2010 (1)
2011 (1)
2017 (75)
2018 (60)
1。終身發病率:婦女43%,男人18%,兒童4-5%
2。經常是單側搏動性頭痛
3。雙側頭痛:成年人:40%, 兒童:60%
4。短暫發作性的頭痛:每月少於15天
5。慢性頭痛:每月大於15天
6。相關症狀:畏光,恐聲,懼氣味,惡心和嘔吐
7。20%的病人有預兆:最多的是視覺症狀,少數人有感覺和偏癱症狀
8。有一定的家屬史
9。月經期間可能加重。
急性治療:在24小時內,恢複功能,減輕病痛,減少複發。
A: 家中非特效治療:
Aspirin (650-1000 mg),
Ibuprofen (400-800 mg),
Naproxen (125-550 mg),
Diclofenac (50 mg),
Ketoprofen (50-75 mg)
Ketorolac (10 mg),
Etodolac (200-500 mg),
Mecofenamate (50-100 mg)
B: 特效治療-1: Triptans
Almotriptan (Axert, 6.25,12.5 mg, onset 1-2hr, t1/2 3-4hr),
Eletriptan (Relpax, 20, 40 mg, onset <1hr, t1/2 4 hr),
Rizatriptan (Maxalt, 5, 10 mg, onset 30 min, t1/2 2-3hr),
Sumatriptan (Imitrex, 25, 50, 100 mg, onset oral 1-2hr, t1/2-3hr),
Zolmitriptan (Zomig, 2.5, 5 mg, onset <1hr, t1/2 -3hr),
Frovatriptan (Frova, 2.5 mg, onset 2hr, t1/2 26hr),
Naratriptan (Aerge, 1, 2.5 mg, onset 1hr, t1/2 6hr).
C: 特效治療-2: Ergots
Dihydroergotamine (DHE, 0.5, 1 mg nasal spray or IV injection)
D: 急診室治療:
Sumatriptan: 4-6 mg subcutaneously
OR
Headache cocktail:
Valproate 500 mg intra-venously
Dexamethasone 10 mg intra-venously
Magnesium solfate 1-2 gram intra-venously
Metoclopramide 10-20 mg intra-venously
預防性治療
減少複發頻率,嚴重性,延遲疾病進展,增強對急性治療的反應性
A: 改變生活方式:
要有足夠的睡眠,有氧運動,少量多餐,避免咖啡因,巧克力, 喝酒,和奶酪等發
酵食品。
B: 特效預防性藥品:
1. Beta-adrenergic blockers:
Metoprolol 50-150 mg twice a day
Propranolol 80-240 mg daily
Timolol 10-20 mg twice a day
2. Antiepileptic drugs
Topiramate 25-150 mg twice a day
Divaproex 250-1500 mg twice a day
3. Antidepressants
Amitriptyline 25-150 mg bedtime
Venlafaxine 37.5-150 mg daily
C: 非主流的預防性藥品和方法:
Magnesium 400 mg 1-2 times a day
Coznzyme Q10 300 mg daily
Riboflavin (Vit B2) 400 mg daily
Butterbur 150 mg daily
Feverfew: 50-100 mg 1-2 times a day
Folic acid 2 mg, Vit B12 400 ug, and Vit B6 25 mg, daily
Acupuncture 45% reduction of headache
Oxygen 10-12 Liter/min for cluster headache