最近的這期六月<大西洋>月刊上有篇文章<大法官卡瓦諾到底是哪邊的?>,對這位大法官為何時而扼守保守派觀點,時而又持自由派的立場進行了追根溯源。剪摘幾段如下,括號內斜體字是用網上翻譯器生成的粗略譯文,供不喜看英文而隻讀中文的網友快速參考。
The suburban gentry of Chevy Chase, Maryland, had some dif?culty making sense of Brett Kavanaugh’s descent into villainy that fall. He had always seemed so nice and nonthreatening to his neighbors, so normal—the khaki-clad carpool dad who coached the girls’ basketball team and yammered endlessly about the Nats. It was true that his politics were unusual for the neighborhood,
(馬裏蘭州切維蔡斯郊區的紳士們遇到了一些困難理解布雷特·卡瓦諾的墮落。那個秋天,他總是顯得那麽和善,對他的朋友們毫無威脅。鄰居,太正常了——一個穿著卡其布衣服的拚車爸爸女孩的籃球隊,沒完沒了地抱怨國家隊。他的政治立場在這一帶的確不同尋常)
the same time, Kavanaugh has disappointed many of the right-wing activists who expected the Hulk-like ?gure from his con?rmation hearings to reemerge on the bench. The grumbling began last year, when he voted to allow the Manhattan district attorney access to Donald Trump’s tax records. But frustration really boiled over in February, when his swing vote prevented the Supreme Court from hearing a slate of lawsuits challenging the election results brought by Trump and his allies. Across the Trumpist media, Kavanaugh was derided as a coward and a traitor.
(與此同時,卡瓦諾讓許多右翼活動人士期望從他的作品中看到胡爾克式的人物。確認聽證會重新出現在法官席上。從去年開始,他投票允許曼哈頓區律師可以查看唐納德·特朗普的稅務記錄。在二月份他的搖擺票阻止了最高法院從審理一係列質疑特朗普和他的盟友帶來的選舉結果。特朗普主義的媒體,卡瓦諾被嘲笑為懦夫和叛徒。)
He really cares how he’s perceived across the ideological spectrum,”David Lat, the founding editor of the in?uential legal commentary site Above the Law, told me. “I would say Justice Kavanaugh is trying to be the conservative that people don’t hate.” So far, Kavanaugh has had limited success in that mission. As he nears the end of his third term on the bench, his judicial record has proved peskily di?cult to caricature—solidly conservative but not radically so, prone to incrementalism, disinclined toward culture war. And yet, he remains a magnet for criticism and controversy. Whatever your view of Kavanaugh, you can ?nd evidence that he’s not on your side. When he cast the deciding vote in a ruling that allowed states to continue practicing partisan gerrymandering, Twitter exploded with calls from the left for his impeachment. Similar outrage met his vote to allow the Trump administration to include a citizenship question on the census, which many regarded as an intimidation tactic designed to undercount immigrants. A number of liberal Court watchers believe that the worst may be yet to come. As a lower-court judge, Kavanaugh showed open antagonism toward what is known as the Chevron doctrine, the legal principle that courts should give great weight to the interpretations adopted by federal agencies as they administer complicated regulations. It may be the one area in which his views are the most hardened. If Kavanaugh leads his conservative colleagues in overturning Chevron, Democrats warn, legal challenges will tie regulators’ hands and hobble the implementation of progressive policies—a?ecting everything from health care to the environment to corporate oversight. For some people, of course, the nuances of Kavanaugh’s voting record will always matter less than the fact that he was con?rmed after facing a credible accusation of sexual assault. A year after Kavanaugh was sworn in, Christine Blasey Ford was still receiving death threats. The veteran judicial reporter Dahlia Lithwick wrote that she’d been unable to return to the Supreme Court because she was still so angry. Irin Carmon, a feminist journalist who covered the Kavanaugh hearings closely, told me the episode was especially painful
(他真正關心的是他在意識形態領域的看法。“大衛·拉特,“在?的法律評論”的創始編輯網站上方的法律,告訴我。“我會說正義卡瓦諾試圖成為人們不討厭的保守派。“到目前為止,卡瓦諾在這項任務中取得的成功有限。當他的第三個任期即將結束時,他的法官過去的記錄已經被證明是對諷刺性保守的?崇拜的一種令人討厭的行為。但不是從根本上說是這樣,傾向於漸進主義,不傾向於向文化戰爭。然而,他仍然是一塊磁鐵吸引批評還有爭議。不管你對卡瓦諾的看法是什麽,你都可以?和證據表明他不是站在你這邊的。當他在一項允許各州的裁決中投下決定性的一票時為了繼續進行黨派劃分,Twitter爆發了左派要求彈劾他。類似的憤怒他投票允許特朗普政府關於人口普查的公民身份問題,許多人認為這是一種旨在低估移民數量的恐嚇策略。一個自由派法院觀察人士認為最糟糕的可能是還沒來得及。作為一名下級法院的法官,卡瓦諾顯示公開對抗所謂的雪佛龍學說,法院應高度重視的法律原則由聯邦機構執行的解釋複雜的規定。這可能是他風景是最堅硬的。如果卡瓦諾領導他的保守派民主黨人警告推翻雪佛龍的同事,法律挑戰會束縛監管機構的手腳,阻礙實施進步政策的?--從醫療保健到企業監督的環境。當然,對一些人來說,卡瓦諾投票的細微差別記錄總是比他被騙?的事實更重要。在麵臨性侵犯指控之後。一年後卡瓦諾宣誓就職,克裏斯汀·布萊西·福特仍在接受死亡威脅。資深司法記者Dahlia Lithwick寫著她無法回到最高法院因為她還是那麽生氣。IRIN Carmon,女權主義記者誰仔細報道了卡瓦諾的聽證會,告訴了我這件事尤其痛苦)
幾天前npr上也有篇有關卡瓦諾的文章,連接如下,主要介紹Jackie Calmes的書<<Dissent: The Radicalization of the Republican Party and Its Capture of the Court>>,按書名給卡瓦諾貼上異議者甚至反叛者的標簽皆無不可,這些文章和書中都是以一個複雜性格和真實的人來刻畫卡瓦諾的,有興趣的網友可參閱。
卡瓦諾是上任總統川普任內薦舉的三位大法官之一,記得大選後選票點算的那段混沌焦躁時期,很多預測尤其是華文論壇上多有討論如果大選結果最後要由最高法院來裁決的話,川普肯定就躺贏了,因為他薦舉的三位大法官都是'自己人',關鍵時刻當不會胳膊肘朝外拐。但從上麵這幾段談論卡瓦諾的投票記錄來看,似乎並不是這麽回事:大法官並不會效忠把自己舉薦上高位的總統伯樂,而是遵從自己內心的信仰準則和依據事實投票。
讀了這篇文章後,聯想起了華夏的情形,現在處於定於一尊,仿佛又退回到了朕即國家的時代,不管是那些名義上立法的還是判決法案的,大概除了選擇忠於一個人之外,沒有多種象卡瓦諾大法官這樣無須固定立場,每次隻需根據自己內心的判斷而自主投票吧!看看下麵這份網上看到的中國人大常委幾年前選舉的投票記錄,對國內的選舉自由和投票機器們還能說什麽呢?國內要的就是無限忠誠而無需擁有自己思想和觀念的奴才啊!選舉投票中的亮點已高光在紅色圈圈內。
也想到了千千萬萬個海外學子現在經常會麵臨的一個問題:是否海歸。大約七十年前的那些海歸們當時大概不會象現在這麽糾結,因為剛成立的新國家是以美國似的民主製度為榜樣的,看看'英明領袖'那時的深情表白:
所以那時美國回去的海歸們多半以為回到的祖國會是一個實行類似美國般民主製度的國家才選擇回去吧,可後來二、三十年的曆史進程不知那些海歸們有幾位人士事前就能預料?那些在曆次政治運動中冤死沒活到八十年代曾經有段稍為開明時期的知識分子,想象下麵這樣表達後悔的心情都沒有機會吧!
好在現在的海歸們不用再進行這樣錯誤的曆史預判了,因為天朝的領導人已言之鑿鑿地說清楚了:我們絕不會搞西方的民主製度那一套!就象打牌時你的上峰已擺出了一道明牌一樣,所以選擇海歸的話實際上就象周愉打黃蓋,一個願打,一個願挨!就是選擇效忠一人,而且還必須是絕對的,否則忠誠不絕對就是絕對不忠誠!本人對兩類海歸還好理解,一類是那些本就屬於體製內趙家人的,他們的地位就象印度種姓中的婆羅門一樣,屬於專製體製的受益人和擁護者;另一類就是那些在國內有至親父母,必須選擇作出個人的犧牲而回國追求至愛親情。而很多可回可不回的普通欲海歸的人可能就得仔細惦量了,因為在當局的心裏你是難於信賴依靠的製度異己分子!據說有種動物很殘酷,它生下的崽如果被人類接觸撫摸過又被它嗅出人味的話,它就會把這樣已不純的後代遺棄。所以當局喜歡的還是那些一直被關在牆內而沒有受到外麵世界'精神汙染'的韭菜們,這樣割起來更得心應手,否則和海歸的韭菜們肯定會有各自內心的小九九:
海歸:我知道西方的民主製度 !
當局:我知道你知道西方的民主製度 !
海歸:我知道你知道我知道西方的民主製度 !
這樣,沾上了海外民主思想這異類氣息的海歸們還會得到當局的信任和重用嗎? 從另一網頁轉貼一小段圖文如下:
最近複旦大學薑博士的故事應該又給一些想海歸卻又非趙家人的留學生們上了生動的一課,已習慣了海外自由思想和獨立人格的海歸們真的想好了回去後能和趙家自己人的那些各級黨委和書記們和睦相處嗎?但願大家都三思而後行:海歸有風險,回國需謹慎!