key figures for prison populations by country

Country	Approximate prisoners	Rate per 100,000
United States	~ 1.8 million inmates. World Prison Brief+2Penal Reform International+2	~ 500630 per 100,000. Penal Reform International+2countryeconomy.com+2
China	~ 1.69 million (reported; numbers in pre-trial detention may be excluded). World Prison Brief+1	Rate not fully reliable/available publicly.
Brazil	~ 810,000 inmates (per some listings) Penal Reform International
India	~ 573,000 inmates (Asia region figure) Prevention of Torture
Europe (median across 48 reporting states)	~ 1,036,680 inmates (31 Jan 2023) Portal+1	~ 116 per 100,000 population (Jan 2023) Portal+1