野外采蘑菇知識收集

除了幾本彩色圖書， 我最近也看一些北美同胞的采菇經驗貼：

 

 http://hx.cnd.org/?p=251079

 

 

By AI:

 

No, it's not too late at all—in fact, mid-October is often one of the best times of the year for foraging mushrooms in temperate woodlands of the Northern Hemisphere. The cooler temperatures and increased moisture from fall rains trigger many species to fruit abundantly, especially after summer's dry spell.

### Why October is Prime Time
- **Peak Species Availability**: Common edibles like chanterelles, hen of the woods (maitake), lion's mane, honey mushrooms, and blewits often hit their stride in September through October. Late-fall specialists, such as hedgehogs and yellowfoot chanterelles, may even persist into November or December in milder climates.
- **Regional Variations**: In the Pacific Northwest or Northeast U.S./Canada, expect a bounty right now if there's been recent rain. In the Southwest, some like desert shaggy mane appear through early autumn. European woodlands follow a similar pattern.
- **Weather Matters**: Success depends on local conditions—damp, overcast days boost flushes, while prolonged dry spells can delay them. Check recent rainfall in your area.

### Quick Foraging Tips
- **Safety First**: Only harvest what you can positively identify; many lookalikes are toxic. Use a field guide or app like iNaturalist, and consider joining a local mycology group for guided hunts.
- **Sustainable Practices**: Cut mushrooms at the base rather than pulling, and take only what you'll use. Avoid overharvesting rare species.
- **Where to Look**: Focus on deciduous woods with oaks, beeches, or conifers. Edge habitats (meadows meeting forest) are hotspots.

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• Oaks（橡樹，Quercus屬）：中文名為“橡樹”（xiàng shù）。
• Beeches（山毛櫸樹，Fagus屬）：中文名為“山毛櫸”（shān máo zhòu）。
• Conifers（針葉樹類，鬆科等）：中文名為“針葉樹”（zhēn yè shù）或“針葉樹類”。

Conifers： 包括但不限於：

 

• Pine（鬆樹，Pinus屬）：中文名為“鬆樹”（sōng shù）。
• Spruce（雲杉，Picea屬）：中文名為“雲杉”（yún shān）。
• Fir（冷杉，Abies屬）：中文名為“冷杉”（lěng shān）。
• Hemlock（鐵杉，Tsuga屬）：中文名為“鐵杉”（tiě shān）。
• Cedar（雪鬆，Cedrus屬）：中文名為“雪鬆”（xuě sōng）。
• Tamarack（落葉鬆，Larix laricina）：中文名為“落葉鬆”（luò yè sōng）。

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https://nature-mentor.com/how-to-identify-coniferous-trees/

 

### 什麽是針葉樹？（針葉樹與落葉樹的區別）

地球上所有的樹木都可以歸為兩大類：落葉樹和針葉樹。

大多數人通過針葉樹具有針狀葉（或鱗狀葉）這一特點來辨識它們，這些葉子會在整個冬天都留在樹上。正因如此，針葉樹也被稱為常綠樹。（盡管並非所有情況都如此，我們將在後麵的部分討論例外情況）

“針葉樹”這個名稱實際上來源於這些樹木會產生球果的事實，球果是它們傳播種子的工具。

 

All trees on planet earth can be lumped into two broad categories: deciduous trees and coniferous trees.

Most people discern coniferous trees by the fact that they have needles (or scales) that stay on the tree all winter long. For this reason, coniferous trees are also known as evergreen trees. (though this is not true in every case, and we’ll get to exceptions in a later section)

The name “coniferous” actually comes from the fact that these trees make cones, which are their delivery device for seeds.

 

 

### 落葉樹與針葉樹的主要區別

落葉樹（Deciduous trees）和針葉樹（Coniferous trees）是樹木的兩大主要分類，主要基於葉子的形態、季節變化和生長習性。以下是它們的對比總結：

方麵	落葉樹（Deciduous Trees）	針葉樹（Coniferous Trees）
葉子形態	闊葉（寬大、扁平，如楓葉、橡樹葉）	針狀或鱗狀葉（細長、針形，如鬆針、雲杉針）
季節變化	秋季落葉（冬季休眠，春季再生新葉）	大多數常綠（全年保持葉子，僅部分落葉鬆例外）
樹皮與木材	硬木（密度高、紋理美觀，常用於家具）	軟木（密度低、易加工，常用於紙漿、建築）
種子類型	通常通過果實或莢果傳播（如橡子、楓翅果）	通過錐果（鬆果）傳播，種子有翅膀或附著
生長習性	多見於溫帶，夏季茂盛，冬季光禿	多見於寒冷或幹燥地區，適應性強，四季常青
代表樹種	橡樹（Oak）、山毛櫸（Beech）、楓樹	鬆樹（Pine）、雲杉（Spruce）、冷杉（Fir）

**附加說明**：
- 並非所有落葉樹都是闊葉樹（如落葉鬆是針葉樹但落葉），但分類通常以此為主。
- 這些區別影響生態：落葉樹提供季節性庇蔭和養分循環，針葉樹則維持全年覆蓋和土壤穩定。
- 如果需要特定樹種的例子或更深入的生態細節，請提供更多信息！

 

區別Spruce VS Fir：

觸摸針葉的柔軟度， 還有CORN懸掛的方向：

Fir tree cones grow upwards off the branch, while spruce cones grow down from above. Like this: （ 左邊是Spruce， 右邊是Fir）認識樹， 對於找不同的蘑菇有幫助。 

 

 

Coniferous Tree Key: 6 Questions To Quickly Identify That Conifer!

The most important thing with coniferous tree identification is to keep it as simple as possible.

Start by learning the high-level differences between pine, spruce, fir, hemlock, larch, cedar & juniper.

This is simply a matter of asking a short series of sorting questions, which I’ve compiled into this easy-to-follow decision tree: