COA= cost of attendance = tuition + books + room and board, every school would publish this number, google it.
EFC = expected family contribution = 5.64% * parent asset + (22% to 47%) * parent income + 50% * student income + 20% * student asset.
The parent asset and income has certain allowance exemptions, such as primary residence exception, retirement account not counted etc. EFC based on parent income is more complicated, the percentage changes for low to high income.
AID = (COA - EFC)
The AID could be grant (no need to pay back) + subsidized loan (no interest while in school) + direct loan (interest accrues during school) + work-study program (campus employment)