【語法補補課】 主謂一致 (ZT)

本帖於 2011-10-22 14:04:39 時間, 由普通用戶 非文學青年 編輯

I.單數主語:

1.當 every-, some-, any-, no- 等構成的不定代詞及 each, either, neither 作主語時,謂語動詞為單數。 Someone has told me about it.

Neither of us likes the film.

2.當 every 或 each 位於兩個由連接詞連接的單數主語前,謂語動詞用單數。(必記之要點!)

Each girl and boy has a nickname.

Every man and woman is welcome.

3.位於主謂之間的介詞短語不影響謂語動詞的數,謂語動詞須和主語一致。常見介詞短語有:in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc.

(這是一幾乎所有考試都不願放過的重點。)

The teacher along with his students is going to the party.

His parents as well as his elder sister have come to see him.

II.複數主語:

1.當主語由 and 或 both ... and 連接,通常采用複數謂語動詞。

● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.

2.如主語是both, few或主語前有both, few, several, many 等限定詞時,謂語動詞須用複數

● Several novels have been written by her.

● Both got the news at the same time.

3.下列名詞總是複數形式謂語動詞必須用複數

trousers, pants(褲子),jeans, glasses, scissors(剪刀),tweezers(鑷子),plier(鉗子),

scales (天平),compasses(圓規),etc.

● The trousers here are mine.

別忘了:如果以上名詞受a pair of” “the pair of”修飾時,謂語動詞用單數

The pair of pants is too dirty.

III.單、複數的靈活運用:

1.當主語由 neither... nor, either... or, not only ... but also 或 or 連接時,謂語動詞與nor, or, but also後麵的詞一致,在英語語法中,這被稱之為“就近原則”。

● Neither he nor I am going to the airport.

● Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.

2.當主語前麵有 none, all, some, any, most, half, majority等詞時,謂語動詞則根據主語的具體情況而采用相應的單、複數。

All of the money has been in the bank. (money 是不可數名詞)

All of us have been here.

3.“a number of”是複數,修飾可數名詞,謂語動詞為複數,“the number of”也修飾複數名詞但謂語動詞用單數。(黃金要點!!)

● A number of students have passed the exam.

The number of students in this class is 50.

IV. 用作單數的複數形式主語:

1.如主語是指:time, money, weight, volume, etc. 雖為複數形式,但謂語用單數形式。

Two years is a short time.

One hundred dollars is needed by me.

2.下列單詞如:physics,economics,mathematics,statistics,etc;measles,mumps,herpes,etc,news,ethics,politics,etc. 為複數形式,但謂語動詞用單數

Statistics is a dull subject.

Politics is important.

3.書、報、雜誌、電影的名稱作主語謂動用作單數

The New York Times is a good newspaper.

 

V.下列名詞在形式上保持不變,但謂語動詞的數取決於其意義

1.family,team,class,committee,group,audience,faculty,etc.

The family is big.(總體)

His family like to watch TV.(家庭所有成員)

2.species,series,etc.

The species is rare.

These species are common.

3.sheep,deer,etc.

The sheep are eating grass.

The sheep is big.

VI. Chinese, English, French, etc 指語言時,謂動是單數,如與 "the" 搭配,指人民時謂語動詞用複數。

English is used widely.

The English love peace.

VII. 注意下列外來語的單複數形:

單數

basis

crisis

criterion(標準)

phenomenon

radius(半徑)

alumnus(男校友)

datum(資料)

medium(媒體)

index(索引)

appendix(附錄)

alga(海藻)

vita(生命

複數

bases

crises

criteria

phenomena

radii

alumni

data

media

indices

appendices

algae

vitae

轉自:http://www.qiewo.com/html/20100227/32596.html

所有跟帖: 

貼出主謂一致,是因為最近寫的文章,對這方麵有一些困惑。補課之後,明白不少。 -beautifulwind- 給 beautifulwind 發送悄悄話 beautifulwind 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/21/2011 postreply 19:35:57

Good summary and very useful -rockcurrent- 給 rockcurrent 發送悄悄話 rockcurrent 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/21/2011 postreply 19:51:15

Wow, 很高興得到高手rock的支持! -beautifulwind- 給 beautifulwind 發送悄悄話 beautifulwind 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/21/2011 postreply 20:12:40

先占個位子,再補課。謝謝美風教授! -EnLearner- 給 EnLearner 發送悄悄話 EnLearner 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/21/2011 postreply 19:54:10

咳,把教授的稱呼改了才允許你補課! -beautifulwind- 給 beautifulwind 發送悄悄話 beautifulwind 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/21/2011 postreply 20:13:59

What 主謂一致 zhi yi wei zhu... to a pig, who is a pig? -走馬讀人- 給 走馬讀人 發送悄悄話 走馬讀人 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/21/2011 postreply 20:15:55

哈哈,走馬兄,你明天改名叫走火兄得啦。開玩笑,趕緊跑。。 -beautifulwind- 給 beautifulwind 發送悄悄話 beautifulwind 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/21/2011 postreply 20:17:44

火兄...火神祝融也,朱鎔基乃吾老鄉也 -走馬讀人- 給 走馬讀人 發送悄悄話 走馬讀人 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/22/2011 postreply 09:06:00

哈哈,仿佛又回到了課堂。學習了~~ 謝謝美風的分享! -~葉子~- 給 ~葉子~ 發送悄悄話 ~葉子~ 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/21/2011 postreply 22:37:47

謝謝葉子支持!你的高音太美妙了! -beautifulwind- 給 beautifulwind 發送悄悄話 beautifulwind 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/22/2011 postreply 06:02:49

謝謝美風!最喜歡早晨學語法,記得牢。周末好! -NewVoice- 給 NewVoice 發送悄悄話 NewVoice 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/22/2011 postreply 06:32:39

謝謝又牛又謙虛的新聲姐的支持!周末魚塊! -beautifulwind- 給 beautifulwind 發送悄悄話 beautifulwind 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/22/2011 postreply 06:54:53

謝謝美風! Like your grammer series -同學小薇- 給 同學小薇 發送悄悄話 同學小薇 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/22/2011 postreply 11:32:58

謝謝語法翻譯一向很solid的小薇支持!周末魚塊! -beautifulwind- 給 beautifulwind 發送悄悄話 beautifulwind 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/22/2011 postreply 11:43:47

學習了,謝分享。 -斯葭- 給 斯葭 發送悄悄話 斯葭 的博客首頁 (0 bytes) () 10/23/2011 postreply 11:01:43

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