霏份之享
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在加拿大可以買有NPN 標識的產品。廠家在申請NPN 的時候必須提供很多的檢驗結果，包括有效成分和各類殘留，而且為了保持NPN有效也必須每年提供至少一批產品的檢驗結果，當然檢驗結果必須和Label一致。理論上在加拿大任何藥店賣的草藥或維生素都必須有NPN標識。
What’s in Those Supplements?
Target's “Up and Up” brand of St. Johns Wort and Valerian root contained none of those ingredients.
Credit Yana Paskova for The New York Times
The New York State attorney general’s office accused four national retailers on Monday of selling dietary supplements that were fraudulent and in many cases contaminated with unlisted ingredients.
The authorities said they had run tests on popular store brands of herbal supplements at the retailers — Walmart, Walgreens, Target and GNC — which showed that roughly four out of five of the products contained none of the herbs listed on their labels. In many cases, the authorities said, the supplements contained little more than cheap fillers like rice and house plants, or substances that could be hazardous to people with food allergies.（官方表示：多數情況下這些補充劑裏除了填塞了些諸如大米以及常見室內植物之類的廉價成分之外，並沒有太多真材實料。有些甚至還含有對食物過敏者可能有害的物質。）
At GNC, for example, the agency found that five out of six samples from the company’s signature “Herbal Plus” brand of supplements “were either unrecognizable or a substance other than what they claimed to be.” In pills labeled ginkgo biloba, the agency found only rice, asparagus and spruce, an ornamental plant commonly used for Christmas decorations.
At Target, the agency tested six herbal products from its popular “Up and Up” store brand of supplements. Three out of six – including ginkgo biloba, St. John’s wort and valerian root, a sleep aid – tested negative for the herbs listed on their labels. But the agency did find that the pills contained powdered rice, beans, peas and wild carrots.
Here are the products that were analyzed by the attorney general, along with the test results that were described in cease-and-desist letters that the agency sent to the four retailers.
From GNC, Herbal Plus brand:
Gingko Biloba（銀杏葉）
- No gingko biloba found （未發現銀杏葉）
- Did detect allium (garlic), rice, spruce and asparagus（檢測到大蒜、大米、雲杉和蘆筍等成分）
St. John’s Wort （聖約翰草）
- No St. John’s Wort found（未發現聖約翰草）
- Did detect allium (garlic), rice and dracaena (a tropical houseplant)（檢測到大蒜、大米和龍血樹屬植物（一種熱帶室內植物））
Ginseng（人參）
- No ginseng found（未發現人參）
- Did detect rice, dracaena, pine, wheat/grass and citrus（檢測到大米、龍血樹屬植物、鬆、小麥/草和柑橘）
Garlic（大蒜）
- Contained garlic（含有大蒜）
Echinacea（紫錐菊）
- No echinacea found（未發現紫錐菊）
- Did detect rice in some samples（在一些樣品中檢測到大米）
Saw Palmetto（鋸棕櫚）
- One sample contained the clear presence of palmetto（一份樣品中明確含有鋸棕櫚）
- Other samples contained a variety of ingredients, including asparagus, rice and primrose（其它樣品含有多種成分、包括蘆筍、大米和月見草）
From Target, Up & Up brand
Gingko Biloba
- No gingko biloba found
- Found garlic, rice and mung/French bean
St. John’s Wort
- No St. John’s Wort found
- Found garlic, rice and dracaena (houseplant)
Garlic
- Contained garlic
- One test identified no DNA
Echinacea
- Most but not all tests detected Echinacea
- One test identified rice
Saw Palmetto
- Most tests detected saw palmetto
- Some tests found no plant DNA
Valerian Root
- No valerian root found
- Found allium, bean, asparagus, pea family, rice, wild carrot and saw palmetto
From Walgreens, Finest Nutrition brand
Gingko Biloba
- No gingko biloba found
- Did detect rice
St. John’s Wort
- No St. John’s Wort found
- Detected garlic, rice and dracaena
Ginseng
- No ginseng found
- Detected garlic and rice
Garlic
- No garlic found
- Detected palm, dracaena, wheat and rice
Echinacea
- No echinacea found
- Identified garlic, rice and daisy
Saw Palmetto
- Contained saw palmetto
From Walmart, Spring Valley brand
Gingko Biloba
- No gingko biloba found
- Found rice, dracaena, mustard, wheat and radish
St. John’s Wort
- No St. John’s Wort found
- Detected garlic, rice and cassava
Ginseng
- No ginseng found
- Found rice, dracaena, pine, wheat/grass and citrus
Garlic
- One sample showed small amounts of garlic
- Found rice, pine, palm, dracaena and wheat
Echinacea
- No echinacea or plant material found
Saw Palmetto
- Some samples contained small amounts of saw palmetto
- Also found garlic and rice
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/sidebar-whats-in-those-supplements/?action=click&contentCollection=Science&module=MostEmailed&version=Full®ion=Marginalia&src=me&pgtype=article&_r=0
