美國看病常識(7)---常見血液檢查及參考值(中英對照)(下)

來源: 閩姑 2010-02-04 18:35:51 [] [博客] [舊帖] [給我悄悄話] 本文已被閱讀: 次 (13838 bytes)
本文內容已被 [ 閩姑 ] 在 2010-02-04 21:22:55 編輯過。如有問題,請報告版主或論壇管理刪除.
以下值來自我的醫院實驗室,僅供參考。 各醫院、各實驗室的值會有些差別,請參照自己的血液檢查報告的正常值。

4. Liver Function Tests(肝功能檢查):

Standard Liver Panel (標準肝功能檢查)

test

中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

Albumin (Alb)白蛋白

3.5--5.0 g/dL

35--50 g/L

Alanine transaminase (ALT) or (SGPT)穀丙轉氨酶/穀氨酸轉氨酶

9--60 U/L

9--60 U/L

Aspartate transaminase (AST) or(SGOT)天冬氨酸氨基轉移酶

10--40 U/L

10--40 U/L

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 堿性磷酸酶

30--120 U/L

30--120 U/L

Total bilirubin (TBIL)

總膽紅素

0.1--1.2 mg/dL

1.7--20.4 µmol/L

Direct bilirubin 直接膽紅素

0--0.3 mg/dL

0--5.1 µmol/L

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)

γ-穀氨酰轉肽酶

0--51 U/L

0--51 U/L



5. Protein Tests(蛋白質檢查)

test

中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

Human serum albumin 人血白蛋白

3.5--5.0 g/dL

35--50 g/L

Serum total protein血清總蛋白

6.5--8.5 g/dL

65--85 g/L



6. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)(綜合代謝檢查):

是一組有十四項的常規血液化學檢查。BMP(八項)+ Protein Tests(Human serum albumin,Serum total protein)+ Liver Function Tests(ALP,ALT,AST,Bilirubin)。目的是檢查肝腎功能、電解質和體液平衡。具體請看1. BMP, 4. Liver Function Tests 5. ProteinTests 表裏相關的值,這裏不再列表贅述。


7. Iron Tests(檢查血中的鐵):

是測定血中鐵的含量、血液運輸鐵的能力和鐵的儲存量。用於各型貧血的鑒別診斷(如:缺鐵性貧血、再生障礙性貧血、鐵粒幼紅細胞貧血和慢性溶血性貧血等)。需空腹12小時抽靜脈血檢查。

test

中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

Serum iron 血清鐵(血液內遊離的鐵離子)

Male: 65-177 μg/dL;
Female: 50-170 μg/dL

Male: 11.6-31.7 µmol/L; Female: 9.0-30.4 μmol/L

TIBC(Total iron-binding capacity)血清總鐵結合力/血清運鐵容量240--450 µg/dL43.0--80.6 µmol/L
UIBC(Unsaturated iron-binding capacity)未飽和鐵結合力The UIBC is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the TIBC.UIBC= TIBC- Serum iron
Transferrin saturation
(= Serum iron/ TIBC)
運鐵蛋白飽和度Male: 20-50%;
Female: 15-50%
Serum Ferritin血清鐵蛋白(血液內結合狀態的鐵,檢查體內鐵缺乏的最靈敏的指標)Males: 20--250 ng/mL; Females: 12--250 ng/mLMales: 20--250 µg/L;
Females: 12--250 µg/L


8. Lipid profile(Lipid panel)(血脂檢查) :

高血脂增加心血管疾病的風險。需空腹12小時抽靜脈血檢查。

test

中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

Total cholesterol總膽固醇 recommended <200 mg/dL;
moderate risk 200--239 mg/dL;
high risk >240 mg/dL.
<5.2 mmol/L;
5.2--6.2 mmol/L;
>6.24 mmol/L
High density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL-C)
(good cholesterol )
高密度脂蛋白膽固醇
好膽固醇
major risk factor <40 mg/dL;
negative risk factor >59 mg/dL
x 0.026=mmol/L
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C)
(bad cholesterol )
低密度脂蛋白膽固醇
壞膽固醇
recommended <129 mg/dL;
moderate risk 130--159 mg/dL;
high risk >159 mg/dL.
x 0.026=mmol/L
Triglycerides三酸甘油酯/甘油三酯recommended 30--149 mg/dL
(<160)
x 0.011=mmol/L

9.Thyroid function test(甲狀腺功能檢查):

test

中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units
Interpretation
TSH
(Thyroid-stimulating hormone)/Serum thyrotropin
甲狀腺刺激激素/促甲狀腺素0.4--6 mIU/L
0.3 to 3.0 mIU/L(as of 2003 )
0.4--6 mIU/L
<0.4() ---possible hyperthyroidism(甲亢) ;
>6() ---hypothyroidism(甲減).
Note: the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists has revised these guidelines as of early 2003, narrowing the range to .3 to 3.0.
T3 / Serum triiodothyronine血清三碘甲狀腺素80 to 220 ng/dL1.23--3.39 nmol/L<80()---hypothyroidism(甲減);
>220()---Pregnancy,hyperthyroidism(甲亢)
Total T4 / Serum thyroxine血清甲狀腺素4.5--12.5 µg/dL
58.5--162.5 nmol/L<4.5 can be indicative of an underfunctioning thyroid when TSH is also elevated.
>12.5(高)---hyperthyroidism(甲亢).
Low T4 with low TSH can sometimes indicate a pituitary problem.
Free T4 / Free Thyroxine 遊離甲狀腺0.7 to 2.0
ng/dL
9.0--25.8
pmol/L
<0.7 ---possible hypothyroidism(甲減)


10.Clotting factor(凝血因子):

test

中文

Reference range
in US Units

Clinical significance

Prothrombin time

凝血酶原時間

12–15 seconds

Prolonged by deficiency of factors I,II,V,VII, and X, fat malabsorption, severe liver disease, coumadin anticoagulant therapy.
INR
(international normalized ratio )
國際標準化比值 1.0
2--3 for therapy in atrial fibrilation,deep vein thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism;
2.5--3.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valves
INR used to standardize the prothrombin time and anticoagulation therapy.
Partial thromboplastin time (activated)活化部分凝血激酶時間

25--30 seconds

Prolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen,factors II,V,VIII, IX,X,XI, and XII,and in heparin therapy.
Thrombin time 凝血酶時間

10--15 seconds

Prolonged by heparin, fibrin degradation products, lupus anticoagulant.


11.Cardiac marker(心髒病指標) :

雖然仍有醫院、有醫生在做CPK-MB test,但這裏隻介紹一個目前被認為是檢測急性心肌梗塞(Acute Myocardial Infarction)最靈敏的檢測法---Troponin test (Troponin I onset: 4-6 hrs, peak: 12-24 hrs, return to normal: 4-7 days).

Troponin I Reference Range

Interpretation (判讀)

0.00--0.09

Normal

0.10--0.60

Possible indication of myocardial damage, unstale angina, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, cardiac surgery or invasive testing. Clinical correlation is required.

>0.60

May indicate significant myocardial injury. Clinical correlation is required.


12.Cancer marker(癌症指標):

test

中文

Reference range
in US Units

Clinical significance

AFP (Alpha fetoprotein) 甲胎蛋白<10 µg/LOften elevated in liver cancers (hepatocellular) and testicular cancers (non-seminomatous). Raised levels are also present during pregnancy or some gastrointestinal cancers.
CA 15-3CA 15-3<30 IU/LIncreased in metastatic breast. Raised levels are also present in other non-malignant conditions (eg. cirrhosis, benign diseases of ovaries & breast).
CA 19-19 CA 19-19 <37 IU/L Increased in pancreatic,hepatobiliary,gastric,and colorectal cancer,gallstones .Its level is best evaluated along with CEA marker test.
CA125 CA125 <35 IU/L Increased in colon, upper gastrointestinal(GI),ovarian, and other gynecologic cancers; during menstruation,pregnancy or individuals with ovarian cysts,pericarditis,hepatitis,cirrhosis of the liver or peritonitis.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)癌胚抗原 0-2.5 µg/L(nonsmoker);
0-5 µg/L(smoker)
CEA was first identified in colon cancer. Elevated CEA levels are found in a variety of cancers other than colonic, including pancreatic, gastric, lung, and breast. It is also detected in benign conditions including cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic lung disease, and pancreatitis.
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)前列腺特異性抗原 0-4 ng/ml PSA is prostate-specific, not cancer-specific. A variety of conditions can raise PSA levels: prostatitis (prostate inflammation), benign prostatic hypertrophy (prostate enlargement), and prostate cancer.


*本係列專為新移民而寫。都是網友發QQH到我的信箱裏常問的問題。因悄悄話的版麵有限,把答複的內容寫在自己的博客裏,並公開貼在健康養生壇裏。到目前為止已完成六篇。感謝網友、健康壇版主和親愛的網管大人的熱心支持(上半部分未完成時已被貼出),這一集分上下兩部分。這是最費時費力的一篇---要製表,要核對數據和單位。無高深的醫學知識,隻是把它們歸類整理出來,供參考之用。但請參照自己的檢驗報告裏的正常範圍,因為各實驗室的檢驗方法和儀器會有誤差,而且需要醫生結合你的情況來判讀你的檢驗結果。千萬不要隻看到自己的某一項指標偏高就心慌了---單方麵一個指標的偏高有時是沒有臨床意義的。請谘詢你的醫生,由醫生來下結論。

謝謝大家,特別是給我留QQH的網友的信任。下一篇的題目是:各種疼痛的英文表達(5th vital sign---pain)(也是一網友要求的。盡量一星期後完成。)*












所有跟帖: 

回複:謝謝,收常了。 --June-- 給 -June- 發送悄悄話 (0 bytes) () 02/04/2010 postreply 21:24:32

thank you. -西風秋葉- 給 西風秋葉 發送悄悄話 西風秋葉 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 02/07/2010 postreply 06:44:46

請您先登陸,再發跟帖!

發現Adblock插件

如要繼續瀏覽
請支持本站 請務必在本站關閉/移除任何Adblock

關閉Adblock後 請點擊

請參考如何關閉Adblock/Adblock plus

安裝Adblock plus用戶請點擊瀏覽器圖標
選擇“Disable on www.wenxuecity.com”

安裝Adblock用戶請點擊圖標
選擇“don't run on pages on this domain”