大美體係，曆史上的提名

Supreme Court Nominations (1789-Present)

 

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The Constitution requires the president to submit nominations to the Senate for its advice and consent. Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, presidents have submitted 165 nominations for the Court, including those for chief justice. Of this total, 128 were confirmed (7 declined to serve). This chart lists nominations officially submitted to the Senate.

Nominee To Replace Nominated* Vote** Result & Date*** President Biden, Joseph R., Jr. Jackson, Ketanji Brown Breyer Feb 28, 2022 53-47  No.  134 C Apr 7, 2022 President Trump, Donald Barrett, Amy Coney Ginsburg Sep 29, 2020 52-48  No.  224 C Oct 26, 2020 Kavanaugh, Brett Kennedy Jul 10, 2018 50-48  No.  223 C Oct 6, 2018 Gorsuch, Neil M. Scalia Feb 1, 2017 54-45  No.  111 C Apr 7, 2017 President Obama, Barack Garland, Merrick B. Scalia Mar 16, 2016   N   Kagan, Elena Stevens May 10, 2010 63-37  No.  229 C Aug 5, 2010 Sotomayor, Sonia Souter Jun 1, 2009 68-31  No.  262 C Aug 6, 2009 President Bush, George W. Alito, Samuel A., Jr. O'Connor Nov 10, 2005 58-42  No.  2 C Jan 31, 2006 Miers, Harriet O'Connor Oct 7, 2005   W Oct 28, 2005 Roberts, John G., Jr.1 Rehnquist Sep 6, 2005 78-22  No.  245 C Sep 29, 2005 Roberts, John G., Jr. O'Connor Jul 29, 2005   W Sep 6, 2005 President Clinton, Bill Breyer, Stephen G. Blackmun May 17, 1994 87-9  No.  242 C Jul 29, 1994 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader White Jun 22, 1993 96-3  No.  232 C Aug 3, 1993 President Bush, George H.W. Thomas, Clarence Marshall Jul 8, 1991 52-48  No.  220 C Oct 15, 1991 Souter, David H. Brennan Jul 25, 1990 90-9  No.  259 C Oct 2, 1990 President Reagan, Ronald Kennedy, Anthony M. Powell Nov 30, 1987 97-0  No.  16 C Feb 3, 1988 Bork, Robert H. Powell Jul 7, 1987 42-58  No.  348 R Oct 23, 1987 Scalia, Antonin Rehnquist Jun 24, 1986 98-0  No.  267 C Sep 17, 1986 Rehnquist, William H. 2 Burger Jun 20, 1986 65-33  No.  266 C Sep 17, 1986 O'Connor, Sandra Day Stewart Aug 19, 1981 99-0  No.  274 C Sep 21, 1981 President Ford, Gerald Stevens, John Paul Douglas Nov 28, 1975 98-0  No.  603 C Dec 17, 1975 President Nixon, Richard Rehnquist, William H. Harlan Oct 22, 1971 68-26  No.  450 C Dec 10, 1971 Powell, Lewis F., Jr. Black Oct 22, 1971 89-1  No.  439 C Dec 6, 1971 Blackmun, Harry Fortas Apr 15, 1970 94-0  No.  143 C May 12, 1970 Carswell, G. Harrold Fortas Jan 19, 1970 45-51  No.  122 R Apr 8, 1970 Haynsworth, Clement, Jr. Fortas Aug 21, 1969 45-55  No.  154 R Nov 21, 1969 Burger, Warren 3 Warren May 23, 1969 74-3  No.  35 C Jun 9, 1969 President Johnson, Lyndon Thornberry, Homer Fortas Jun 26, 1968   W Oct 4, 1968 Fortas, Abe 4 Warren Jun 26, 1968   W Oct 4, 1968 Marshall, Thurgood Clark Jun 13, 1967 69-11  No.  240 C Aug 30, 1967 Fortas, Abe Goldberg Jul 28, 1965 V C Aug 11, 1965 President Kennedy, John Goldberg, Arthur Frankfurter Aug 31, 1962 V C Sep 25, 1962 White, Byron Whittaker Apr 3, 1962 V C Apr 11, 1962 President Eisenhower, Dwight Stewart, Potter Burton Jan 17, 1959 70-17 C May 5, 1959 Whittaker, Charles Reed Mar 2, 1957 V C Mar 19, 1957 Brennan, William, Jr. Minton Jan 14, 1957 V C Mar 19, 1957 Harlan, John Jackson Jan 10, 1955 71-11 C Mar 16, 1955 Harlan, John Jackson Nov 9, 1954   N   Warren, Earl 5 Vinson Jan 11, 1954 V C Mar 1, 1954 President Truman, Harry Minton, Sherman Rutledge Sep 15, 1949 48-16 C Oct 4, 1949 Clark, Tom Murphy Aug 2, 1949 73-8 C Aug 18, 1949 Vinson, Fred 6 Stone Jun 6, 1946 V C Jun 20, 1946 Burton, Harold Roberts Sep 18, 1945 V C Sep 19, 1945 President Roosevelt, Franklin Rutledge, Wiley Byrnes Jan 11, 1943 V C Feb 8, 1943 Jackson, Robert Stone Jun 12, 1941 V C Jul 7, 1941 Byrnes, James McReynolds Jun 12, 1941 V C Jun 12, 1941 Stone, Harlan 7 Hughes Jun 12, 1941 V C Jun 27, 1941 Murphy, Frank Butler Jan 4, 1940 V C Jan 16, 1940 Douglas, William Brandeis Mar 20, 1939 62-4 C Apr 4, 1939 Frankfurter, Felix Cardozo Jan 5, 1939 V C Jan 17, 1939 Reed, Stanley Sutherland Jan 15, 1938 V C Jan 25, 1938 Black, Hugo Van Devanter Aug 12, 1937 63-16 C Aug 17, 1937 President Hoover, Herbert Cardozo, Benjamin Holmes Feb 15, 1932 V C Feb 24, 1932 Roberts, Owen Sanford May 9, 1930 V C May 20, 1930 Parker, John Sanford Mar 21, 1930 39-41 R May 7, 1930 Hughes, Charles 8 Taft Feb 3, 1930 52-26 C Feb 13, 1930 President Coolidge, Calvin Stone, Harlan McKenna Jan 5, 1925 71-6 C Feb 5, 1925 President Harding, Warren Sanford, Edward Pitney Jan 24, 1923 V C Jan 29, 1923 Butler, Pierce Day Dec 5, 1922 61-8 C Dec 21, 1922 Butler, Pierce Day Nov 21, 1922   N   Sutherland, George Clarke Sep 5, 1922 V C Sep 5, 1922 Taft, William 9 White Jun 30, 1921 60-4 C Jun 30, 1921 President Wilson, Woodrow Clarke, John Hughes Jul 14, 1916 V C Jul 24, 1916 Brandeis, Louis Lamar Jan 28, 1916 47-22 C Jun 1, 1916 McReynolds, James Lurton Aug 19, 1914 44-6 C Aug 29, 1914 President Taft, William Pitney, Mahlon Harlan Feb 19, 1912 50-26 C Mar 13, 1912 Lamar, Joseph Moody Dec 12, 1910 V C Dec 15, 1910 Devanter, Willis Van White Dec 12, 1910 V C Dec 15, 1910 White, Edward10 Fuller Dec 12, 1910 V C Dec 12, 1910 Hughes, Charles Brewer Apr 25, 1910 V C May 2, 1910 Lurton, Horace Peckham Dec 13, 1909 V C Dec 20, 1909 President Roosevelt, Theodore Moody, William Brown Dec 3, 1906 V C Dec 12, 1906 Day, William Shiras Feb 19, 1903 V C Feb 23, 1903 Holmes, Oliver Gray Dec 2, 1902 V C Dec 4, 1902 President McKinley, William McKenna, Joseph Field Dec 16, 1897 V C Jan 21, 1898 President Cleveland, Grover Peckham, Rufus Jackson Dec 3, 1895 V C Dec 9, 1895 White, Edward Blatchford Feb 19, 1894 V C Feb 19, 1894 Peckham, Wheeler Blatchford Jan 22, 1894 32-41 R Feb 16, 1894 Hornblower, William Blatchford Dec 5, 1893 24-30 R Jan 15, 1894 Hornblower, William Blatchford Sep 19, 1893   N   President Harrison, Benjamin Jackson, Howell Lamar Feb 2, 1893 V C Feb 18, 1893 Shiras, George, Jr. Bradley Jul 19, 1892 V C Jul 26, 1892 Brown, Henry Miller Dec 23, 1890 V C Dec 29, 1890 Brewer, David Matthews Dec 4, 1889 53-11 C Dec 18, 1889 President Cleveland, Grover Fuller, Melville 11 Waite Apr 30, 1888 41-20 C Jul 20, 1888 Lamar, Lucius Woods Dec 6, 1887 32-28 C Jan 16, 1888 President Arthur, Chester Blatchford, Samuel Hunt Mar 13, 1882 V C Mar 22, 1882 Conkling, Roscoe Hunt Feb 24, 1882 39-12 D Mar 2, 1882 Gray, Horace Clifford Dec 19, 1881 51-5 C Dec 20, 1881 President Garfield, James Stanley Matthews Swayne Mar 14, 1881 24-23 C May 12, 1881 President Hayes, Rutherford Matthews, Stanley Swayne Jan 26, 1881   N   Woods, William Strong Dec 15, 1880 39-8 C Dec 21, 1880 Harlan, John Davis Oct 16, 1877 V C Nov 29, 1877 President Grant, Ulysses Waite, Morrison12 Chase Jan 19, 1874 63-0 C Jan 21, 1874 Cushing, Caleb13 Chase Jan 9, 1874   W Jan 13, 1874 Williams, George 14 Chase Dec 1, 1873   W Jan 8, 1874 Hunt, Ward Nelson Dec 3, 1872 V C Dec 11, 1872 Bradley, Joseph (new seat) Feb 7, 1870 46-9 C Mar 21, 1870 Strong, William Grier Feb 7, 1870   C Feb 18, 1870 Stanton, Edwin15 Grier Dec 20, 1869 46-11 C Dec 20, 1869 Hoar, Ebenezer (new seat) Dec 14, 1869 24-33 R Feb 3, 1870 President Johnson, Andrew Stanbery, Henry Catron Apr 16, 1866   N   President Lincoln, Abraham Chase, Salmon 16 Taney Dec 6, 1864 V C Dec 6, 1864 Field, Stephen (new seat) Mar 6, 1863 V C Mar 10, 1863 Davis, David Campbell Dec 1, 1862 V C Dec 8, 1862 Miller, Samuel Daniel Jul 16, 1862 V C Jul 16, 1862 Swayne, Noah McLean Jan 21, 1862 38-1 C Jan 24, 1862 President Buchanan, James Black, Jeremiah Daniel Feb 5, 1861 25-26 R Feb 21, 1861 Clifford, Nathan Curtis Dec 9, 1857 26-23 C Jan 12, 1858 President Pierce, Franklin Campbell, John McKinley Mar 21, 1853 V C Mar 22, 1853 President Fillmore, Millard Micou, William McKinley Feb 14, 1853   N   Badger, George McKinley Jan 3, 1853   W Feb 14, 1853 Bradford, Edward McKinley Aug 16, 1852   N   Curtis, Benjamin Woodbury Dec 11, 1851 V C Dec 20, 1851 President Polk, James Grier, Robert Baldwin Aug 3, 1846 V C Aug 4, 1846 Woodbury, Levi Story Dec 23, 1845 V C Jan 3, 1846 Woodward, George Baldwin Dec 23, 1845 20-29 R Jan 22, 1846 President Tyler, John Read, John Baldwin Feb 7, 1845   N   Nelson, Samuel Thompson Feb 4, 1845 V C Feb 14, 1845 Walworth, Reuben Thompson Dec 4, 1844   W Feb 4, 1845 King, Edward Baldwin Dec 4, 1844   W Feb 7, 1845 Walworth, Reuben 17 Thompson Jun 17, 1844   N Jun 17, 1844 Spencer, John Thompson Jun 17, 1844   W Jun 17, 1844 King, Edward Baldwin Jun 5, 1844 29-18 P Jun 15, 1844 Walworth, Reuben Thompson Mar 13, 1844 27-20 W Jun 17, 1844 Spencer, John Thompson Jan 8, 1844 21-26 R Jan 31, 1844 President Van Buren, Martin Daniel, Peter Barbour Feb 26, 1841 25-5 C Mar 2, 1841 McKinley, John (new seat) Sep 18, 1837 V C Sep 25, 1837 President Jackson, Andrew Catron, John (new seat) Mar 3, 1837 28-15 C Mar 8, 1837 Smith, William (new seat) Mar 3, 1837 23-18 D Mar 8, 1837 Barbour, Philip Duvall Dec 28, 1835 30-11 C Mar 15, 1836 Taney, Roger18 Marshall Dec 28, 1835 29-15 C Mar 15, 1836 Taney, Roger Duvall Jan 15, 1835 24-21 P Mar 3, 1835 Wayne, James Johnson Jan 6, 1835 V C Jan 9, 1835 Baldwin, Henry Washington Jan 4, 1830 41-2 C Jan 6, 1830 McLean, John Trimble Mar 6, 1829 V C Mar 7, 1829 President Adams, John Quincy Crittenden, John Trimble Dec 17, 1828 23-17 P Feb 12, 1829 Trimble, Robert Todd Apr 11, 1826 27-5 C May 9, 1826 President Monroe, James Thompson, Smith Livingston Dec 5, 1823 V C Dec 9, 1823 President Madison, James Duvall, Gabriel Chase Nov 15, 1811 V C Nov 18, 1811 Story, Joseph Cushing Nov 15, 1811 V C Nov 18, 1811 Adams, John Quincy Cushing Feb 21, 1811   D Feb 22, 1811 Wolcott, Alexander Cushing Feb 4, 1811 9-24 R Feb 13, 1811 Lincoln, Levi Cushing Jan 2, 1811   D Jan 3, 1811 President Jefferson, Thomas Todd, Thomas (new seat) Feb 28, 1807 V C Mar 2, 1807 Livingston, H. Brockholst Paterson Dec 13, 1806 V C Dec 17, 1806 Johnson, William Moore Mar 22, 1804 V C Mar 24, 1804 President Adams, John Marshall, John 19 Ellsworth Jan 20, 1801 V C Jan 27, 1801 Jay, John 20 Ellsworth Dec 18, 1800   D Dec 19, 1800 Moore, Alfred Iredell Dec 4, 1799 V C Dec 10, 1799 Washington, Bushrod Wilson Dec 19, 1798 V C Dec 20, 1798 President Washington, George Ellsworth, Oliver21 Jay Mar 3, 1796 21-1 C Mar 4, 1796 Chase, Samuel Blair Jan 26, 1796 V C Jan 27, 1796 Cushing, William 22 Jay Jan 26, 1796   D Jan 27, 1796 Rutledge, John 23 Jay Dec 10, 1795 10-14 R Dec 15, 1795 Paterson, William Johnson Mar 4, 1793 V C Mar 4, 1793 Paterson, William Johnson Feb 27, 1793   W Feb 28, 1793 Johnson, Thomas Rutledge Oct 31, 1791 V C Nov 7, 1791 Iredell, James Harrison Feb 8, 1790 V C Feb 10, 1790 Blair, John   Sep 24, 1789 V C Sep 26, 1789 Wilson, James   Sep 24, 1789 V C Sep 26, 1789 Harrison, Robert   Sep 24, 1789   D Sep 26, 1789 Cushing, William   Sep 24, 1789 V C Sep 26, 1789 Rutledge, John   Sep 24, 1789 V C Sep 26, 1789 Jay, John 24   Sep 24, 1789 V C Sep 26, 1789

This chart lists only nominations officially submitted to the Senate, and does not include nominations announced but never officially submitted (such as Douglas Ginsburg in 1987).   *The date of the nomination is the date on the president's letter to the Senate (ex