以下值來自我的醫院實驗室，僅供參考。
各醫院、各實驗室的值會有些差別，請參照自己的血液檢查報告的正常值。
1. Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)（基礎代謝檢查）:
是一組有八項的血液化學檢查。包括四項電解質：鈉、鉀、氯、碳酸氫鹽；兩項反應腎功能的血尿素氮+肌酐，加上血糖和鈣。
test | Reference range | Reference Range | To Convert US to SI Unit |
Sodium (Na+) | 135--145 mEq/L | 135--145 mmol/L | x 1 |
Potassium (K+) | 3.5--5.0 mEq/L | 3.5--5.0 mmol/L | x 1 |
Chloride ( Cl-) | 97--109 mEq/L | 97--109 mmol/L | x 1 |
Bicarbonate (HCO3−) or CO2 | HCO3- 22--26 mEq/L; | HCO3- 22--26 mmol/L; | x1; |
Blood Urea Nitrogen ( BUN) | 6--22 mg/dL | increased in acute glomerulonephritis,obstructive uropathy,mercury poisoning,nephrotic syndrome | decreased in severe hepatic failure,pregnancy |
Creatinine | 0.7--1.4 mg/dL | 62--124 µmol/L | x 88.5 |
Glucose | fasting: 70--110mg/dL; Postprandial(2 hours):65--140mg/dL. | 3.85--6.05 mmol/L; | x 0.055 |
Calcium ( Ca2+) | 8.5--10.5 mg/dL | 2.12--2.62 mmol/L | x 0.25 |
2.Complete Blood Count (CBC)（全血細胞計數）:
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
| WBC (White blood cell count/Leukocyte count) | 白細胞數 | 4,500--11,000/cu mm | 4.5--11x109/L |
| Neutrophils (WBC differential count) | 嗜中性粒細胞 | 45%--73% | Number fraction: |
| Eosinophils (WBC differential count) | 嗜酸性粒細胞 | 0%--4% | Number fraction: |
| Basophils (WBC differential count) | 嗜堿性粒細胞 | 0%--1% | Number fraction: |
| Lymphocytes (WBC differential count) | 淋巴細胞 | 20%--40% | Number fraction: |
| Monocytes (WBC differential count) | 單核細胞 | 2%--8% | Number fraction: |
| RBC (Red blood cell count/Erythrocyte count) | 紅細胞數 | Males: 4.3--6.2x106/cu mm; Females: 3.8--5.5x106/cu mm | Males: 4.3--6.2x1012/L; |
| Hemoglobin | 血紅蛋白或血色素 | Males:13--18 gm/dL; | Males: 2.02--2.79 mmol/L; Females:1.86--2.48 mmol/L. |
| Hematocrit | 紅細胞比容 / 比積 | Males:42%--52%; | Volume fraction:0.42--0.52; Volume fraction: 0.35--0.47. |
| MCV (Mean corpuscular volume) | 平均紅細胞容積 | 84--96 cu mm | 84--96 fL |
| MCH (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin) | 平均血紅蛋白量 | 28--33 pg/cell | 28--33 pg/cell |
| MCHC (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) | 平均血紅蛋白濃度 | 33%--35% | concentration fraction: |
| Platelet count (thrombocyte count) | 血小板 | 150,000--450,000/cu mm | 0.15--0.45x1012/L |
| MPV (Mean platelet volume) | 血小板平均體積 | 2.65 to 2.9 µm | 9.7–12.8 fL |
3.Arterial Blood Gas(ABG)（動脈血氣分析）:
test | 中文 | Reference range | ReferenceRange |
pH | pH值 | 7.35–7.45 | 7.35–7.45 |
H+ | 氫離子 | 35–45 nmol/L(nM) | 35–45 nmol/L(nM) |
PaO2 | 血氧 | 80–100 mmHg | 9.3–13.3 kPa |
PaCO2 | 二氧化碳 | 35–45 mmHg | 4.7–6.0 kPa |
HCO3− | 碳酸氫鹽 | 22–26 mEq/L | 22--26 mmol/L |
O2 sat | 血氧飽和度 | 95 - 99% | 95 - 99% |
4. Liver Function Tests（肝功能檢查）：
Standard Liver Panel (標準肝功能檢查)：
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
| Albumin (Alb) | 白蛋白 | 3.5--5.0 g/dL | 35--50 g/L |
| Alanine transaminase (ALT) or (SGPT) | 穀丙轉氨酶/穀氨酸轉氨酶 | 9--60 U/L | 9--60 U/L |
| Aspartate transaminase (AST) or(SGOT) | 天冬氨酸氨基轉移酶 | 10--40 U/L | 10--40 U/L |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | 堿性磷酸酶 | 30--120 U/L | 30--120 U/L |
Total bilirubin (TBIL) | 總膽紅素 | 0.1--1.2 mg/dL | 1.7--20.4 µmol/L |
| Direct bilirubin | 直接膽紅素 | 0--0.3 mg/dL | 0--5.1 µmol/L |
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) | γ-穀氨酰轉肽酶 | 0--51 U/L | 0--51 U/L |
5. Protein Tests（蛋白質檢查）：
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
| Human serum albumin | 人血白蛋白 | 3.5--5.0 g/dL | 35--50 g/L |
| Serum total protein | 血清總蛋白 | 6.5--8.5 g/dL | 65--85 g/L |
6. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)（綜合代謝檢查）：
是一組有十四項的常規血液化學檢查。BMP（八項）+ Protein Tests（Human serum albumin，Serum total protein）+ Liver Function Tests（ALP，ALT，AST，Bilirubin）。目的是檢查肝腎功能、電解質和體液平衡。具體請看1. BMP, 4. Liver Function Tests 和 5. ProteinTests 表裏相關的值，這裏不再列表贅述。
7. Iron Tests（檢查血中的鐵）:
是測定血中鐵的含量、血液運輸鐵的能力和鐵的儲存量。用於各型貧血的鑒別診斷（如：缺鐵性貧血、再生障礙性貧血、鐵粒幼紅細胞貧血和慢性溶血性貧血等）。需空腹12小時抽靜脈血檢查。
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
| Serum iron | 血清鐵（血液內遊離的鐵離子） | Male: 65-177 μg/dL; | Male: 11.6-31.7 µmol/L; Female: 9.0-30.4 μmol/L |
| TIBC(Total iron-binding capacity) | 血清總鐵結合力/血清運鐵容量 | 240--450 µg/dL | 43.0--80.6 µmol/L |
| UIBC(Unsaturated iron-binding capacity) | 未飽和鐵結合力 | The UIBC is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the TIBC. | UIBC= TIBC- Serum iron |
| Transferrin saturation (= Serum iron/ TIBC) | 運鐵蛋白飽和度 | Male: 20-50%; Female: 15-50% | |
| Serum Ferritin | 血清鐵蛋白（血液內結合狀態的鐵，檢查體內鐵缺乏的最靈敏的指標） | Males: 20--250 ng/mL; Females: 12--250 ng/mL | Males: 20--250 µg/L; Females: 12--250 µg/L |
8. Lipid profile(Lipid panel)（血脂檢查） ：
高血脂增加心血管疾病的風險。需空腹12小時抽靜脈血檢查。
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
| Total cholesterol | 總膽固醇 | recommended <200 mg/dL; moderate risk 200--239 mg/dL; high risk >240 mg/dL. | <5.2 mmol/L; 5.2--6.2 mmol/L; >6.24 mmol/L |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (good cholesterol ) | 高密度脂蛋白膽固醇 （好膽固醇） | major risk factor <40 mg/dL; negative risk factor >59 mg/dL | x 0.026=mmol/L |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (bad cholesterol ) | 低密度脂蛋白膽固醇 （壞膽固醇） | recommended <129 mg/dL; moderate risk 130--159 mg/dL; high risk >159 mg/dL. | x 0.026=mmol/L |
| Triglycerides | 三酸甘油酯/甘油三酯 | recommended 30--149 mg/dL (<160) | x 0.011=mmol/L |
9.Thyroid function test（甲狀腺功能檢查）:
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range in SI Units | Interpretation |
| TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)/Serum thyrotropin | 甲狀腺刺激激素/促甲狀腺素 | 0.4--6 mIU/L 0.3 to 3.0 mIU/L(as of 2003 ) | 0.4--6 mIU/L | <0.4(低) ---possible hyperthyroidism(甲亢) ; >6(高) ---hypothyroidism(甲減). Note: the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists has revised these guidelines as of early 2003, narrowing the range to 0.3 to 3.0. |
| T3 / Serum triiodothyronine | 血清三碘甲狀腺素 | 80 to 220 ng/dL | 1.23--3.39 nmol/L | <80(低)---hypothyroidism(甲減); >220(高)---Pregnancy,hyperthyroidism(甲亢) |
| Total T4 / Serum thyroxine | 血清甲狀腺素 | 4.5--12.5 µg/dL | 58.5--162.5 nmol/L | <4.5 can be indicative of an underfunctioning thyroid when TSH is also elevated. >12.5(高)---hyperthyroidism(甲亢). Low T4 with low TSH can sometimes indicate a pituitary problem. |
| Free T4 / Free Thyroxine | 遊離甲狀腺 | 0.7 to 2.0 ng/dL | 9.0--25.8 pmol/L | <0.7 ---possible hypothyroidism(甲減) |
10.Clotting factor（凝血因子）：
test | 中文 | Reference range | Clinical significance |
Prothrombin time | 凝血酶原時間 | 12–15 seconds | Prolonged by deficiency of factors I,II,V,VII, and X, fat malabsorption, severe liver disease, coumadin anticoagulant therapy. |
| INR (international normalized ratio ) | 國際標準化比值 | 1.0 2--3 for therapy in atrial fibrilation,deep vein thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism; 2.5--3.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valves | INR used to standardize the prothrombin time and anticoagulation therapy. |
| Partial thromboplastin time (activated) | 活化部分凝血激酶時間 | 25--30 seconds | Prolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen,factors II,V,VIII, IX,X,XI, and XII,and in heparin therapy. |
| Thrombin time | 凝血酶時間 | 10--15 seconds | Prolonged by heparin, fibrin degradation products, lupus anticoagulant. |
11.Cardiac marker（心髒病指標） :
雖然仍有醫院、有醫生在做CPK-MB test，但這裏隻介紹一個目前被認為是檢測急性心肌梗塞（Acute Myocardial Infarction）最靈敏的檢測法---Troponin test (Troponin I (肌鈣蛋白I) onset: 4-6 hrs, peak: 12-24 hrs, return to normal: 4-7 days).
Troponin I Reference Range | Interpretation (判讀) |
0.00--0.09 | Normal |
0.10--0.60 | Possible indication of myocardial damage, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, cardiac surgery or invasive testing. Clinical correlation is required. |
>0.60 | May indicate significant myocardial injury. Clinical correlation is required. |
12.Cancer marker（癌症指標）:
test | 中文 | Reference range | Clinical significance |
| AFP (Alpha fetoprotein) | 甲胎蛋白 | <10 µg/L | Often elevated in liver cancers (hepatocellular) and testicular cancers (non-seminomatous). Raised levels are also present during pregnancy or some gastrointestinal cancers. |
| CA 15-3 | CA 15-3 | <30 IU/L | Increased in metastatic breast. Raised levels are also present in other non-malignant conditions (eg. cirrhosis, benign diseases of ovaries & breast). |
| CA 19-19 | CA 19-19 | <37 IU/L | Increased in pancreatic,hepatobiliary,gastric,and colorectal cancer,gallstones .Its level is best evaluated along with CEA marker test. |
| CA125 | CA125 | <35 IU/L | Increased in colon, upper gastrointestinal(GI),ovarian, and other gynecologic cancers; during menstruation,pregnancy or individuals with ovarian cysts,pericarditis,hepatitis,cirrhosis of the liver or peritonitis. |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | 癌胚抗原 | 0-2.5 µg/L(nonsmoker); 0-5 µg/L(smoker) | CEA was first identified in colon cancer. Elevated CEA levels are found in a variety of cancers other than colonic, including pancreatic, gastric, lung, and breast. It is also detected in benign conditions including cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic lung disease, and pancreatitis. |
| PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) | 前列腺特異性抗原 | 0-4 ng/ml | PSA is prostate-specific, not cancer-specific. A variety of conditions can raise PSA levels: prostatitis (prostate inflammation), benign prostatic hypertrophy (prostate enlargement), and prostate cancer. |
7. Iron Tests（檢查血中的鐵）:
是測定血中鐵的含量、血液運輸鐵的能力和鐵的儲存量。用於各型貧血的鑒別診斷（如：缺鐵性貧血、再生障礙性貧血、鐵粒幼紅細胞貧血和慢性溶血性貧血等）。需空腹12小時抽靜脈血檢查。
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
| Serum iron | 血清鐵（血液內遊離的鐵離子） | Male: 65-177 μg/dL; | Male: 11.6-31.7 µmol/L; Female: 9.0-30.4 μmol/L |
| TIBC(Total iron-binding capacity) | 血清總鐵結合力/血清運鐵容量 | 240--450 µg/dL | 43.0--80.6 µmol/L |
| UIBC(Unsaturated iron-binding capacity) | 未飽和鐵結合力 | The UIBC is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the TIBC. | UIBC= TIBC- Serum iron |
| Transferrin saturation (= Serum iron/ TIBC) | 運鐵蛋白飽和度 | Male: 20-50%; Female: 15-50% | |
| Serum Ferritin | 血清鐵蛋白（血液內結合狀態的鐵，檢查體內鐵缺乏的最靈敏的指標） | Males: 20--250 ng/mL; Females: 12--250 ng/mL | Males: 20--250 µg/L; Females: 12--250 µg/L |
8. Lipid profile(Lipid panel)（血脂檢查） ：
高血脂增加心血管疾病的風險。需空腹12小時抽靜脈血檢查。
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
| Total cholesterol | 總膽固醇 | recommended <200 mg/dL; moderate risk 200--239 mg/dL; high risk >240 mg/dL. | <5.2 mmol/L; 5.2--6.2 mmol/L; >6.24 mmol/L |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (good cholesterol ) | 高密度脂蛋白膽固醇 （好膽固醇） | major risk factor <40 mg/dL; negative risk factor >59 mg/dL | x 0.026=mmol/L |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (bad cholesterol ) | 低密度脂蛋白膽固醇 （壞膽固醇） | recommended <129 mg/dL; moderate risk 130--159 mg/dL; high risk >159 mg/dL. | x 0.026=mmol/L |
| Triglycerides | 三酸甘油酯/甘油三酯 | recommended 30--149 mg/dL (<160) | x 0.011=mmol/L |
9.Thyroid function test（甲狀腺功能檢查）:
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range in SI Units | Interpretation |
| TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)/Serum thyrotropin | 甲狀腺刺激激素/促甲狀腺素 | 0.4--6 mIU/L 0.3 to 3.0 mIU/L(as of 2003 ) | 0.4--6 mIU/L | <0.4(低) ---possible hyperthyroidism(甲亢) ; >6(高) ---hypothyroidism(甲減). Note: the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists has revised these guidelines as of early 2003, narrowing the range to 0.3 to 3.0. |
| T3 / Serum triiodothyronine | 血清三碘甲狀腺素 | 80 to 220 ng/dL | 1.23--3.39 nmol/L | <80(低)---hypothyroidism(甲減); >220(高)---Pregnancy,hyperthyroidism(甲亢) |
| Total T4 / Serum thyroxine | 血清甲狀腺素 | 4.5--12.5 µg/dL | 58.5--162.5 nmol/L | <4.5 can be indicative of an underfunctioning thyroid when TSH is also elevated. >12.5(高)---hyperthyroidism(甲亢). Low T4 with low TSH can sometimes indicate a pituitary problem. |
| Free T4 / Free Thyroxine | 遊離甲狀腺 | 0.7 to 2.0 ng/dL | 9.0--25.8 pmol/L | <0.7 ---possible hypothyroidism(甲減) |
10.Clotting factor（凝血因子）：
test | 中文 | Reference range | Clinical significance |
Prothrombin time | 凝血酶原時間 | 12–15 seconds | Prolonged by deficiency of factors I,II,V,VII, and X, fat malabsorption, severe liver disease, coumadin anticoagulant therapy. |
| INR (international normalized ratio ) | 國際標準化比值 | 1.0 2--3 for therapy in atrial fibrilation,deep vein thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism; 2.5--3.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valves | INR used to standardize the prothrombin time and anticoagulation therapy. |
| Partial thromboplastin time (activated) | 活化部分凝血激酶時間 | 25--30 seconds | Prolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen,factors II,V,VIII, IX,X,XI, and XII,and in heparin therapy. |
| Thrombin time | 凝血酶時間 | 10--15 seconds | Prolonged by heparin, fibrin degradation products, lupus anticoagulant. |
11.Cardiac marker（心髒病指標） :
雖然仍有醫院、有醫生在做CPK-MB test，但這裏隻介紹一個目前被認為是檢測急性心肌梗塞（Acute Myocardial Infarction）最靈敏的檢測法---Troponin test (Troponin I (肌鈣蛋白I) onset: 4-6 hrs, peak: 12-24 hrs, return to normal: 4-7 days).
Troponin I Reference Range | Interpretation (判讀) |
0.00--0.09 | Normal |
0.10--0.60 | Possible indication of myocardial damage, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, cardiac surgery or invasive testing. Clinical correlation is required. |
>0.60 | May indicate significant myocardial injury. Clinical correlation is required. |
12.Cancer marker（癌症指標）:
test | 中文 | Reference range | Clinical significance |
| AFP (Alpha fetoprotein) | 甲胎蛋白 | <10 µg/L | Often elevated in liver cancers (hepatocellular) and testicular cancers (non-seminomatous). Raised levels are also present during pregnancy or some gastrointestinal cancers. |
| CA 15-3 | CA 15-3 | <30 IU/L | Increased in metastatic breast. Raised levels are also present in other non-malignant conditions (eg. cirrhosis, benign diseases of ovaries & breast). |
| CA 19-19 | CA 19-19 | <37 IU/L | Increased in pancreatic,hepatobiliary,gastric,and colorectal cancer,gallstones .Its level is best evaluated along with CEA marker test. |
| CA125 | CA125 | <35 IU/L | Increased in colon, upper gastrointestinal(GI),ovarian, and other gynecologic cancers; during menstruation,pregnancy or individuals with ovarian cysts,pericarditis,hepatitis,cirrhosis of the liver or peritonitis. |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | 癌胚抗原 | 0-2.5 µg/L(nonsmoker); 0-5 µg/L(smoker) | CEA was first identified in colon cancer. Elevated CEA levels are found in a variety of cancers other than colonic, including pancreatic, gastric, lung, and breast. It is also detected in benign conditions including cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic lung disease, and pancreatitis. |
| PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) | 前列腺特異性抗原 | 0-4 ng/ml | PSA is prostate-specific, not cancer-specific. A variety of conditions can raise PSA levels: prostatitis (prostate inflammation), benign prostatic hypertrophy (prostate enlargement), and prostate cancer. |
* 本係列專為新移民而寫。都是網友發QQH到我的信箱裏常問的問題。因悄悄話的版麵有限，把答複的內容寫在自己的博客裏，並公開貼在健康養生壇。到目前為止已完成六篇。感謝網友、健康壇版主和親愛的網管大人的熱心支持（上半部分未完成時已被貼出），這一篇分上下兩部分。這是最費時費力的一篇---要製表，要核對數據和單位。無高深的醫學知識，隻是把它們歸類整理出來，供參考之用。但請參照自己的檢驗報告裏的正常範圍，因為各實驗室的檢驗方法和儀器會有誤差，而且需要醫生結合你的情況來判讀你的檢驗結果。千萬不要隻看到自己的某一項指標偏高或偏低就心慌了---單方麵一個指標的不正常有時是沒有臨床意義的。請谘詢你的醫生，由醫生來下結論。
謝謝大家，特別是給我留QQH的網友的信任。下一篇的題目是：各種疼痛的英文表達（5th vital sign---pain）（也是一網友要求的。但最近較忙，盡量一星期後完成。）*
