曆史上的六月五號

曆史上的6/5日，

今天是6/5日，2023年的第156天，今年還剩209天。
人類曆史上的今天,發生了如下值得我關注的事件：

今天是”世界環境日”

——每年的６月５日是世界環境日。 １９７２年６月５日至１６日，１１３個國家的１３００名代表在瑞典首都斯德哥爾摩召開了聯合國人類環境大會。 這次會議通過了著名的《人類環境宣言》，發出了“為了這一代和將來世世代代而保護和改善環境”的號召。 會議因此成為人類環境保護史上的一個裏程碑。

——1933
美國總統羅斯福FDR宣布美國取消金本位製

1933年6月5日，當美國國會通過一項聯合決議，剝奪了債權人要求用黃金付款的權利時，美國實際放棄了金本位製，——貨幣由黃金支持的貨幣體係。
美國自1879年以來一直實行金本位，除了第一次世界大戰期間對黃金出口的禁運，但20世紀30年代大蕭條期間的銀行倒閉嚇得公眾囤積黃金，使金本位政策難以維持。

1933年3月上任後不久，羅斯福總統宣布全國銀行暫停營業，以防止對經濟缺乏信心的消費者擠兌銀行。他還禁止銀行支付黃金或出口黃金。根據凱恩斯主義經濟理論，抵禦經濟衰退的最佳方法之一是增加貨幣供應量。隨著美聯儲持有的黃金量的增加，更會擴大其增加流通貨幣的能力。英國曾於1931年放棄了金本位，這曾引起羅斯福的關注。
On June 5, 1933, the United States went off the gold standard, a monetary system in which currency is backed by gold, when Congress enacted a joint resolution nullifying the right of creditors to demand payment in gold. The United States had been on a gold standard since 1879, except for an embargo on gold exports during World War I, but bank failures during the Great Depression of the 1930s frightened the public into hoarding gold, making the policy untenable.
Soon after taking office in March 1933, President Roosevelt declared a nationwide bank moratorium in order to prevent a run on the banks by consumers lacking confidence in the economy. He also forbade banks to pay out gold or to export it. According to Keynesian economic theory, one of the best ways to fight off an economic downturn is to inflate the money supply. And increasing the amount of gold held by the Federal Reserve would in turn increase its power to inflate the money supply. Facing similar pressures, Britain had dropped the gold standard in 1931, and Roosevelt had taken note.

——1967
六日戰爭開始

因著對其邊境的阿拉伯部隊大量集結的警惕，以色列對埃及發動了先發製人的空襲。約旦隨後加入了戰鬥，但阿拉伯聯盟不是以色列武裝部隊的對手。在六天的戰鬥中，以色列占領了加沙地帶、埃及的西奈半島、敘利亞的戈蘭高地以及當時由約旦控製的約旦河西岸和東耶路撒冷阿拉伯居住區。到6月11日聯合國停火生效時，以色列的規模已經擴大了一倍多，包括從約旦奪取耶路撒冷老城。

Six-Day War begins
Israel responds to a build-up of Arab forces along its borders by launching a preemptive aerial attack against Egypt. Jordan subsequently entered the fray, but the Arab coalition was no match for Israel’s armed forces. In six days of fighting, Israel occupied the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, the Golan Heights of Syria and the West Bank and Arab sector of East Jerusalem, both previously under Jordanian rule. By the time the United Nations cease-fire took effect on June 11, Israel had more than doubled its size, including claiming the Old City of Jerusalem from Jordan. 

——1981
關於艾滋病的第一份科學報告刊出

1981年6月5日，美國疾病控製和預防中心在其《發病率和死亡率周報》上發表了一篇文章，描述了來自美國洛杉磯的，原本年輕、健康的五例男同性戀者出現的罕見肺部感染（PCP）病例。雖然當時還不知道這篇文章所描述的是艾滋病的表現。此後這篇文章的發表經常被引用為艾滋病危機的開始。
First scientific report on AIDS is published
On June 5, 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publishes an article in its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report describing five cases of a rare lung infection, PCP, in young, otherwise healthy gay men in Los Angeles. It was unknown at the time, but the article is describing the effects of AIDS. Today, the article's publication is often cited as the beginning of the AIDS crisis.

——2004
美國前總統羅納德·裏根去世

2004年6月5日，美國第40任總統羅納德·威爾遜·裏根在與阿爾茨海默氏症長期鬥爭後去世。裏根曾是一位著名的演員，並曾擔任過加利福尼亞州州長，他是一位深受美國大眾歡迎的總統。在20世紀70年代的美國陷入困境之後，他因恢複了美國大眾的信心而深得人心。
Former U.S. president Ronald Reagan dies
On June 5, 2004, Ronald Wilson Reagan, the 40th president of the United States, dies, after a long struggle with Alzheimer’s disease. Reagan, who was also a well-known actor and served as governor of California, was a popular president known for restoring American confidence after the problems of the 1970s.