曆史上的八月十日

曆史上的8/10日

 

今天是8/10日，2023年的第222天，今年還剩143天。

世界曆史上的今天發生了如下值得我關注的事件：

 

1，1793

盧浮宮博物館開幕

2，1945

日本接受波茨坦條款，同意無條件投降

3，1945

彈道導彈之父，美國人羅伯特·戈達德去世

以下是較為詳細的介紹和編者按?：

 

1793

盧浮宮博物館開幕

 

作為法國皇宮兩個多世紀後，盧浮宮由法國革命政府在巴黎作為公共博物館開放。今天，盧浮宮的藏品是世界上最豐富的藏品之一，其藝術品和文物代表了11000年的人類文明和文化。

 

編者按?不知道什麽時候中南海會對外開放。王師北定中原日，家祭無忘告乃翁 編者按?

 

Louvre Museum opens

After more than two centuries as a royal palace, the Louvre is opened as a public museum in Paris by the French revolutionary government. Today, the Louvre’s collection is one of the richest in the world, with artwork and artifacts representative of 11,000 years of human civilization and culture.

 

1945

日本接受波茨坦條款，同意無條件投降

 

1945年8月10日，在美國轟炸長崎僅一天後，日本天皇默許波茨坦會議，無條件投降；隨之，杜魯門總統下令停止原子彈轟炸。

 

編者按?因著美國強大的軍事實力，日本無視中蘇，同美國暗通款曲達成協議，埋下日後美國人以日本製衡中蘇的伏筆。不得不佩服美國人常遠的戰略眼光。編者按?

 

Japan accepts Potsdam terms, agrees to unconditional surrender

 

On August 10, 1945, just a day after the bombing of Nagasaki, Japan submits its acquiescence to the Potsdam Conferenceterms of unconditional surrender, as President Harry S. Truman orders a halt to atomic bombing.

Emperor Hirohito, having remained aloof from the daily decisions of prosecuting the war, rubber-stamping the decisions of his War Council, including the decision to bomb Pearl Harbor, finally felt compelled to do more. At the behest of two Cabinet members, the emperor summoned and presided over a special meeting of the Council and implored them to consider accepting the terms of the Potsdam Conference, which meant unconditional surrender. “It seems obvious that the nation is no longer able to wage war, and its ability to defend its own shores is doubtful.” The Council had been split over the surrender terms; half the members wanted assurances that the emperor would maintain his hereditary and traditional role in a postwar Japan before surrender could be considered. But in light of the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, Nagasaki on August 9, and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, as well as the emperor’s own request that the Council “bear the unbearable,” it was agreed: Japan would surrender.

 

Tokyo released a message to its ambassadors in Switzerland and Sweden, which was then passed on to the Allies. The message formally accepted the Potsdam Declaration but included the proviso that “said Declaration does not comprise any demand which prejudices the prerogatives of His Majesty as sovereign ruler.” When the message reached Washington, President Truman, unwilling to inflict any more suffering on the Japanese people, especially on “all those kids,” ordered a halt to atomic bombing, He also wanted to know whether the stipulation regarding “His Majesty” was a deal breaker. Negotiations between Washington and Tokyo ensued. Meanwhile, savage fighting continued between Japan and the Soviet Union in Manchuria.

 

1945

彈道導彈之父，美國人羅伯特·戈達德去世

 

羅伯特·哈欽斯·戈達德（英語：Robert Hutchings Goddard，1882年10月5日—1945年8月10日），美國物理學家、發明家，液體火箭的發明者。他於1926年3月16日發射了人類曆史上第一枚液體燃料火箭[1][2]，並且進行火箭研究直到1941年為止。戈達德共獲得了214項專利，其中83項專利在他生前獲得。

 

他1919年撰寫的著作《到達超高空的方法》（A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes）被認為是20世紀的火箭科學經典之一[3][4]。戈達德成功地將3軸控製、陀螺儀和推力向量使用在火箭上，讓火箭在飛行時可以得到有效控製。

 

編者按?為什麽這些現代科技之父多數生長在西方？編者按?