而知之，故死間為誑事，可使告敵；因是而知之，故生間可使如期。五間之事，主必知之，知之必在於反間，故反間不可不厚也。
昔殷之興也，伊摯在夏；周之興也，呂牙在殷。故明君賢將，能以上智為間者，必成大功。此兵之要，三軍之所恃而動也。
十三、用間篇譯文
【原文】 孫子曰：凡興師十萬，出征千裏，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金；內外騷動，怠於道路，不得操事者七十萬家。相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也，非人之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。故明君賢將，所以動而勝人，成功出於眾者，先知也。先知者，不可取於鬼神，不可象於事，不可驗於度，必取於人，知敵之情者也。
【譯文】 孫子說：大凡出兵十萬，出征千裏，百姓的耗費、公家的開支，每日耗資千金；國家內外動蕩，人們疲憊地奔波於道路，不能安心從事耕作的達七十萬家。相持數年來爭奪一朝的勝利，卻因吝嗇爵祿金銀，不願使用間諜，以至不知敵方情實的人，是不懂仁愛到了極點啊！這種人，不配為軍中統帥，不配為君主的輔臣，也不是勝利的把握者。英明的君主、賢能的將帥，之所以動輒就能戰勝敵人，成功高於一般的人，就在於他們事先了解敵情。要事先了解敵情，不可從鬼神取得，不可從往事中去類比，也不能用度數去應驗，一定隻能從人的口中得知，這種人，就是了解敵情的人。
【原文】 故用間有五：有因間，有內間，有反間，有死間，有生間。五間俱起，莫知其道，是謂神紀，人君之寶也。因間者，因其鄉人而用之。內間者，因其官人而用之。反間者，因其敵間而用之。死間者，為誑事於外，令吾間知之，而傳於敵間也。生間者，反報也。
【譯文】 使用間諜有五種：有因間、有內間、有反間、有死間、有生間。五種間諜一齊使用，沒有誰能知道其中奧秘，這便可稱為一條神妙的綱紀，是國君的法寶。所謂因間，就是利用敵國鄉人為間諜；所謂內間，就是利用敵國朝內官員做間諜；所謂反間，就是利用敵方派來的間諜，使之反過來為我效力；所謂死間，就是故意在外散布假情況，讓我方間諜明白並有意識傳給敵間；所謂生間，就是能親自回來報告敵情的間諜。
【原文】 故三軍之事，莫親於間，賞莫厚於間，事莫密於間。非聖智不能用間，非仁義不能使間，非微妙不能得間之實。微哉！微哉！無所不用間也。間事未發，而先聞者，間與所告者皆死。
【譯文】 軍中的親信，沒有比間諜更親密的了；軍中的獎賞，沒有比對間諜的獎賞更豐厚的了；軍中的機密事務，沒有比用間更為機密的了。不是英明睿智的人不能任用間諜；沒有仁義的德行不足以驅使間諜，沒有精微神妙的分析判斷能力不能得到真實的情報。微妙啊，微妙啊，無處不用間諜。用間所謀之事未行卻先被人知道，間諜以及他所告訴的人都要被處死。
【原文】 凡軍之所欲擊，城之所欲攻，人之所欲殺，必先知其守將、左右、謁者、門者、舍人之姓名，令吾間必索知之，必索敵人之間來間我者，因而利之，導而舍之，故反間可得而用也；因是而知之，故鄉間、內間可得而使也；因是而知之，故死間為誑事，可使告敵；因是而知之，故生間可使如期。五間之事，主必知之，知之必在於反間，故反間不可不厚也。
【譯文】 凡是要攻擊某敵軍，奪取某城邑，斬殺敵方某重要人員，一定要事先了解敵方主管將帥、左右親信、傳達報告的官員、守門的官吏、門客幕僚諸人的姓名，命令我方間諜一定查探清楚。一定要查出敵方派來的間諜，獲得後以重金收買，誘導他為我所用，這樣，反間就可以得到使用了。從反間了解到情況，就能從敵方找到恰當人選，鄉間、內間就可得到使用了。從反間那裏了解了情況，死間就可散布假情報，並可讓他告訴敵人；由於從反間了解了情況，避開了危險，生間就可如期回報。五種間諜的情況，主君必須掌握，掌握這些情況的關鍵在於反間。所以反間的待遇不能不特別優厚。
【原文】 昔殷之興也，伊摯在夏；周之興也，呂牙在殷。故惟明君賢將，能以上智為間者，必成大功。此兵之要，三軍之所恃而動也。
【譯文】 從前，殷代興起之際，伊摯在夏當間諜；周代興起之時，薑子牙在殷搜集情報。因此，明君賢將中，能夠以很有智謀的人做間諜，必定成就大功。這是軍事的要點，是軍隊行動的依靠。
本篇的要點在於：微。即沒有哪個地方不用到間諜，沒有哪個間諜不是微妙的。
《反不正當競爭法》《公司法》等法律明令禁止竊取其他公司的商業機密。必須通過很多合法的、巧妙的途徑獲取各種情報。競爭對手的雇員、前雇員，現任官員、前任官員，對手的客戶、合作夥伴，對手的公開資料、內部資料，甚至對手的垃圾，都是信息的來源，一定要善於發掘。用間，是一把雙刃劍。美國前總統尼可鬆因為竊聽競爭對手的競選籌劃，被暴光後，直接導致自己下台，導演了水門事件醜劇。群英會蔣幹中計，留下千古笑柄。日本人善於學習他國技術，可謂善間。中國也不會再上演同樣的熱烈歡迎國際友人參觀我廠的商業悲劇了。
微哉，非智者不能用間！
（此版為張家傑zhang@cogsci.ucsd.edu 根據語農編著的《孫子兵法》鍵入，李曉渝xiaoyu@Grumpy.SSC.GOV 一九九一年冬據郭化若著一九八四年版《孫子譯注》校；嚎據李零著一九九一年版《孫子兵法注譯》重校，一九九五年六月）
