16 道諦 Path Crux

目錄 Catalog：16.0 序言 Preface；16.1 極喜地 Bliss Heartland；16.2 離垢地 Leave Filth Heartland；16.3 發光地 Glory Heartland；16.4 焰慧地 Flaming Gnosis Heartland；16.5 難勝地 Onerous Heartland；16.6 現前地 Manifestation Heartland；16.7 遠行地 Hike Heartland；16.8 不動地 Immovability Heartland；16.9 善慧地 Benevolent Gnosis Heartland；16.10 法雲地 Juristic Cloud Heartland

 

16.0 序言 Preface

道諦講通往涅槃的道路。塵世人成佛要經曆三大阿僧脂劫。脂是脂肪，是動物抗病害、耐寒、越冬的能量儲備，古人用其來指標成佛的福德資本。劫是劫跛、跛腳、顛簸義，古人亦作大時。

第一阿僧脂劫是從無始以來，到懂得四聖諦的道理後發菩提心，登上菩薩初地。菩薩是梵語，義為真人。

第二阿僧脂劫是從發菩提心登上菩薩初地至於第七地。這個階段的行人常常把自己看做補特伽羅。補特伽羅是梵語，義為習氣疙瘩，漢譯為竹馬（如圖16.0.1-13、36、37、38），歐洲人亦作獨角馬（如圖16.0.1-35）。

Path Crux talks about the path to salvation. For a mortal to become a Buddha, he or she must go through three A Monk Index Catastrophes.  Catastrophe means lame, and bumpy, ancients also considered it as Big Time.

The first “A Monk Index Catastrophe” is from beginningless time to when one understands the Four Victorious Cruxes, and arouses Bodhicitta, so aboard the first land of Bodhisattva. Bodhisattva is a Sanskrit word, meaning real human.

The second “A Monk Index Catastrophe” is from arousing Bodhi Heart, aboard the first land of bodhisattva to the seventh land. Migrators at this stage often think of themselves as a Pudgala. Pudgala is a Sanskrit word meaning a chunk of habits, translated in Chinese as Hobbyhorse (see Figs. 16.0-13, 36, 37, and 38),  also used by Europeans as unicorn (see Fig. 35).

第三阿僧脂劫是從七地菩薩發起金鋼喻定，出塵，登第八地成為摩訶薩，以至於第十地，盡未來際。金鋼喻定，亦作金鋼橋，金剛無間道；行者也可以通過閱讀 “到達方舟” 來實現這一功能。摩訶薩是梵語，義為大菩薩，大真人。

簡單地說，道諦即菩薩以此十地為依為持，修行十渡，斷十重障，證十真如，成就無上正等正覺（梵語是啊褥多羅三藐三菩提）。

The third “A Monk Index Catastrophe” is when the Bodhisattva on the seventh land arouses “Philosopher-Stone Metaphor Stillness”, ousting dusts completely, ascends to the eighth land, and becomes a Mahasattva, up to the tenth land, so on to the exhaustion of time. The “Philosopher-Stone Metaphor Stillness”, also known as the “Philosopher-Stone Bridge”, “Philosopher-Stone Non-Intermittent Path”, “The Big Flood”; readers also can do this by reading the “Arrival Ark".  Mahasattva is a Sanskrit word meaning great bodhisattva, great real human.

To put it simply, Path Crux means that the bodhisattva uses these ten lands as the basis for holding, practicing the ten Arks, breaking the ten hindrances, testifying the ten true suchness, and achieving Non-Upper Correct-Equality Correct-Perception, which in Sanskrit is Anuttara Samyak Sambodhi.

 

16.1 極喜地 Bliss Heartland

《成唯識論》中，唐三藏說：具證二空（2），初獲聖性（3），發菩提心，能益自他，生大喜，故名極喜地（1）。

注16.1-1，什麽是地？大乘教以此類十地總攝有為無為（參見11.6.4節《離係果》）功德以為自性，與所修行為勝依持，令得生長，故名為地。

In "Treatise of Establishing Sense-Only", Tang Tripitaka said: “Having proved the two emptiness-es (2), initially attained the holy nature (3), aroused bodhicitta, can benefit oneself and others, so give rise to great joy, hence the Bliss Heartland (1).

Annotation 16.1-1, What are the ten lands? Mahayana teachings use these ten lands to generally assimilate have-as law and none-as law (see section 11.6.4 Off-is Fruit) fortune virtues as self nature, to be victorious dependence and base for study and cultivation, to have them to be born and grow, hence name lands.

注16.1-2，二空是什麽意思？人無我即人空，法無我則法空，合稱我法二空。我謂主宰，梵語薩迦耶見，又作轉移身見（參見11.4.4.1.4節）。法謂軌持（參見11.1節）。

注16.1-3，什麽是聖性？即聖人的性質，即佛性，即上帝的性質，即15.1節講的正等明，畢竟空，是眾生平等的原因。

Annotation 16.1-2, what the two emptiness? The two emptiness is human emptiness and law emptiness. Human being has no I, then human being is empty; law has no I, then law is empty. I mean ego, executive, lord, also known as Seth view, translocation body view (see section 11.4.4.1.4). Law means track, rail (see section 11.1).

Annotation 16.1-3, what is the holy nature? That is, the nature of a sage, God, Buddha, is reason of all sentients’ equality, is nirvana talked in section 15.1, also known as Correct Equality Light, Empty After All.

16.1.1 施渡 Donation Ark

初地菩薩修習施渡。渡，梵語波羅蜜多，歐洲人稱作方舟，有六渡和十渡之說。六渡為施渡、戒渡、忍渡、精進渡（或勤渡）、禪渡、慧渡（即般若）。十渡是將慧渡展開為五：慧渡、方便渡、願渡、力渡、智渡。這十渡是有順序的，前者能引發後者。

修習十渡從布施開始，因為無意識（神識）隻與舍受相應。舍受是平等性，即聖性。施有三種：財施、無畏施、法施。無畏施是以愛語鼓勵他人，勇敢地麵對困難和窘境。法施是對他人宣說生命之樹、四聖諦等生活的道理，人生的藝術。

The first land bodhisattva studies and practices Donation Ark. Ark, Paramita in Sanskrit, is called Ark by Europeans, Chinese calls it Ferry. There are six Arks or ten Arks in total. The six Arks are Donation Ark, Precept Ark, Countenance Ark, Diligently Advance Ark, Meditation Ark, and Gnosis Ark. The ten Arks are unfolding Gnosis Ark into five:  Gnosis Ark, Convenience Ark, Will Ark, Strength Ark, Intelligence Ark. These ten Arks are in sequence, and the former can lead to, trigger to the latter.

The practice of Donation Ark begins with donation because the unconscious (God-sense) only corresponds to Renunciative Acceptance. Renunciative Acceptance is nature of equality, that is, holy nature. There are three types of donations: asset donation, fearlessness donation, and law donation. Fearlessness donation means encouraging others with loving words to face difficulties and adversities bravely. Law donation is to preach Tree of Life and the Four Victorious Cruxes, etc. principles and arts of life.

16.1.2 斷異生性障 Severance of Mutant Nature Hindrance

初地菩薩斬斷了異生性障。異生性是凡夫性的異名，依其種子煩惱和所知而建立。又煩惱和所知妨礙異生出離其本性，所以亦被稱作煩惱障和所知障。

煩惱障即是思煩惱，亦作思惑，如貪、嗔、癡、慢、疑、身見、邊見、邪見、見取、戒取等。所知障即是見煩惱，亦作見惑，如身見、邊見、邪見、見取、戒取、貪、嗔、癡、慢、疑等。煩惱障和所知障相互依存，成對兒存在，煩惱由所知而被認知，所知由煩惱而有感，所以此二者具有相同的名和數。煩惱障即是愚癡，能障清淨，障涅槃。所知障似智非智，能障智，障覺悟，所以也被稱作智障。

First land Bodhisattva breaks off the hindrances of mutant nature. Mutant nature is a synonym for mortal nature, is established by its seeds of annoyances and knows. Annoyances and knows hinder mortals from departing from their own natures, so the two are also called the annoyance hindrance and know hindrance.

Annoyance hindrances are mean annoyances, also known as mean muddles, such as greed, irritation, ignorance, arrogance, suspicion, Seth view, edge view, heresy, view fetch, precept fetch, and so on. Know hindrances are view annoyances, also known as view muddles, such as Seth view, edge view, heresy, view fetch, precept fetch, greed, irritation, ignorance, arrogance, suspicion, etc. Annoyance and know hindrances are interdependent and pairs; Annoyance is recognized by know and know is felt by annoyance, so the two have the same numbers and names. Annoyance hindrances are foolishness, ignorance, which can hinder quietness and nirvana. The know hindrance is like intelligence but not intelligence, and can obstruct intelligence and enlightenment, so it is also called the intelligence hindrance.

初地菩薩體證了人空和法空，見道破除了無明黑暗。無明黑暗即根本煩惱中的癡（參見11.4.4.1.4節），即愚蠢無知，即當知未知。菩薩懂得身見、邊見、和邪見後，這些所知障就被消滅了。所知障和煩惱障相互依存，當112位根本見惑（參見集諦的13.3.2節）被消滅後，煩惱障亦被消滅或削弱。由此說一地菩薩斷異生性障，獲得了真人或聖人的性質。

道諦十地中的十重煩惱障就是人的十種愚癡。雖然菩薩見道，亦斷諸惡趣業果等，而今且說能起煩惱的是根本煩惱，故此說初地菩薩斷了如下二愚及彼粗重。（一）執著我法愚，即此中異生性障。（二）惡趣雜染愚，即如地獄趣、畜生趣、惡鬼趣等惡趣業果。

First land Bodhisattva proved human empty and law empty in person. Seeing path breaks the darkness of ignorance. The darkness of ignorance is the ignorance (aka. non-light) in fundamental annoyances (see section 11.4.4.1.4), means fool, unknowing which should be known. When a bodhisattva understands Seth views, edge views, and heresies, these Know Hindrances are eliminated. Know Hindrances and Annoyance Hindrances are interdependent, and when the 112 positions fundamental View Muddles (i.e., Know Hindrances; see section 13.3.2) are annihilated, the Annoyance Hindrances are also annihilated or weakened. Thus, it is said that the first land Bodhisattvas break off hindrances of mutant nature and gain the real human nature or holy nature.

The ten folds of Annoyance Hindrances in the Path Crux are the ten types of human’s ignorance, fools, idiocies. Although after Bodhisattvas see path, they also severed those ferocious interests, now we say that what cause annoyances are the fundamental annoyances, therefore we say, the first land Bodhisattva has cut off the following two kinds of fools and their Rough and Heavy. (1) Fool of I obsession, that is the said Mutant Nature Hindrances.  (2) Fool of ferocious interests miscellaneously dyed, such as hell interest, livestock interest, and hungry ghost interest, etc. ferocious interests, and karmic fruits.

讀者當知，所有的癡或無明總說為愚。見道後，愚癡被斬了頭，但其根或種子猶在。無堪任性，非現行種，卻仍然引起身心沉重，故名其為粗重。例如，入二禪（參見12.2節）斷了苦根，所斷苦根不現行，非現種而名粗重。

Readers should know that all idiocies, ignorance, non-light are generally called fool. After seeing path, idiot fool’s head is cut off, but its roots or seeds are still there. Those are not qualified to perform their duties, seeds that are not presently in performances, but those still cause the heart and body rough heavy, therefore names of Rough and Heavy. For example, entering the second meditation (see section 12.2), bitter roots are cutting off; the broken bitter roots are not presently in performance, not present seeds, hence Rough Heavy.

16.1.3 遍行真如 Omnipresent True Suchness

初地菩薩證得遍行真如。玄奘說，“遍行真如為我法二空所顯，無有一法而不在”。

什麽是遍行真如？佛是覺義，佛學研究現時的感知。讀者可從肉體和外部世界都是心的投射來理解，所以心是一切的依托，法與非法與心同在，過去現在與未來亦複如是。既然這樣，玄奘法師為什麽還要說“我法二空所顯”？因為世間人看到的世界是經過前意識渲染了質和量的世界，並非真如。

First land Bodhisattva testifies and gains Omnipresent True Suchness. Tang Tripitaka says, “Omnipresent True Suchness manifests when I and Law are empty. No one law does not exist”.

What is the Omnipresent True Suchness? Buddha means perception, and Buddhism studies the contemporary mind (heart). Readers can understand from the fact that the body and the external world are both projections of the heart, so the heart is the support of everything. Laws and illegalities coexist with the heart, and so are the past, present and future. Thus, why does Tang Tripitaka still say, "Omnipresent True Suchness manifests when I and Law are empty "? Because the world that mundane people see is a world in which quality and quantity are rendered by the preconscious, and it is not the true suchness.

 

16.2 離垢地 Leaving-Filth Heartland

離垢義為離開穢土（如圖16.2-34），去往中土（如圖33）。土是身土，義為身體的感覺。唐三藏說，“俱淨桫欏，遠離能起微細毀犯煩惱垢，故名離垢地”。

桫欏一詞源於意大利語桫魯·法索欏，是一種棕櫚樹（如圖35、37），亦作斷頭樹。據說，如果這種棕櫚樹的頭被砍掉了，就死了，它不能從根部或枝幹上發出新枝芽。佛教用此樹比喻若人違犯了根本十戒（參見第13.1節），就斷送了慧命，得不到解脫了。所以 “俱淨桫欏” 義為具有了全部戒法。唐三藏是從離垢的原因來定義離垢地的；而且說明了離垢的原因是具足淨戒。

Leaving Filth means leaving the filthy soil (see Fig. 16.2-34 Maculate Soil), going to the middle earth (see fig. 33, Immaculate Soil). Soil means bodily soil, means flesh body feelings. Tang Tripitaka said, “fully possessing immaculate Sal Fasullo, leaving afar from delicate annoyances of transgressions, hence the Leaving Filth Land is named”.

Sal Fasullo comes from the Italian, is a kind of palm tree (Figures 35 and 37), also called Guillotine Tree. It is said that if the head of this palm tree is cut off, it will die, it can not develop new shoots from the roots or trunk. Buddhism uses this tree as a metaphor that if a person violates the Ten Fundamental Precepts (cf. section 13.1), his or her gnostic life is ruined, can not achieve liberation for his whole life. Therefore, “fully possessing immaculate Sal Fasullo” means possessing all the precepts. Tang Tripitaka defined the Leaving Filth Heartland based on the cause of Leaving Filth is “fully possessing the whole set of immaculate precepts”.

16.2.1 戒渡 Precept Ark

菩薩二地是修習俱足淨戒的圓滿位。俱足淨戒就是戒渡，又名人神契約，約櫃（如圖37、40、41、42），俗稱天條，可分為三部分，如圖35和37，桫欏樹的三枝所示：男戒，女戒，和18神佛不共法（參見15.1.3節）。男人的俱足淨戒名為三千威儀八萬四千細行。其計算方法如下：

1. 男戒，亦作黃金甲（如圖28是身著黃金甲的特拉洛克），共有250條，乘以4威儀，結果是1000。威儀，亦作威儀路，是心神之所履，其本義是整齊細密格式。如插圖39中埃及夏娃身穿的黃金鎧甲。四威儀：立如鬆、坐如鍾、臥如弓、走路一陣風。

The second land of Bodhisattva is the perfect fulfilment position for fully possessing the whole set of immaculate precepts. The complete precepts are Precept Ark, also known as the contract between humans and God, Covenant Ark (see Figures 37, 40, 41, and 42), commonly known as the Heavenly Clauses, which can be divided into three parts, as shown in Figures 35 and 37, the three branches of the palm tree: man’s precepts, woman’s precepts, and the 18 God Buddha Uncommon Laws (cf. section 15.1.3). A man's “Fully Possessing Immaculate Precepts” are called “3,000 Majesties 84,000 Enchantments”. The calculation method is as follows:

1. Man’s precepts, also known as golden armor (fig. 28 shows Tlaloc wearing golden armor), have 250 clauses in total, multiplied by 4 Majesties, the result is 1,000. Majesty, also known as the Majesty Road, is “heart God” travelling on; its original meaning is motif, is the neat pattern. Such as the golden armor worn by Eve in Egypt in Illustration 39. The sayings of four majesties are such as, standing like a pine tree, sitting like a bell, lying down like a bow, and walking like a breeze.

2. 上麵的結果在經曆3世，過去、現在、和未來，就得出了3000威儀。怎麽把過去和未來都算在了一起？無意識唯是現量，沒有順序性或時間性；或說無意識（即神識）超時空。

3. 再經曆身口七枝，結果是21000。這七枝是根本十戒（參見第13.1節）中的前七條，殺、盜、淫、妄語、惡口、綺語、兩舌，不包括後麵的三條 “意戒” ，因為無意識（神識）隻處理現量，前意識唯是非量。

2.  The above results after experiencing 3 generations, past, present, and future, the results are 3,000 Majesties. How does it include the past and the future together? Unconsciousness (God-sense) only processes present quantity, without sequence or time nature; in other words, Unconsciousness transcends time and space.

3. After experiencing the seven branches of body and mouth, the result is 21,000. These seven branches are the first seven of the ten fundamental precepts (see Section 13.1), including killing, stealing, sexual conduction, delusional speech, flowery speech, ferocious speech, and two-tongue. It does not include the three “intentional precepts”, because unconsciousness (i.e., God-sense) only processes present quantities (cf. section 11.4.5), and preconsciousness is only non-quantities.

4. 再經曆貪、嗔、癡、和等分，就有了84000細行。什麽是等分？是法四分（參見11.1節）中的第四分，是純淨的無意識。無意識是自主的神經係統，它以自有的方式，在現實生活中提取出了 “淨戒” ，比如，當一個人遇見女神的時候，無意識自己會很快地從女神學到很多。另外，法的第四分不斷地核實第三分。

女人的俱足淨戒又名黃金甲、女人皮、五百威儀十萬八千魅力，共有350條款，約進成為500威儀。其十萬八千魅力的計算方法與男戒相同，就有了117600，舍掉不適用的部分，約出成為了108000魅力。

另外，女戒比男戒多出來的部分稱作戒香。具足淨戒的象征物是桫欏樹（棕櫚樹），和戒環，例如戒指，如圖36。

4. Again, passing through greed, irritation, ignorance, and equality quadrant, the result is 84,000 Enchantments. What is the equality quadrant? It is the fourth quadrant of the four juristic quadrants (cf. section 11.1), is immaculate unconsciousness. Unconsciousness is an autonomous nervous system. In its own way, it extracts the "immaculate precepts" in real life. For example, when a person meets a goddess, his or her unconsciousness can quickly learn a lot from the goddess. In addition, the fourth quadrant constantly verifies the third quadrant.

A woman's “fully possessing immaculate precepts” are also known as golden armor, woman's skins, 500 Majesties 108,000 Charms, have 350 clauses in total, round in as 500 Majesties. The calculation method of its 108,000 charms is the same as that of men's precepts, so the number is 117,600. After discarding the inapplicable parts, it is rounded out as 108,000 Charms.

In addition, the extra part of a woman’s precepts than a man’s precepts are called Precept Incense. Symbols of the “Fully Possessing Immaculate Precepts” are the Sal Fasullo tree (palm tree), and rings, such as a finger ring, as shown in Figure 36.

16.2.2 斷邪行障 Severance of Heretical Behavior Hindrance

二地菩薩斬斷了邪行障。邪行障，謂所知障中俱生一分及彼所起，誤犯三業，彼障二地的極淨梭羅，菩薩入二地時便能永斷。由斯二地說斷二愚及彼粗重。

1. 微細誤犯愚，即是此中俱生一分。

2. 種種業趣愚，即彼所起誤犯三業，或唯起業不了業愚。

Second land Bodhisattvas cut off heretical behavior hindrance. Saying that among Know Hindrances, the aggregately born First Juristic Quadrants (i.e., Companions) cause people mistakenly transgress three karmas (i.e., bodily habits, orally habits, and intentionally habits); those hinder the “fully possessing immaculate precepts”. When a Bodhisattva enters the second land, he or she will be able to eliminate them forever. Basing on that, we say that the second land Bodhisattvas sever the two fools and their roughs and heavies:

1. Fool of subtly delicate transgressions, those are the aggregately born first juristic quadrants.

2. Fool of many kinds of karmic interests, those are the sponsors for three karmic transgressions. Or fool of creating karmas and not cleaning them off.

為什麽說菩薩入二地便能永斷邪行，具足淨戒？因為菩提心能攝具足淨戒。總說佛教戒律可分為三種：攝律儀戒，攝善法戒，饒益有情戒。

1. 攝律儀戒，謂遠離所應離法，與菩提心誓言的 “煩惱無盡誓願斷” 一句相應。

2. 攝善法戒，謂正修證應修證法，與菩提心戒的 “法門無量誓願學，佛道無上誓願成” 二句相應。

3. 饒益有情戒，亦名攝眾生戒，謂利樂一切有情，與菩提心戒的 “眾生無邊誓願度” 一句相應。

如是，菩提心能總攝一切戒法。

Why is it said that when a Bodhisattva enters the second land, he or can permanently put an end to evil behaviors and “fully possessed immaculate precepts”? Because Bodhicitta can assimilate all immaculate precepts, the one ring controls all other rings. Generally, to say all Buddhist precepts, are the Three Assimilating Immaculate Precepts:

1. Assimilating Disciplines and Rituals Precepts, that leaving all laws should be left. This clause corresponds to the sentence “Annoyances are endless, I vow I sever them all” in Bodhicitta Oath.

2. Assimilating Benevolent Laws Precepts, that to correctly cultivate and testify all laws should be cultivated and testified. This clause corresponds to two sentences “Juristic doors are limitless; I vow I study them all”, and “Buddha’s path is non-upper; I vow I endeavour to succeed” in Bodhicitta Oath.

3. Prosperously Benefit Sentients Precepts, also known as Assimilating Crowds Sentients Precepts, that is to benefit and please all sentients. This clause corresponds to the sentence “sentient beings are edgeless, I vow, I ferry them all” in Bodhicitta Oath.

Thus, Bodhicitta can assimilate all precepts.

16.2.3 最勝真如 Upmost Victorious True Suchness

玄奘說，“二地菩薩證得最勝真如，於一切法中最為勝故”。

Tang Tripitaka said, "The second land Bodhisattvas testify and gain the Upmost Victorious True Suchness, which is the most superior among all laws".

16.2.4 開約櫃 Opening Covenant Ark.

作者我少年時，看過一篇中國政府審查佛教的報告。1950年代，新中國成立的時候，政府委托中國佛學會對佛教進行審查。寫這篇報告的和尚說：“我們請北京故宮博物院的同誌幫我們打開了約櫃。裏麵有所有以前打開約櫃的記錄，記錄了什麽時間，誰打開了約櫃，都做了什麽。”

Author When I was a teenager, I read a report on the Chinese government’s censorship of Buddhism. In the 1950s, when New China was founded, the government commissioned the Buddhist Society of China to censor Buddhism. The monk who wrote the report said: "We asked comrades from the Palace Museum in Beijing to help us open the Ark of the Covenant. It contains all the records of previous openings, recording the time, who opened the chest, and what they did."

報告說，我們發現男戒250條和女戒的350條都在裏麵，並不像古代佛經中說的那樣， “由於保管不善，一些戒條丟失了” 。還發現了兩條有爭議的戒律， “皇（王）室成員是從虱卵蟣子出生的，穢血；富有而吝嗇的家庭成員是從濕氣出生的，泥血” 。後來蒙藏工作委員會的同誌們，他們負責蒙古、青海、和西藏地區的300位男女轉世活佛的靈魂轉世工作，說， “這兩條與挑選轉世靈童相關，人們不喜歡那兩種人，若從那兩種家庭選取轉世靈童，那活佛造不出來，肯定失敗！”

報告最後聲明，他們沒有改變任何戒律條款。釋迦摩尼說過：不準對佛教以外的人展示佛教的戒律。他們決定仍然沿襲這個傳統，把那十幾條戒律鎖回約櫃，而已經在社會上廣泛流通的戒律，可以展示給任何人看。

The report said that we found that 250 male precepts and 350 female precepts were all inside. It was not like what the ancient Buddhist scriptures said, "some of the precepts were lost due to poor storage”. Two controversial precepts were also discovered: "Members of the royal family are born from lice eggs, filthy blood; members of the rich and stingy family are born from moisture, mud blood”. Later, comrades of the Mongolian and Tibetan Working Committee, who were responsible for the soul reincarnation works of 300 male and female reincarnated living Buddhas in Mongolia, Qinghai, and Tibet, said, "These two clauses are related to the selection of Gold Boys (reincarnated soul boys; baby Adam). People do not like those two kinds of people. If you choose a reincarnated soul boy from those two families, you will not be able to create a living Buddha, fail!"

The report concluded by stating that they had not changed any of the commandments. Shakyamuni said: It is not allowed to show Buddhist precepts to non-Buddhists. They decided to still follow this tradition and lock the dozen precepts back to the Ark of the Covenant. The precepts were already widely circulated in society and could be displayed to anyone.

 

 

16.3 發光地 Glory Heartland

唐三藏說：“成就勝定大法總持，能發無邊妙慧光，故名發光地。” 本小節討論定。在佛教的百法（參見第11章）中，隻有念、定、和慧（智）可以持心，所以大部分佛的教導以此三法中的一法結束。定義為主觀和客觀相應而動的身心穩定狀態，亦名一心。基於從見道到成佛的過程，玄奘法師把所有勝定歸類成了四種：賢守定，集福王定，健行定，和大乘光明定。

Tang Tripitaka said: “Establishment of victorious-stillness great-law generally-hold, can emit edge-less wonderful gnostic light, hence the Glory Heartland.” The section discusses Stillness. Among all 100 laws of Buddhism (cf. chapter 11), only Spell, Stillness, and Gnosis (a type of intelligence) can hold heart (i.e., mind), so most of the Buddha's teachings end with one of these three laws. Stillness means a stable state of heart and body, in which the subjective and the objective change correspondingly, also known as One Heart.  Based on the process from seeing path to Buddhahood, Tang Tripitaka categorized all the victorious stillness into four:  Sagely Hold Stillness, Aggregate Fortune King Stillness, Vigorously Practice Stillness, and Mahayana Light Stillness.

1. 賢守定，謂此能守世間出世間賢善法故。插圖16.3是古埃及的浮雕，用五幅圖表達了 “賢守定” 的概念。圖1和5是眾生之母夏娃，頭頂的三朵蓮花象征著上帝三合和（上帝、亞當、和夏娃）。中間的三幅圖表示她從見道到成佛的過程。多數的雕塑中，古埃及人用 “給孩子孩子亞伯喂奶” 來表示她是夏娃，但這浮雕中用乳房長在了胳肢窩來表示她是夏娃，因為古埃及人要用夏娃的雙手來向觀眾展示一個重要的概念， “賢守” 。如圖1至5，五位夏娃都是一個 “持著” 的姿勢。

夏娃一直都端著的是什麽東西？上麵的容器顯示了瓶子裏的內容，左邊瓶子裏裝著夏娃寫的《生命之書》的全部知識，右邊瓶子裏裝著亞當寫的《死亡之書》的全部知識。這兩本書就是古埃及宗教的全部教法。綜合五幅浮雕，古埃及人表達：知識如水，賢守定如器，可以執持全部的知識之水。

對於佛教徒來說，賢守定要求修習者，無論懂不懂，要記住四勝諦的全部內容。四勝諦就是佛教的全部教法。

1. Sagely Hold Stillness, saying that this can hold mundane and transcending mundaneness all sagely benevolent laws. Illustration 16.3 is an ancient Egyptian bas-relief that expresses the concept of "Sagely Hold Stillness" in five panels. Figures 1 and 5 show enlightened Eve, with the three lotus flowers above her head symbolizing the godly trinity (God, Adam, and Eve). The three figures in the center represent her journey from Seeing Path to becoming a Buddha. In most sculptures, the ancient Egyptians by “breast feeding child Abel” to show that she is Eve, but this relief uses a breast growing in the armpit to show that she is Eve, because the ancient Egyptians wanted to use her hands to show viewers an important concept: "Sagely Hold Stillness". As shown in Figures 1 through 5, all five Eve's are in a "holding" gesture.

What was Eve carrying all the time? The containers above show the contents of the bottles, the bottle on the left contains all the knowledge of the Book of Life written by Eve, and the bottle on the right contains all the knowledge of the Book of Death written by Adam. These two books are the entire teachings of ancient Egyptian religion. Combining the five reliefs, the ancient Egyptians expressed: Knowledge is like water, and “Sagely Hold Stillness” is like a vessel, which can hold all the water of knowledge.

For Buddhists, “Sagely Hold Stillness” requires practitioners, whether they understand it or not, to remember all the contents of the Four Victorious Cruxes, which are the entire teachings of Buddhism.

2. 集福王定，謂此自在集無邊福，如王勢力無等雙。由於夏娃持有四勝諦，總是遇到好運，隨著生活，有意無意地就收到了覺悟，獲得了知識；如是她收集了許多瓶上進的膏糧（如圖4所示）。她頭頂有兩隻箭，代表她仍有貪和嗔，這兩個思惑；這也表示她此時已經懂得了四勝諦，已經消滅了八萬四千魔軍中的見惑（參見14.3節《煩惱的數》），仍有多品思惑需要消除。

2. Aggregate Fortune King Stillness, saying that this can gather edge-less fortune, like a king with unparalleled power. Because Eve held the Four Victorious Cruxes, she always encountered good luck. As she lived, she gained enlightenment and knowledge intentionally or unintentionally. In this way, she collected many bottles of nourishing food (as shown in Figure 4). There are two arrows on her head, which means that she still has greed and irritation, the two Mean Muddles; it also means that she had understood the Four Victorious Cruxes at this time and had eliminated all the View Muddles in the 84,000 demon armies (see Section 14.3 Number of Annoyances), there are still many grades Mean Muddles that need to be eliminated.

3. 健行定，謂菩薩大健有情之所行。埃及夏娃勇敢地挑戰四勝諦，但她常常發現自己錯了，向四勝諦投降了，但與此同時，她的頭裏孕育了一個巨大的蓮花蕾，已經被大洪水淹沒了（即已經被洗禮了； 如圖3中，她的頭頂所示）。圖2中的蓮花代表覺悟。夏娃全身開花，表示她覺悟不斷，正處於 “金剛無間道” 。金剛無間道，亦作金剛喻定，大洪水，洗禮、割禮，升天，和出塵，都是對修習大般若舟（即十渡；如圖2夏娃的頭頂所示）的不同描述。圖2中，夏娃口吐蓮花，正在與眾同修分享修習大般若舟的心得體會。教學相長，夏娃的修習愈發精進。

3. Vigorously Practice Stillness, saying that due to aggregate more and more fortune, Boddhisatva becomes healthy and healthier, which boosted his or her advancement on Boddhisattva’s path. The Egyptian Eve bravely challenged the Four Victorious Cruxes, but she often found that she was wrong and surrendered to the Four Victorious Cruxes. However, at the same time, a huge lotus bud was conceived in her head, which had been submerged by the great flood (i.e., Eve had been baptized; shown above her head in Figure 3). The lotus in Figure 2 represents enlightenment. Eve's whole body blossomed, indicating that she was in “Philosopher’s Stone Non-Intermit Path”. “Philosopher’s Stone Non-Intermit Path”, also known as Philosopher’s Stone Metaphor Stillness, the big flood, baptism, circumcision, escalating to heaven, going out body, and ousting dusts, all are different descriptions of practicing the Greater Arks (i.e., ten Arks; shown on the top of Eve's head in Figure 2). In Figure 2, Eve spits out lotus flowers and is sharing her experience of practicing the Greater Ark with fellow practitioners. The teaching and study were mutual, so Eve's study and practice became more and more advanced.

4. 大乘光明定，謂此能發照了大乘理教行果智光明。圖1和5顯示夏娃不開花了，全身的皮膚都變得光滑了，修習覺悟的熱忱已經褪去了。這時的她已經處於大乘光明定中；乳房從胸前被移到了胳肢窩表示她已經是眾生之母了。

4. Mahayana Light Stillness, saying that this can completely illuminate Mahayana’s principles, practices, fruits, and intelligence. Pictures 1 and 5 show that Eve has stopped blooming, her skin has become smooth, and her enthusiasm for practicing Greater Ark has faded. At this time, she was already in the Mahayana light Stillness; her breast was moved from her chest to her armpit, indicating that she was already the mother of all living beings.

?16.3.1 忍渡 Countenance Ark

三地菩薩修習忍渡。學習是一種變成的過程，無忍則不達，所以忍渡被建立了。忍有三種：耐怨害忍、安受苦忍、和諦察法忍。忍以無瞋、精進、審慧、及彼所起三業為性。忍渡亦作八忍地，八中洲，八大金剛，八大人，具體內容參見17.3-9至18節。

Third land Bodhisattvas study and practice Countenance Ark. Learning is a process of becoming, and without countenance one cannot attain, so Countenance Ark is established. There are three types of countenance: countenance with resentment and harm, countenance with accepting bitter, and countenance with observing law. Nature of countenance non-irritation, diligently advance, prudent gnosis, and their aroused three karmas. Countenance Ark, also known as Eight Countenance Lands, Eight Middle Continents, Eight Great Philosopher-Stones, Eight Great Humans, for details, please refer to Section 17.3-9 through 18.

16.3.2 暗鈍障 Severance of Gloomily Dullness Hindrance

三地菩薩斷除了暗鈍障。謂所知障中俱生一分令所聞思修法忘失，彼障三地勝定總持及彼所發殊勝三慧，入三地時便能永斷。三慧，即聞、思、修慧。聞慧是從見聞閱讀所得的慧，比如從傳說故事聽而有感，再如讀佛經，閱而會義。思慧，自己從思考總結中獲得的慧，比如感悟心得。修慧是從自身經曆的事物所感悟的慧，是自己感受到了自己修習的成果，比如守戒，修習者很快就感受到：心底無私天地寬。由斯三地說斷二愚及彼粗重。

1. 欲貪愚，即是此中能障勝定及修慧者。彼昔多與欲貪俱故名欲貪愚。今得勝定及修所成，彼既永斷，欲貪隨伏。

2. 圓滿聞持總持愚，即是此中能障總持聞思慧者。

Third land Bodhisattvas break off Hindrance of Gloomily Dullness. The saying is that there are First Quadrants aggregately born that cause the people to forget what gnosis they have heard, meant, and cultivated. Those obstacles hinder “Victorious-Stillness Generally-Hold”, will be permanently eliminated when Bodhisattvas enter the Third Land. Hearer Gnosis is gnosis gained from hearing and reading, such as listening to legends, and understanding the meaning of Buddhist scriptures. Mean Gnosis is gnosis gained from thinking, feeling, and summarizing, such as insights. Cultivation Gnosis is gnosis gained from one’s own experiences, from results of one's own practice. Such as observing the precepts, practitioners soon feel that with the selfless as heart, the sky is higher, and the earth is broader. Thus, we say that third land Bodhisattvas cut off the two fools and their roughs and heavies.

1. Fool of Desirably Greed, that is the hindrance, which hinders the Victorious Stillness and cultivated gnosis. In the past, they were often with Desirably Greed as companion, hence Fool of Desirably Greed. Now, Bodhisattvas gained the Victorious Stillness and achievements of cultivations, those are cut off, and Desirably Greed is tamed along.

2. Fool of Perfect Hearer-Hold and Generally-Hold, those are the capable of hindering the general hold on hearer gnosis, mean gnosis, and cultivation gnosis.

16.3.3 勝流真如 Victorious Stream True Suchness

三地菩薩證得勝流真如。玄奘說，此真如所流教法於餘教法極為勝故。無意識是神識，是法識，亦作真如識，所以勝流真如義為：所有的宗教中，包括現代哲學、心理學、和社會學，研究神識的教法最值得學習，是聖道流。

另一方麵，當意（即前意識）遇到正確與錯誤，純淨與汙染時，它自動地行在正確的道路上，遠離汙染。如果修習者能證明本教法是世界上所有宗教中最好的，信心會增至100%，修學事半功倍，成功就指日可待了。

Third land Bodhisattvas prove and gain Victorious Stream True Suchness. Tang Tripitaka said: “Teachings flowed out from this True Suchness are extremely victorious to other teachings.” Unconsciousness is God-sense, is juristic sense, also known as True Suchness Sense, therefore, Victorious Stream True Suchness means that teachings of God-sense are the upmost victorious among religions including modern philosophy, psychology, and sociology; the teaching of studying God-sense is the worthiest of learning and is the Holy Path Stream.

On the other hand, when Intent (i.e. preconsciousness) encounters right and wrong, purity and pollution, it automatically migrates on the right path and stays away from pollution. If practitioners can prove that this teaching is the most victorious among all teachings, their confidence will increase to 100%, their practice will be twice the result with half the effort, and success will be just around the corner.

 

 

16.4 焰慧地 Flaming Gnosis Heartland

唐三藏說：“安住最勝菩提分法，燒煩惱薪，慧焰增故名焰慧地。” 菩提分法，又名37品道：四念住、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七覺枝、和八正道枝。

16.4.0-1 四念住。念，於曾習境，令心明記不忘為性，可以持心，定依為業。（一）身念處，觀身（即集諦）不淨。（二）受念處，觀受（即觀苦諦）是苦。（三）心念處，觀滅諦無常，觀念念生滅，世事流轉，無有長久。（四）法念處，觀道諦無我。我謂主宰；法謂軌持。

Tang Tripitaka said: “easefully dwelling in the most victorious Enlightenment-Branches laws, burning faggots of annoyances, gnostic flames escalate, hence the name of Flaming Gnosis Heartland.” Enlightenment-Branches Law, also known as 37 grades of path: Four Spells Dwell, Four Correct Diligence, Four God Feet, Five Roots, Five Strengths, Seven Perception Branches, Eight Correct Paths.

16.4.0-1 Four Spell Dwells. Spell, on the once-acquired environment, its nature is to make the heart clearly remember and not forget; its karma is the being depended for Stillness. (1) Body Spell Place, to view body (that is Aggregate Crux, chapter 14) is maculate.  Aggregate Crux is heretical behavior true suchness. (2) Acceptance Spell Place, to view acceptance (that is Bitter Crux, chapter 13) is bitter. (3) Heart Spell Place, to view heart (that is Salvation Crux, chapter 15) is impermanence, to view spell and spells are birth and deaths, affair and affairs are circulating, nothing lasts forever. (4) Law Spell Place, to view Path Crux has no “I”. “I” means lord, Seth View (cf. section 11.4.4.1.4). Law means rail, track (cf. section 11.1).

16.4.0-2 四正勤：（一）未生惡法令不生；（2）已生惡法恒令滅；（三）未生善法令出生；（四）已生善法令增長。

16.4.0-3 四神足，亦名四如意足，謂欲、精進、心、和慧觀，此四法像似上帝的四隻腳，能通達目的地，無往不至。又，足有基礎、根基義。

16.4.0-2 Four Correct Diligence: (1) Ferocious laws that have not been born will not be born; (2) Ferocious laws that have been born will be terminated; (3) Benevolent laws that have not been born will be born; (4) Benevolent laws that have been born will grow prosperously.

16.4.0-3 Four Godly Feet, also known as Four As-Wish Feet, that desire, diligently effort, heart, and view, the four are like God’s four feet, which can reach any destinations. Moreover, feet also mean footings, foundations, roots.

1. 欲如意足，欲於所樂境相，希望為性，勤依為業。欲通於善惡和中性這三種倫理道德性，若對善法起欲，能發正勤，由精進助成善事，如有神助。

2. 精進神足，精進於所修之法，專注一心，不懈地努力，而能如願滿足，如有神助。

3. 心神足，此心義指無所有天（圖16-2），亦名微妙本心，常寂光天，涅槃，拯救，畢竟空，正定。而且此心具有無數無量福德。一心一意地做事能引發正定持心。

4. 觀神足，此觀即慧觀，即運用集起的四緣（參見14.1節）來看待事物。結合前心神足，把 “畢竟空” ，即∅，放入集起，集起就變成了 “等起” 。等起就是佛智、神智、佛的世界觀、佛教哲學。

1. Desire God Foot, desire is by “arousing hope on laughable environment” as nature, is by “being depended by diligence” as karma. Desire affiliates to benevolent neutral and ferocious moralities, if aroused desire to benevolent laws, can arouse correct diligence. Thus, diligently effort can promote to achieve benevolent affair, like helped by God.

2. Diligently-Effort God Foot, diligently to put efforts to the cultivated law, concentrate with one heart, non-relaxingly endeavour, thus, one can fulfill hope to satisfaction, like helped by God.

3. Heart God Foot, the heart means “No Objectively Have Sky” (see fig. 16-2), also known as “Delicately Wonderful Original Heart”, “Constant Silent Light Sky”, Nirvana, Salvation, Empty After All, Correct Stillness. And the heart has innumerable and inexhaustible fortune and virtue. Doing thing with concentrated one heart and one intention can trigger the Correct Stillness to hold heart.

4. View God Foot, the view means gnostic view, means using the four elements of Aggregate Arousal (cf. section 14.1) to view. Combining with the above clause, putting the “Empty After All”, "∅", into the Aggregate Arousal, then the Aggregate Arousal becomes “Equality Arousal”, which is Buddha Intelligence, God Intelligence, Buddha’s world view, and Buddhist philosophy.

16.4.0-4 五根，是信根、精進根（亦作勤根）、念根、定根、慧根。

1. 信，於實德能，深忍樂欲，心淨為性；樂善為業。勝解即是忍，是信的因；樂欲是信的果。信略有三種。（甲）信實有，即於一切實事和道理，深信忍耐可為有。（乙）信有德，即信四勝諦（參見第13至16章）為實，信可為有，信即是有。（丙）信有能，即對於一切世間及出世間的善法，深信自己及他人，隻要肯學習，都能獲得那些成就。

2. 精進或勤，於善惡的修斷事中，勇悍為性；滿善為業。精進有五種：（甲）被甲精進，即有勢；（乙）加行精進，即有勤；（丙）無下精進，即有勇；（丁）無退精進，即堅猛；（戊）無足精進，即不舍善軛。

16.4.0-4 Five Roots are faith root, diligently effort root, spell root, still root, and gnosis root.

1. Faith, it is ardently tolerant with and desire to factual fortunes and virtues, its nature is heart’s immaculateness, its karma is laughingly to do goods. Resolution is tolerance, is reason for faith; laughingly desire is faith’s fruit. There are three kinds of faith. (A) Faith to factually haves, that is to deeply believe all actualities and principles, and to deeply believe in that tolerances can be haves. (B) Faith to Virtues, that is to believe in that the Four Victorious Cruxes (cf. chapter 13 to 16) are factuality; beliefs can be haves, faith is have. (C) Faith to able, that is to all mundane and transcending mundane benevolent laws, deeply believe in that oneself and other, if willing to study, all can gain those achievements.

2. Diligently Effort Root, on affairs of cultivating benevolent laws and severing ferocious laws, its nature is valiant effort, its karma is to fulfill benevolence.  There are five kinds of diligently advances: (A) armored diligently advance, i.e., having potency; (B) extra effort advance, i.e., having diligence; (C) non-inferior advance, i.e., having bravery; (D) no-retreating advance, i.e., valiant; and (E) unsatiable advance, i.e., not giving up on benevolent juristic traces.

3. 念，即讀、咒，於曾習境，令心明記不忘為性，定依為業。

4. 定，於所觀境，令心專注不散為性，智依為業。定是身心穩定，主客觀相應而動的狀態，亦作一心。

5. 慧，於所觀境簡擇為性，斷疑為業。慧是解知之心，是一種智；但在某些方麵，兩者相反，成事之智是智，了事之智是慧。佛教中常用金剛來比喻慧；在英語中，金剛義為哲學家之石。

3. Spell Root, that is, read, curse, on the once-acquired environment, its nature is to make the mind clearly remember and not forget, its karma is the being depended for Stillness.

4. Stillness Root, on being observed environment, its nature is to let heart focus, not be dispersed; its karma is the being depended for Intelligence. Stillness is bodily and mentally stable state, in which subjective and objective change correspondingly; also known as One Heart.

5. Gnosis Root, on being observed environment, its nature is selection, its karma is severing suspicion. Gnosis is the heart of interpreting know, is a kind of intelligence; but in some ways, the two are opposites, the intelligence of establishing affair is intelligence, the intelligence of terminating affair is gnosis. In Buddhism, Vajra is often used as a metaphor for gnosis; in English, Vajra means philosopher's stone.

16.4.0-5 五力，得到了上麵的五根之後，就有了這五種力量。（一）信力，信念增長，能破諸疑惑。（二）精進力，精進念增長，能破身心懈怠。（三）念力，念力增長，能破諸邪念，成就出世正念功德。（四）定力，定念增長，能破諸亂想，發諸定。（五）慧力，慧念增長，能遮止三界（圖16）見思二惑（參見第14.3節）。

16.4.0-5 Five Strengths, after obtaining the above five roots, one has the five powers. (1) Faith Power, the growth of faith, and the ability to break all doubts. (2) Diligent-Effort Power, spell of diligently-effort grows, can break the slackness of body and heart. (3) Spell Power, Spell Power grows, can break heretical thoughts, and to achieve the correct spells’ fortune and virtue of ousting mundaneness. (4) Still Power grows, can break chaotic thoughts and, and to rouse stillness. (5) Gnostic Power, gnosis grows, can cover up and stop View Muddles and Mean Muddles (cf. section 14.3) of three boundaries (see fig. 16).

16.4.0-6 七覺枝，是修習佛法獲得的七種證悟：念覺枝、擇法覺枝、精進覺枝、喜覺枝、輕安覺枝、定覺枝、舍覺枝。

1. 念覺枝，此覺悟就是修習者發現了念對人生活的影響很大。意隨念行，遂由等流果（參見11.6.2 《等流果》）的聚集而形成人的內心環境，從而形成觀待因（即能做因，參見11.6.3 《士用果》）。完備的心境出現了，即定境出現了。其中的念起到了關鍵的引導作用。

2. 擇法覺枝，此覺悟是，智和慧都以揀擇為性。

3. 精進覺枝，要獲得成功，許多時候精進是必要的，比如鑽木取火，關鍵的時候需要附加額外的工作，否則火不可得。

16.4.0-6 Seven Perception Branches are seven kinds of enlightenment obtained by practicing Buddhism: spell perception branch, Selective-law perception branch, diligently-effort perception branch, light-ease perception branch, stillness perception branch, and renunciation perception branch.

1. Spell Perception Branch, this enlightenment is saying that the person found that intention follows spell, Equal Stream Fruits (cf. 11.6.2 Equal Stream Fruit) flow to intention, and the inner environment of the person is formed. Therefore, “View and treatment” reason (i.e. Able as Reason”; cf. section 11.6.3 Warrior Usage Fruit) is formed. Then a complete state of mind forms, i.e., a Still Environment appears. Among which, spell functions as a key guiding role.

2. Selective-law Perception Branch, the enlightenment is that intelligence and gnosis both have choosing as their nature.

3. Diligently-Effort Perception Branch, to achieve success, diligence and effort is often necessary, such as drilling wood to make fire, at critical times, additional work is required, otherwise fire cannot be obtained.

4. 喜覺枝，喜具有強大力量；同樣的，四無量心，即慈、悲、喜、舍，都具有強大的力量。另外，學法修道至於獲得利樂處，才算有真正的成就。

5. 輕安覺枝，身體沒有粗重的感覺，心情舒暢。輕安以堪任為性，轉依為業。

6. 定覺枝，定是一位別境心所有法；於所觀境，令心專注不散為性，智依為業。如圖16-1至22都可以看作是不同的定境，有那樣心與境互動的狀態，才有那樣的智慧。

7. 舍覺枝，此覺悟義為，因為無意識，亦作神識，隻與舍受相應，所以基於畢竟空（即插圖16-2）的無為法誕生了，而且修習者體證了無為法是取得幸福和美德的正確道路。塵世之法是有為法，是基於有而建立的法，是基於帝釋天（如圖16-14）的法，是集法。塵世之人基於有為法，執著於顛倒妄想，沉迷於生老病死的苦海，不得解脫。

4. Delightful Perception Branch, delightfulness has great power; similarly, the four infinite hearts, namely mercifulness, sorrowfulness, delightfulness, and renunciation, all have great power. In addition, when studying laws and cultivating path, true achievement is at benefit and laugh place.

5. Light-Ease Perception Branch, the body does not feel rough and heavy, and heart are easily pleasant; its nature is trustworthy to carry duty, its karma is conversion.

6. Stillness Perception Branch, stillness is a circumstantial heartland law, is by having heart not loose on being observed environment as nature, being depended by intelligence is its karma. As shown in Figure 16-1 to 22, they all can be regarded as different states of stillness. Only with such states of interaction between heart and environment can there be such intelligence and gnosis.

7. Renunciation Perception Branch, this enlightenment is that, because unconsciousness, also known as God-sense, only corresponds to renunciative acceptance, so the None-As Law based on Empty After All (I.e. fig. 16-2) is born, and the practitioner experiences Proving the None-As Law is the correct path to fortune and virtue. Mundane laws are Have-As Laws established on haves, based on Seth-Sky (see Fig. 16-14), and are aggregative laws. Mundane people based on have-as laws, obsessed with upside-down delusions, and indulged in the bitter sea of birth, old age, illness, and death, from which they cannot be liberated.

16.4.0-7 八正道，是基於前麵的七種覺悟，悟出的八種人生的正確道路：正見、正思維、正語、正業、正命、正精進、正念、正定。

1. 正見，區別於邪執倒見：苦諦（參見第13章）是安立真如，集諦（參見第14章）是邪行真如，滅諦（參見第15章）是清淨真如，道諦（第16章）是正行真如。

2. 正思維，依四諦的因果理進行思維，參見13.4.3節《十趣因果》。

16.4.0-7 Eight Correct Paths are findings from the previous seven enlightenments: Correct View, Correct Thinking, Correct Speech, Correct Karma, Correct Life, Correct Diligently Advancement, Correct Spell, Correct Stillness.

1. Correct View is different from heretical obsessions and upside-down views: Bitter Crux (cf. chapter 13) is establishment true suchness, Aggregate Crux (cf. chapter 14) is heretical behavior true suchness, Salvation Crux (cf. chapter 15) is quiet true suchness, and the Path Crux (cf. chapter 16) is correct behavior true suchness.

2. Correct Thinking, thinking according to the theories of cause and effect of the Four Victorious Cruxes, see Section 13.4.3 Ten Interests’ Causes and Effects.

3. 正語，（甲）不妄語，或不唯不行誑惑，更能言說真實語；（乙）不綺語，或不唯不行魅惑之語，更能作利益語；（丙）不惡口，或不唯不行粗獷，更能善言安慰；（丁）不兩舌，或不唯不行離間，更能從中調和。

4. 正業，對於一個男人來說是 “三千威儀，八萬四千細行” ，對於一個女人來說正業是 “五百威儀，十萬八千魅力” （參見16.2節）。業，亦作身口意業，身業即此身、口業即此口中所說的、意業即此心所想的。

5. 正命，從事正當的職業，尊老愛幼。

3. Correct Speech, (A) Not to speak delusionally, or not only not to muddle and deceive, but also to speak truthfully; (B) Not to use flowery speech, or not only not to charm, but also to speak for the benefit of others; (C) Not to speak of coarse ferocious language, or not only not to speak ferociously, but also to speak kindly to console; (D) Not to two-tongue, not only not to sow discord among people, but also to conciliate and harmonize.

4. Correct Karma is the “3,000 Majesties 84,000 Enchantments” for a man, and the “500 Majesties 108,000 Charms” for a woman discussed in Section 16.2 above.  Karma is also known as bodily orally and intentionally karma, bodily karma is the flesh body, orally karma is the mouth speaking, intentionally karma is the heart thinking.

5. Correct Life, engaging in a proper profession, respecting the elderly, and caring for the young.

          

6. 正精進，如插圖16.4所示，圖22下麵的地獄是最不幸的地方，上麵圖2的無所有天是最幸福的地方，以此兩極為導向，正精進就是 “好好學習，天天向上” 。

7. 正念：（甲）不慳貪，或不唯不行慳吝，更能進行施舍；（乙）不嗔恚，或不唯不行憤恚，更能恒生慈念；（丙）不邪見，或不唯不行邪見，更能信行四諦因果理。

8. 正定，菩提分法以三種勝定統攝一切勝定，亦名三解脫門：（甲）在穢土（如圖16-34），少欲是正定；（乙）在淨土（如圖33），無相是正定；（丙）在遍淨天（如圖16-32），空是正定。

6. Correct Diligently Advance, as shown in Illustration 16.4, the hell below in Figure 22 is the most unhappy place, and the “No Objectively Have Sky” in Figure 2 above is the quietest place. Orientated by these two extremes, Correct Diligently Advancement means "study and practice hard, moving up every day”.

7. Correct Spell: (A) Not to be stingily greed, or not only not to be stingily greed, but also to perform donation; (B) Not to be resentfully irritated, or not only not to be angry, but also to be able to bear merciful spell; (C) Not to be heretical, or not only not to be heretical, but also be able to believe and implement the causes and fruits of the Four Victorious Cruxes.

8. Correct Stillness, Samadhi in Sanskrit, the Enlightenment Branches Laws use three victorious stillness to assimilate all victorious stillness, also known as “Three Liberation Doors”: (A) In Filth Soils (see fig. 16-34), “Less Desire” is correct stillness; (B) In Immaculate Soils (see fig. 16-32), “No Phenomena” is correct stillness; (C) In “Pervasively Immaculate Sky” (see fig. 32), “Empty” is correct stillness.

16.4.1 精進渡 Diligently-Advancement Ark

四地菩薩修習精進渡。精進渡有三種，被甲精進，攝善精進，和利樂精進。被甲精進是說菩薩修習最勝菩提分法，如古代的將士身著鎧甲入戰場，心無畏懼，勇往直前。利樂精進是說菩薩成熟有情，利樂眾生，永不知足。精進以勤及彼所起三業為性。

插圖35是本書第18章《太陽石》中的墨西哥山（亦名特拉洛克，約公元1325年）在展示如何精進：如鑽木取火，猛龍過江，專精不懈，勇往直前。圖36是中國的南方人在賽龍舟。

Fourth land Bodhisattvas study and practice “Diligently-Advancement Ark”, which has three types, namely, Armored Diligently-Advancement, Assimilating-Benevolences Diligently-Advancement, and Benefitting-Laugh Diligently-Advancement. Armored Diligently-Advancement means that the Bodhisattva studies and practices the most victorious “Enlightenment Branches Laws” diligently, like the ancient soldiers who entered the battlefield wearing armor, fearlessly marching forward. Benefitting-Laugh Diligently-Advancement means that the Bodhisattva is pleasing and maturing sentient beings, never satiated. Diligently-Advancement Ark is by “diligence and it aroused three karmas” as nature.

Illustration 35 is Mount Mexico (also known as Tlaloc, around 1325 CE) in Chapter 18 "The Sun Stone" of this book showing how to “Diligently-Advancement”: like drilling wood to make fire, a dragon crossing a river, being dedicated and relentless, and moving forward courageously. Picture 36 shows southerners of China racing dragon boats.

16.4.2 微細煩惱現行障 Hindrance of Subtle-Annoyance Presentness

四地菩薩斷微細煩惱現行障。此說所知障中俱生一分，屬於第六識俱身見的部分；最下品故，不作意緣故，遠隨現行，故說名微細。寧知此與第六識俱，第七識俱執我見粗大，故說此與第六識俱者微細。彼粗大俱執我等與無漏道性相違，八地以去方永不行。

此但與第六相應身見而言，亦攝無始所知障攝定愛法愛。此微細煩惱障四地菩提分法，菩提分法特違彼，入四地時便能永斷。由斯四地說斷二愚及彼粗重：（一）等至愛愚，即是此中定愛俱者；（二）法愛愚，即是此中法愛俱者。所知障攝二愚斷故煩惱二愛亦永不行。

Fourth land Bodhisattvas break off Hindrance of Subtle-Annoyance Presentness. This is said the First Juristic Quadrant aggregately born, that body-view belongs to the sixth sense (i.e. consciousness); it is named as “subtle”, because it is the lowest, because it is not aggregated from attention, and because its following lags far behind. It is preferable that this body-view affiliates to sixth sense, since the aggregately born body-view belonging to the seventh sense (i.e. preconsciousness) is thick, comparatively this belonging to sixth sense is “subtle”. That “thick aggregately born body view” is contrary to the nature of the holy path, will be tamed at the eighth land and upper.

The said aggregately born body-view belonging to sixth sense also includes Stillness-Love and Law-Love belonging to along-life know hindrance. The “Subtle-Annoyance” hinders “Enlightenment-Branches Laws” since “Enlightenment-Branches Laws” particularly besiege it. Thus, we say that fourth land Bodhisattvas break off the two fools and their roughs and heavies: (1) Equality-Arrival Love Fool, which is the love of stillness among this; (2) Law Love Fool, which is the love of law among this. The two fools belonging to Know Hindrance are severed, therefore the Still Love and Law Love will never present again.

16.4.3 無攝受真如 No-Assimilated-Acceptance True Suchness

四地菩薩證得無攝受真如。玄奘說，此真如無所係屬，非我執等所依取故。此說無意識（即神識）沒有自我，沒有我及我所，且它的許多特質終生不變，不可能被馴服、降伏、誘惑、或賄賂。眾生隻能依據它的性質（法性）而行為。

Fourth land Bodhisattvas prove and gain “No-Assimilated-Acceptance True Suchness” (i.e., being free from incorporation). Tang Tripitaka said: “This True Suchness has no affiliation and cannot be fetched by I-Obsession, etc.” This says that unconsciousness (aka God-sense) has no self, and belongings, many of its nature remain unchanged throughout life, and cannot be tamed, subdued, seduced, or bribed. Living beings can only act according to its nature (juristic nature).

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