流言：重慶的一則新聞讓人們對鮮榨果汁也不那麽放心了，一個一歲大的寶寶因為喝了半碗鮮榨蘋果汁，食物中毒嘔吐不止。難道新鮮蘋果也有毒了嗎？
真相：在新聞中，嬰兒喝的蘋果汁是用一個蘋果打出來的，比如每克蘋果籽中的氰苷折算為氫氰酸後大約隻有幾百個微克，是苦杏仁的幾十分之一，所以單純從劑量上來講，吃個蘋果就可使嬰兒中毒的說法是站不住腳的。
說到氰化物，很多人會聯想到影視劇中間諜、特工藏在牙齒裏用於自殺的氰化物膠囊，而實際上氰化物就在我們身邊，沒有那麽神秘。
國家食品安全風險評估中心風險交流部鍾凱博士介紹，氰苷是植物中的一種毒素，目前全世界已經發現的氰苷大約是50多種，含有它的植物超過2500種，有幾種被人們食用而且含量還很高。其中最重要是非洲某些地區的主糧木薯，此外，利馬豆、竹筍和亞麻籽中含量也很高。當然我們常見的很多薔薇科植物的種子裏都含有氰苷，比如桃、櫻桃、沙果、杏、梨、李子、枇杷，蘋果也是薔薇科的一員所以蘋果籽同樣含有氰苷，當然這些水果的果肉裏是不含氰苷的。
但是新聞中說果核含氫氰酸是不對的，實際上，果核裏的氰苷本身並沒有什麽危害，其真正的危害在於遇酸或者在生物酶的作用下水解出的劇毒氫氰酸（HCN），容易造成人和動物的中毒。
在臨床上，氫氰酸大量沉積在身體，會導致頭暈、頭痛、呼吸速率加快等症狀，嚴重的還會出現腎衰竭、休克甚至死亡。《甄嬛傳》裏安嬪最後吃苦杏仁自殺的理論依據就是因為氰苷水解出氫氰酸。此外，
蘋果核中的氰苷水解之後的氫氰酸是否達到了能使嬰兒中毒的劑量，也是一個值得商榷的問題。
苦杏仁有毒似乎很多人都知道，但是蘋果籽導致的氰化物中毒卻幾乎沒聽說過。苦杏仁苷之所以在所有的氰苷中最為著名，主要是因為在我們常見的食品中，其在苦杏仁中的含量比較高，大概在2%-4%的樣子。氫氰酸導致人的中毒劑量大約是每公斤體重2毫克左右。如果一個1歲嬰兒重10公斤的話，以每個苦杏仁2毫克計算，大概需要吃至少10顆苦杏仁才可能到達中毒的劑量。
而在新聞中，嬰兒喝的蘋果汁是用一個蘋果打出來的，比如每克蘋果籽中的氰苷折算為氫氰酸後大約隻有幾百個微克，是苦杏仁的幾十分之一，所以單純從劑量上來講，吃個蘋果就可使嬰兒中毒的說法是站不住腳的。此外，蘋果籽主要留在榨汁後的殘渣裏，所以蘋果汁中即使有氰苷也是很少，而且吃進去的氰苷也不一定能全部轉化釋放出氫氰酸。
盡管嬰兒的機體比較脆弱敏感，但從媒體報道的症狀來看，孩子吐出果汁後很快狀態恢複，更大的可能是胃腸道刺激引起的不適，而不是氰苷直接導致嬰兒中毒。更何況嬰兒的嘔吐原因有很多，單純因為喝了新榨的蘋果汁就說是蘋果核有毒，缺乏依據。
實際上，薔薇科植物裏苦杏仁的氰苷含量是比較高的，折算成氫氰酸的話每克可含有幾個毫克，而其他薔薇科果實種子中的氰苷就低得多，除了薔薇科果實，常見的含氰苷的食物還包括鮮竹筍、木薯、銀杏果和一些豆類等。高粱、玉米、土豆、南瓜等很多農作物的幼苗或藤蔓裏都有氰苷，可能會導致誤食的牲畜中毒。所以氰化物並不是什麽稀奇的事物，隻不過由於含量有限，或者吃得不多，所以人們並不是特別關注。
值得慶幸的是，由於氰苷對熱不穩定，因此徹底的加熱是去除氰苷最有效的方式，國外的一些食品安全機構也建議民眾不要生吃這些含氰苷的食物。另外氰苷在體內可以代謝清除掉，不存在蓄積性，該中毒的馬上就會中毒，沒中毒的也不用擔心長期大量，將來會毒發身亡。對於消費者來說，水果的果核就別吃了，需要榨汁的話也應該先去核。隻要不是刻意去嚼果核裏的種子，吃水果導致氰苷中毒的可能性幾乎不存在。
總體來說，蘋果核僅僅是含有氫苷，並不是直接含有氰化物劇毒，而且由於含量小，說它有毒顯得有些危言聳聽。蘋果作為健康水果的代表，我們還是放心大膽的吃吧。(《科技生活》周刊供稿)
Are there poisons of apple seeds? Is it dangerous to eat whole?
Release date: April 24, 2018 / Update date: April 23, 2018
Apple
Apple
Apples that are shakyaki texture and sweet and sour is condensed.
It is a being loved by everyone because it is good to eat every skin, to peel off and eat it is also good.
There is a seed in the center of such an apple, it seems that you eat it by removing seeds.
Poison is contained in the apple seeds, there is a possibility that the body is harmful.
I will introduce you about the kind of apple where such poison is concerned.
? List of apples! Which is sweet and delicious?
Contents [hide]
1 What ingredients are harmful to the body contained in apple seeds?
2 As soon as you eat apple seeds do you have a negative health impact?
3 Do you have dangerous fruits if you eat them like other kinds of apples?
4 About amygdalin
5 Conclusion
What are harmful ingredients in the body contained in apple seeds?
teacher
It seems that there is not much to eat apple seeds, but apple seeds contain ingredients that are harmful to the body.
Rosacea plants contain the toxin "amygdalin".
Besides apples, it is a toxin contained in the seeds of plants and plums.
This toxin is hydrogen cyanide, and many people become known potassium hydroxide.
It is also highly toxic with a risk of leading to death if ingested in large quantities.
As soon as you eat apple seeds do you have a negative health impact?
Apple
The apple seeds are totally upsetting because they contain toxins that are at risk of death and you've mistakenly eaten them.
But the amount of toxins contained in apple seeds is very small, so even if you mistakenly eat it will not cause health hazards.
As long as you do not eat thousands of seeds at once, it will not have a negative impact on your health.
This amount is also an amount that can not be ingested as long as you do not intentionally eat it, so you do not have to worry too much in your normal life.
Do you have dangerous fruits if you eat it like other kinds of apples?
stomach ache
There are many fruits containing toxins like apple seeds.
It is included in seeds of rose family plants such as Liwa, plum, peach and apricot, and also pear which is also a member of apples.
There is no problem at all in a small amount of ingestion, and it is almost no need to care about such as having abdominal pain or diarrhea even if it is ingested a little more.
About amygdalin
Thinking woman
Amygdarin, a toxin, is contained in many fruits as well as apples.
It is a toxin that can cause many symptoms such as fever and abdominal pain, but it is not a component that just harms the body.
First of all it is also used for anticancer treatment.
In the United States, amygdalin is used as anticancer treatment as it can be expected to have the effect of getting rid of cancer cells.
In addition, amygdalin is used in many symptoms such as analgesic effect, antipyretic, alleviation of abdominal pain and diarrhea, and even injuries in Japan.
This is also a folk remedy which has been done since long ago, and the effect of amygdalin has been drawing attention from long ago.
Too much intake will result in toxic constituents, but commercial ingestion exerts superior health effects.
For that reason, there are also people who drink and ingest a lot of drinking seeds in sake and making fruit liquor, and thinly apply them to the skin.
A postcard
Many people do not know that there are toxins in the apple seeds, and some people have eaten it.
But as long as you do not ingest in large quantities it will not have a major impact on your health side so you do not have to go to the hospital in a hurry even if you eat it wrong, so it's okay with peace of mind.
對於“破壁機”這個料理機大家庭中的新夥伴來說，有不少朋友可能還不太了解，甚至沒聽說過，而有的人對於“破壁”這個技術甚至是存在懷疑和質疑的態度。我們發現有不少朋友在尋找關於央視曝光了破壁機騙局的一些新聞或者視頻，關於破壁技術是否是一個忽悠，大家可以參考料理機破壁技術是不是騙局一文。而央視是不是曝光了破壁機是一個騙局呢？一起來看看真相吧。
首先不跟大家賣關子，可以負責任的告訴大家，央視沒有做任何文章或者視頻來曝光破壁料理機是一個忽悠或騙局。有些朋友隻是想求證下央視是否有證明這個觀點，所以在尋找而已。不過央視的節目中確實是有專門做過一檔節目來測評原汁機、榨汁機和破壁機的，最後也得出了結論，這檔節目就是CCTV2的《消費主張》中的《果汁機怎麽選？》，是2017年8月9日的一期節目。接下來談談這期節目中的測評以及其測評結果。
節目的一開始交代了測評的背景，一對夫妻打算買一個適合用來做果汁的料理機，丈夫更傾向於購買原汁機，因為看起來顏色各方麵都更符合自己的要求；妻子傾向於購買破壁機，原因是破壁機不僅可以用來製作果汁，豐富的功能還能用來做很多料理。當他們來到商場選購時，發現導購員說啥的都有，更不清楚是該選原汁機還是破壁機了，又或者是專門用於榨汁的榨汁機？
好了，接下來測評正式開始，節目組請來了一幫年紀在7歲左右的小朋友做喝橙汁的測試。節目組分別用原汁機、破壁機和榨汁機分別製作同一批品質的削了外皮橙子的橙汁，每一杯都貼上記號標簽後，分給每一位小朋友品嚐3杯不同機器做出來的橙汁。最後得出的結果是小朋友幾乎一致認為原汁機做出來的口感更甜，更喜歡原汁機做出來的橙汁。隨後節目組更換了成人女性組（女性朋友也非常喜歡果汁）做測試，得出的結論也是原汁機的口感要更好一些，不過票數開始沒那麽懸殊了。
那麽是什麽原因讓破壁機做出來的橙汁的口感不如原汁機呢？原因是破壁機雖然將橙子的顆粒變得更小的，但是對於橙子這一水果來說，外皮的白色部分和果核跟果汁混合的越均勻，其果汁中的苦味就越高，而原汁機是果渣分離的，不會受到外皮和果核的影響。所以在用破壁機製作的時候，如果對口感要求較高，要弄清楚哪些部位容易影響口感。
原汁機、破壁機和榨汁機所做橙汁的營養差別
然後節目組到專業分析實驗室測試了這三種不同機器做出的橙汁的營養的差異。實驗分析後得出的結論是原汁機和榨汁機智總的營養素的提取率是原果的70%，而破壁料理機可以達到90%以上。
最後節目做了清洗測試，清洗是用完料理機後的一個煩人問題，許多朋友也是因為這個問題讓家裏的料理機吃灰率大大提高。最後得到的測試結果是：破壁機用時是40秒，原汁機用時是2分鍾、榨汁機用時3分25秒。原汁機和榨汁機清洗時間長是因為其結構複雜，需要各種拆卸，以及濾網的清洗耗時長。附上這期節目的視頻鏈接：http://tv.cctv.com/2017/08/09/VIDEovYUZYI1JFun1lhIaxhH170809.shtml。
最後總結一下，結論還是跟我們以前所提的一樣。如果隻是單純的想喝最原汁原味的果汁，那麽選原汁機，如果綜合考慮營養和功能的多樣性方麵，選擇破壁機，關於破壁機的功能請移步破壁機都有什麽功能這篇文章。如果這些都需要，那麽一台原汁機一台破壁料理機就能滿足所有需求了。
