萬裏千人
理工男到創業者蛻變後感悟。來美三十年的感悟。工學院終身教授。五年六十次飛越太平洋，一年五十次深圳。
考察了下這個著名的移民案例。
Quock Jan Fat，一個福建老中的名字，你很快就會知道。老爸叫Quock Tuck Lee，也非常有故事。他的兒子，叫Quock Jan Fat，未來幾個月會很有名。
出生公民權一直有爭議，1869年為了讓黑人成為美國公民。後來有很多有關案例，其中很有名的是當年最高法院1920年一個法令。就是Quock Jan Fat v White的案例。這個案件的律師，是Dion R Holm。應該算當年比較woke的白人 （https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune-obituary-for-dion-r-hol/74696541/）
1860年monterey 郭家。
這個法律，你仔細讀，就知道特朗普說的有道理。為什麽敢碰出生公民權的案子，還是1850年就來加州的一個老中家庭的案例需要細讀。那時候第一次鴉片戰爭剛結束，美國加州淘金開始（類似今天的AI GPT）。來加州的人很多。
看這個
https://exhibits.stanford.edu/seaside/feature/the-chinese-fishing-village
https://seaside.stanford.edu/point-alones-chinese-fishing-village-0
以前舊金山附近的monterey bay有一個中華漁村。有一個郭家，1850年飄洋過海來美國，在舊金山附近捕魚曬漁，有一點小日子。他們其實比很多歐洲人來的不晚。歐洲人被許可homesteading，也就是占地占坑永久擁有土地，可是中國人不行。後來這個漁村被可疑的燒掉，騰出地方給了伯克利建立生物實驗室。現在叫Lover's point.
當年中國人可能很勤勞可是不受待見。後來Tuck Lee給附近的斯坦福大學實驗室采集標本。如果他們當年就可以買房擁地，現在整個17 mile drive都應該是中國人的。可惜，這塊寶地後來被歐洲人看上了。
Jan Fat有一次回國，需要提前報備，後來被自己人舉報了，說他的美國身份不是真的。後來他的案子一直告到最高法院。
In Kwock Jan Fat v. White (1920), the "petitioner" (Kwock Jan Fat) was born in Monterey, California. At the time of Fat's birth, his father, Kwock Tuck Lee, was presumed to be a U.S. citizen, based on the facts that (a) Lee was born in the United States, and (b) he was registered to vote in Pacific Grove (the Chinatown district of Monterey) where he lived. Moreover, Lee's wife, Tom Ying Shee (Fat's mother), was presumed to be a U.S. citizen by marriage.
Since Fat was born in the United States, of parents (Lee and Shee) who were presumably both U.S. citizens, Edward White, the Commissioner of Immigration, concluded that Kwock Jan Fat was a "natural born American citizen". When Fat departed on a trip to China, the Commissioner assured him that, when he returned, he would be readmitted to the United States.
While Fat was in China, Commissioner White received an anonymous tip that Fat had committed identity fraud, that he was really Lew Suey Chong, who was admitted to this country in 1909, as a son of a Chinese merchant, Lew Wing Tong, of Oakland, California. Consequently, upon his return from China, Fat was barred from reentering the U.S.; and a lawsuit ensued.
The Supreme Court found that the anonymous tip was not credible. But even if we assumed that Fat's parents were not U.S citizens, they were still "permanently domiciled" in the United States. According to U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark (1898), the U.S.-born children of permanently-domiciled alien parents acquire U.S. citizenship at birth.
It is not disputed that if petitioner is the son of Kwock Tuck Lee and his wife, Tom Ying Shee, he was born to them when they were permanently domiciled in the United States, is a citizen thereof, and is entitled to [re]admission to the country. United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 , 18 Sup. Ct. 456. (Kwock Jan Fat v. White, 1920).
The Supreme Court did not suggest that mere birth on U.S. soil was sufficient to confer U.S. citizenship. The Wong Kim Ark ruling conferred U.S. citizenship to the U.S.-born child of alien parents only if the parents were "permanently domiciled" in the United States at the time of the child's birth.
最高法院不認為在美國出生就是公民。隻有父母一方是綠卡或者公民，降生在美國的孩子才是美國公民。這個案例，父母一方都是永居。
The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Kwock Jan Fat, commenting that:
It is better that many Chinese immigrants should be improperly admitted than that one natural born citizen of the United States should be permanently excluded from his country. (Kwock Jan Fat v. White, 1920).
嚴格來說，1868年第十四修正案，是有一個修飾詞。也就是，必須“subject to jurisdiction“。 Jin Fat的1920案子是特朗普律師必須知道的核心。
https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/253/454/
Holm有墓碑，Kwock沒有。
是的，法例很重要。據Steve Colbert說，美國保存措施最嚴格的就是高法判例一類的文件。
當年的人肯定考慮辯論過了各種情形，大概技術上也有困難。那時有各種各樣的地區，沒像現在地球上各國邊界都畫得清清楚楚，瓜分完畢了。又如Naturalized一詞，大概是印第安人沒法兒管，但也隻好承認。美國是個移民國，與印英法主流by default不認移民不同，才有jurisdiction一句。移民幾代之後才算Naturalized，也是個問題。就看現代肉食者怎麼謀之了，走向難講。：）
當然肯定不合理。問題就是，美國還沒有廢除，在美國這樣一個”以法律為準繩“的國家，既然法律存在著，你就無法跟他對著幹，哪怕眾人都覺得是個沒有道理的法，川普的主張就可能行不通，是這麽個理吧。