生活環境裏有吸毒的人有職業風險

生活環境裏有吸毒的人有職業風險

雇主經常用的毒品檢驗包括以下幾種:

6-panel drug test: typically tests for

Amphetamines/Methamphetamines,
Barbiturates, Cocaine Metabolites,
Marijuana Metabolites: Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC),
Opiates (including Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Codeine, and Morphine) and

Phencyclidine (PCP).

7-panel drug test: often administered by companies or individuals concerned an employee might be abusing prescription drugs. Industries requiring alertness or the operation of heavy machinery, such as transportation and the DOT, may use the 7-panel test to gauge the presence of prescription drugs. These drugs, although legal, may impair a machine operators ability to do their job, or cause fatiguing side effects, particularly if abused.

Standard 7-panel test: typically looks for
marijuana,
cocaine,
opiates,
PCP,
amphetamines,
benzodiazepines,
barbiturates.

10-panel test: often administered to test employees in law enforcement and occupational medicine. Additionally, these 10-panel drug screens may examine if a person is violating the terms of probation. Many civil servants must pass a 10-panel test, particularly if their job entails dangerous work or the employee must ensure the safety of others.

Standard 10-panel test: typically looks for
cocaine,
marijuana,
PCP,
amphetamines,
opiates,
benzodiazepines,
barbiturates,
methadone,
propoxyphene,
Quaaludes.

12-panel test: often administered as an extension to the 10-panel test. The 12-panel test looks for either the presence of extended opiates and prescription painkillers or traces of other controlled substances if that poses a dangerous threat to the workplace.

Standard 12-panel test: looks for
cocaine,
marijuana,
PCP,
amphetamines,
opiates,
benzodiazepines,
barbiturates,
methadone,
propoxyphene,
Quaaludes,
Ecstasy/MDA,
Oxycodone/Percoset.

目前很多州合法使用大麻。這並不代表雇主執行的毒品檢驗不包括大麻。很多職業，特別是醫務人員，消防急救人員，用大麻是不可以的。敏感行業，需要CLEARANCE的工作，一般也需要檢驗大麻。如果因為室友吸毒而在環境中吸收了大麻在身體裏，會危及工作。

大部分雇主用驗尿的辦法來探測毒品。不同的毒品在身體裏存留的時間是不同的，見下表。

Drug Time detectable in urine

marijuana 3 days for a single use

57 days for moderate use (4 times per week)

1015 days for daily use

30+ days for heavy use

cocaine 24 days

amphetamines 48 hours

opioids 48 hours for heroin

48 hours for codeine

4872 hours for morphine

24 days for oxycodone

3 days for methadone

barbiturates 1 day for short acting (pentobarbital)

3 weeks for long-acting (phenobarbital)

benzodiazepines 3 days for short acting (lorazepam)

1 month for long-acting (diazepam)

PCP 8 days

synthetic cannabinoids 72+ hours。

少數公司用化驗頭發的辦法。一段頭發可能要長幾個月，所以探測的時間要比驗尿管得更長。 一般來說，檢查頭發可以探測到三個月以內的吸毒曆史。

說了這麽多，總結一句話: 遠離任何毒品，別管別人說什麽！